White Blood Cell Percentage Research Articles

Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Momordica Charantia L. Fruits Induce the Phagocytosis Activity and Capacity of Rat Peritoneal Macrophages

Phagocytosis is one of the body's immune mechanisms in the elimination of antigens, including bacteria. Its mechanism is affected by many factors, such as the inducers. The present study aims to elaborate on the effect of ethyl acetate fraction of Momordica charantia L fruits on the activity and capacity of rat peritoneal macrophages on a non-A Staphylococcus aureus, including the white blood cell percentage. A series of M. charantia ethyl acetate extract concentrations of 25 mg/kg BW, 50 mg/kg BW, and 100 mg/kg BW were used to identify the phagocytosis activity and capacity, as well as the percentage of white blood cells (WBC). The result showed that the concentration of 50 mg/kg BW had the highest phagocytic activity and capacity compared to other concentrations (P < 0.05), while for the WBC percentage, there were no significant differences among the concentrations (P > 0.05). The conclusion of the present study is M. charantia ethyl acetate extract has the potential to be used as a natural immunostimulant.

Co-Occurrence of Pseudopregnancy, Pyometra, and Bacterial Parasitic Anaplasmosis in a Persian Cat

An intact female tabby Persian cat, 26-month-old, was brought to IPB University Veterinary Teaching Hospital on the 21st of February, 2023, due to vaginal discharge, inappetence, and lethargy. Physical examination revealed a distended abdomen, mammary gland enlargement, and fever (40.1 °C). The heart and respiratory rates were 128 beats per minute and 32 times per minute, respectively. The patient body weight was 3.87 kg. The veterinarian palpated masses inside the abdominal cavity and observed obvious purulent and haemorrhagic vaginal discharge. Haematology showed leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, and the eosinophil percentage of white blood cells was increased (eosinophilia). Blood chemistry analysis showed hyperglycaemia. Ultrasonography showed two hyperechoic masses inside two hypoechoic pouches in the queen’s uterus, suspected as two dead foetuses (no heartbeat). Roentgen revealed abnormalities in the vena cava caudalis, bronchial pattern in the lung, radioopaque masses in the ventral abdomen, radio-opacity changes in the small and large intestines, and abnormalities in the spleen. The patient’s diagnosis was pyometra, and ovariohysterectomy surgery was performed on the patient. The patient was treated with additional medicines (antibiotics and others) according to the symptoms. The patient’s symptoms disappeared, except for the fluctuating febrile and pale mucous membrane. A blood smear performed on the 1st of March 2023 revealed Anaplasma phagocytophilum (A. phagocytophilum) in the white blood cells, and immediately doxycycline treatment (10 mg/kg body weight, twice daily) was given. The patient was discharged from the hospital on the 14th of March, 2023, with no febrile or other symptoms reported. This case is the first report of open cervix-type pyometra and anaplasmosis co-occurrence in a Persian cat from IPB University Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Indonesia.

The Role of Anti-Sperm Antibodies in Primary, Secondary, Immunological and Idiopathic Infertility in Men

The current study aimed to conduct a statistical study to find out the numbers of men with primary and secondary infertility, immunological infertility and Idiopathic infertility in the city of Tikrit with an estimate of the levels of some sex hormones and physiological and immunological variables. The study included 400 married men who attended the Urology Department at Salah Al-Din Hospital and private clinics in the city of Tikrit and its environs for the period from April 2021 to February 2022, and their ages ranged from (20-50) years, and they were divided into two main groups as follows: It included (80) men, and it was divided into four sub-groups, namely: - The group of patients with primary infertility and included 20 individuals. The group of patients with secondary infertility included 20 individuals. And the group of immunocompromised patients included 20 individuals. And the group of patients with unexplained infertility included 20 individuals. The group of natural (fertile) individuals: It is the fifth group and represents the control group, which included (20) individuals. The results showed that the percentage of primary infertility was the highest among infertile patients, reaching 41%, while the percentage was lowest for immunological infertility, reaching 7%. While the percentage of secondary and unexplained infertility was 21% and 31%, respectively. On the other hand, the results showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in sperm parameters between the study groups, as sperm concentrations and the percentage of mobile sperm showed a significant decrease (P<0.05), especially in the secondary infertility group compared to the control group. As for the percentage of slow-moving sperms, there were no significant changes (P<0.05) in all infertile groups compared with the control group. As for the percentage of non-motile sperms, it showed a significant increase (P<0.05), especially in the unexplained infertility group compared with the control group. With regard to sperm shape, the percentage of deformed sperm showed a significant increase (P<0.05), especially in the primary infertility group compared with the control group. The results of the current study also showed that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the concentrations of hormones between the study groups, as the concentrations of testosterone showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05), especially in the primary infertility group compared with the control group, while the least significant decrease was recorded (P<0.05) in testosterone concentration in the unexplained infertility group. Regarding the prolactin hormone, a significant increase (P<0.05) was recorded in the infertility groups compared with the control group, as it was significantly higher in the secondary infertility group. LH also showed significant differences (P<0.05) between the study groups, and the highest significant increase was in the primary infertility group compared to the control group, while the unexplained infertility group did not show any significant differences compared to the control group. As for the FSH hormone, it showed significant differences (P<0.05) between the study groups, as it recorded the highest significant increase in the primary infertility group compared to the control group, while the unexplained infertility group did not show any significant differences compared to the control group. The results of the current study also showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in the concentrations of immunoglobulins between the study groups, as the concentrations of IgA showed a significant decrease (P<0.05), especially in the secondary infertility group compared with the control group, while the least significant increase was recorded (P<0.05). 0.05) in the concentration of IgA in the immunocompromised group. Regarding IgG, a significant increase (P<0.05) was recorded in the infertile groups compared with the control group, if the highest significant increase was in the immunocompromised group. While the primary and secondary infertility group did not show any significant differences compared to the control group. IgM showed significant differences (P < 0.05) between the study groups, and the highest significant increase was in the immunocompromised infertility group compared with the control group, while the primary and secondary infertility groups did not show any significant differences compared with the control group. Also, ASA concentrations showed a significant increase (P<0.05), especially in the unexplained infertility group, while no significant change (P<0.05) was recorded in the ASA concentration in the primary infertility group. With regard to white blood cells, the percentage of white blood cells showed a significant increase (P<0.05), especially in the group of immunocompromised infertility, while the percentage of white blood cells was lowest in the group of primary infertility.

Chronic cannabis use is associated with altered monocyte phenotype, immune response, and depression in physically active individuals.

Introduction: This study evaluated depression, monocyte phenotype, and immune function in physically active cannabis users. Methods: Participants (N=23) were classified as either cannabis users (CU, n=11) or non-users (NU, n=12). White blood cells isolated from blood were analyzed for co-expression of cluster of differentiation 14 and 16 using flow cytometry. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was cultured with whole blood and assessed for interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) release. Results: The percentage of white blood cells classified as monocytes was not different between groups; however, CU had a significantly greater percentage of monocytes classified as intermediate (p=0.02). When standardized per milliliter of blood, CU had significantly greater numbers of total monocytes (p=0.01), classical monocytes (p=0.02), and intermediate monocytes (p=0.01). Intermediate monocytes per milliliter of blood were positively correlated to the number of times CU used cannabis per day (r=0.864, p<0.01) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) score (r=0.475, p=0.03), which was significantly greater in CU (5.1±4.8) compared with NU (0.8±1.0; p<0.01). CU released significantly less TNF-α per monocyte in response to LPS. Conclusions: CU had altered monocyte phenotypes and functions compared with NU. Elevations in intermediate monocytes were positively correlated with measures of cannabis use and BDI-II score.

Cytological and Biochemical Analyses of Lymphatic Fluid from Patients with Lymphatic Malformations.

Background: Intracystic hemorrhage from lymphangiomas is a common phenomenon in lymphatic malformations (LMs); however, little is known about the associated compositional changes in the lymphatic fluid. Materials and Methods: We prospectively collected lymphatic fluid from children with LMs. Lymphatic fluid was divided depending on the bleeding status into the bleeding and nonbleeding groups. The fluid was subjected to cytological and biochemical analyses to determine protein and cytokine levels. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the two groups. Results: There were significant differences in the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and glucose, and the percentage of white blood cells between the bleeding and nonbleeding groups. There was no significant difference in chlorine and protein content; white blood cell count; and IL-2, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor α, and interferon γ levels between the two groups. Conclusion: Lymphatic fluid is less stable in bleeding LMs than in non-bleeding LMs and is prone to inflammatory reactions. The inflammatory reaction in lymphatic fluid does not stimulate the cytokine storm in blood. The inflammatory reaction due to LMs does not affect the contents of protein and chlorine in lymphatic cyst fluid.

Leukocyte Differential Study in Macaca nemestrina infected by Plasmodium spp

The differential count of leukocytes in Macaca nemestrina (pig-tailed macaques) infected by Plasmodium is a way to determine the pattern of the immune response that is increased by the presence of a disease in the body in the form of a parasite in the blood, namely Plasmodium spp. Plasmodium is a parasitic protozoan that can cause malaria and is transmitted through infected mosquito bites. This parasitic protozoan can infect birds, reptiles, rodents, primates, and humans. This study also distinguished the percentage of white blood cells (leukocytes) between infected and uninfected macaques with Plasmodium spp, with the number of samples taken by as many as 24 monkeys. Whole blood was made a thin review on a glass preparation. After drying, it was fixed using methanol by soaking it for 15 minutes and then soaking it in Giemsa›s solution for 30 minutes. The number of leukocytes and differential leukocytes was counted using a light microscope. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) examination as confirmation of microscopic examination. The calculation results showed the percentage of neutrophils and monocytes in monkeys infected by Plasmodium spp. Greater than the uninfected macaque, basophils were still in normal numbers for lymphocytes and eosinophils.

Fisher Kernel Discriminant Analysis Under Indefinite Kernel Function

In this research, Fishers Indefinite discriminant analysis method was used on data representing three groups, the first with size (135), the second with size (120), and the third with size (55) by people with hepatitis A type, B, and c, which is the most common type of hepatitis. The virus was common, and the infection of the three diseases was considered as a response variable, and the value was given (1) for the first type, (2) for the second type, and (3) for the third type, and the independent variables that were relied upon in agreement with specialized doctors are (7) independent variable, gender, age, blood sugar level, mothers infection with viral hepatitis, previous blood transfusions or surgeries, injections of medicines and drugs, and the percentage of white blood cells in the blood. It was concluded that Fishers unbounded discriminant analysis method has an efficient performance because it recorded the lowest rate of classification error, and it was half the probability of error.

Protective role of the aqueous extract of Brassica nigra seed against cadmium chloride toxicity in lung tissue and hematological parameters of female rats

This research was designed to find a role evaluation of Brassica nigra seeds in countering the toxicity of cadmium chloride CdCl2 in female albino rats, which was used in inducing oxidative stress conditions and its effect on blood and lung tissue variables. The study included 20 female rats with ages ranged between (3–4 months) and weights ranged between (180–200 g), and it was distributed randomly into 4 groups, the first group counted a control group that was dosed with distilled water. The second group was treated weight for thirty days I promised an infected control group. The third group that was dosed with aqueous extract of Brassica nigra seed consisted of 200 mg/kg of body weight in addition to cadmium chloride. As for the fourth group in the experiment, it was treated with the aqueous extract of the seeds of the Brassica nigra plant 100 mg/kg of body weight. It was noted from the results that the treatment of animals with cadmium chloride material led to a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in the supported cell size, red blood corpuscle and haemoglobin percentage, and having a great height in percentage of white blood cells When compared with a group which is a control group, Animal dosing for aqueous extract of plant seeds from of Brassica nigra seeds with cadmium chloride restored all blood parameters to normal. A comparison with the group of animals treated with cadmium chloride. It was also observed that treating animals with cadmium chloride resulted in tissue damage in lung tissue When comparing with a group that is a control group.

Influence of heavy metals on physiological and biochemical parameters of Pseudorasbora parva (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae)

Anthropogenic load on aquatic ecosystems leads to increased inputs of heavy metals, which can have a toxic effect on aquatic organisms. Some of the most appropriate objects for research are short-cycle fish species. This article considers the results of studies on the adaptive reactions of the stone moroko Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck et Schlegel, 1846) to Mn, Pb, Ni heavy metal ions, which exceeded the reference values in the reservoir by 1.7, 1.5 and 2.0 times, respectively. Changes in morphological parameters of the blood and histocytological pattern of the hepatopancreas of the experimental species under the influence of toxicants, as well as changes in biochemical parameters, were determined. It was noted that the influence of Mn caused pathological changes in the form of poikilocytosis. The morphometric parameters of erythrocytes (the cell area and the nuclear area) reached 67.48 ± 0.67 and 13.97 ± 0.22 µm2 respectively (4.0% and 13.8% less compared to the control). The influence of Ni resulted in an increased number of leukocytes and immature forms of erythrocytes. The area of erythrocytes was 0.9% smaller than that of the control group, and the area of the nucleus was 4.5% smaller than in the control. The effect of Pb as well as Mn consisted in poikilocytosis. The area of red blood cells and nuclei was smaller by 6.5% and 8.3%, respectively, compared to the control. The percentage of white blood cells in fish exposed to Ni and Pb tended to increase. In the experiment with nickel, the percentage of white blood cells was 10.2% of the number of formed elements; in the experiment with lead – 11.3%; with manganese – 6.1%, while in the control, the number of white blood cells compared to the total number of formed elements of fish was only 1.2%. Cytometric studies have revealed that there are significant differences in the shape, size, and location of hepatocytes in different experimental fish. The structural components of the liver for histological specimens were stained differentially with different intensities and different colours. The hepatocytes on histological specimens of the liver of the stone moroko exposed to Ni and Mn ions did not have clearly defined boundaries, there was a large number of destroyed cells, which indicates the toxic effect of these heavy metals. The hepatocytes exposed to Pb had the largest area of cells and nuclei and the highest nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio is typical for hepatocytes under the influence of Mn. The nuclei had the largest size and occupied 12.7% of the internal contents of the cells. It is shown that under the impact of the studied concentrations of Mn, Ni and Pb, lactate dehydrogenase activity increased by 1.22, 1.14 and 1.48 times compared to the control, respectively. In contrast, there was a 3.27-fold decrease in succinate dehydrogenase activity under the impact of Mn. Besides that, the activity of the enzyme decreased by 1.48 and 1.68 times under the action of Ni and Pb. Subsequently, we found an increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase in muscle tissue by 3.25–3.94 times under the influence of the studied toxicants. Muscle protein levels under the impact of Mn were 1.14 times lower than in the control, the most distinct decrease in protein was found under the impact of Ni (1.53 times). The obtained data of physiological and biochemical reactions of the stone moroko to the influence of heavy metals provide an opportunity to predict changes in the species composition of fish fauna under conditions of excessive toxic pollution of ecosystems.

Evaluation the Genotoxicity of PHB Nanoparticle by Micronucleus Assay

Determining the toxicity of substances in vivo is one of the most important tests that judge whether ornot they are used in the pharmaceutical field. In the present study, the genetic toxicity of treatment dosesof Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), PHB nanoparticles, Cefotaxime and complex of PHB nanoparticlesandcefotaxime was evaluated. The effect of these substances on the number and percentage of white bloodcells (WBCs) in mice was also tested (in vivo). Micronucleus assay was used to assess genotoxicity ofabove materials in vivo, as well as the technique of WBCs chamber was used to estimate the total numberof WBCs in mice administrated with above substances. The differential count of WBCs was measuredby staining the smears with leishman stain. The present study demonstrated that there were no significantdifferences (P&gt;0.05) in the number of micronucleus cells in the mice injected with treatment doses of PHBnanoparticles, Cefotaxime and complex of PHB nanoparticlesand cefotaximewhen compared with miceinjected with normal saline. Similar finding was obtained in terms of counting of total WBCs and differentialcount in mice injected with treatment doses of PHB, PHB nanoparticles, Cefotaxime and complex of PHBnanoparticlesand cefotaxime when compared with WBCs total count and differential count in mice injectedwith normal saline (P&gt;0.05). It can be concluded that there is no toxic effect of treatment doses of PHB, PHBnanoparticles, Cefotaxime and complex of PHB nanoparticlesand cefotaxime on mice.

Evaluating effects of electromagnetic fields on the total number and percentage of white blood cells in mice

To evaluate the effects of electromagnetic waves on the total number and percentage of white blood cells and also antioxidant effects of vitamin C on the effects radiation, 24 male mice (Balb/c) were used: control under the influence of low frequency electromagnetic waves and under the influence of waves with vitamin C. Total number of white blood cells in under the influence waves group significantly increased compared to control group, and also under the influence waves group with vitamin C because its antioxidant property is able to prevent the increasing impact of electromagnetic waves. The percentage of white blood cells in the under influence waves group did not significantly change compared to the control group and also, the under influence waves group with vitamin C had no significant change compared to the other group. The percentage of neutrophils in samples of the under influence waves group had significant decrease compared to control group but in the under influence waves group with vitamin C compared to the other group, this vitamin C could prevent a significant reduction in percentage of neutrophils. Our findings indicated that low electromagnetic fields have caused significant changes in the total number of white blood cells and percentage of neutrophils in mice. In the group that received vitamin C injection, significant changes were observed in the total number of white blood cells and percentage of neutrophils relative to the group under the influence of low electromagnetic waves, which indicates that vitamin C could restore the mean total number of white blood cells and percentage of neutrophils to normal value.

Eosinophilia associated with clozapine therapy

Clozapine is used in the management of treatment‐resistant schizophrenia. However, its utility is limited by the occurrence of agranulocytosis, neutropenia, and leukopenia in up to 3% of patients, necessitating regular monitoring of hematological laboratory indices. In addition, several cases of self‐limiting eosinophilia have been reported in the literature, with most cases occurring 4 weeks after treatment initiation and rarely exceeding a 35% relative eosinophil count (percentage of white blood cells that are eosinophils).

White Blood Cells and Severe COVID-19: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Increasing evidence shows that white blood cells are associated with the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the direction and causality of this association are not clear. To evaluate the causal associations between various white blood cell traits and the COVID-19 susceptibility and severity, we conducted two-sample bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses with summary statistics from the largest and most recent genome-wide association studies. Our MR results indicated causal protective effects of higher basophil count, basophil percentage of white blood cells, and myeloid white blood cell count on severe COVID-19, with odds ratios (OR) per standard deviation increment of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.60–0.95), 0.70 (95% CI: 0.54–0.92), and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.73–0.98), respectively. Neither COVID-19 severity nor susceptibility was associated with white blood cell traits in our reverse MR results. Genetically predicted high basophil count, basophil percentage of white blood cells, and myeloid white blood cell count are associated with a lower risk of developing severe COVID-19. Individuals with a lower genetic capacity for basophils are likely at risk, while enhancing the production of basophils may be an effective therapeutic strategy.

White Blood Cells and Severe COVID-19: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Background: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly emerged to seriously threaten public health. We aimed to investigate whether white blood cell traits have potential causal effects on severe COVID-19 using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods: To evaluate the causal associations between various white blood cell traits and severe COVID-19, we conducted a two-sample MR analysis with summary statistics from recent large genome-wide association studies. Findings: Our MR results indicated potential causal associations of white blood cell count, myeloid white blood cell count, and granulocyte count with severe COVID-19, with odds ratios (OR) of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.72-0.98), 0.81 (95% CI: 0.70-0.94), and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.71-0.99), respectively. Increasing eosinophil percentage of white blood cells was associated with a higher risk of severe COVID-19 (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.03-1.45). Interpretation: Our results suggest the potential causal effects of lower white blood cell count, lower myeloid white blood cell count, lower granulocyte count, and higher eosinophil percentage of white blood cells on an increased risk of severe COVID-19.Funding Statement: KY is supported by the University of Georgia Research FoundationDeclaration of Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Inflammatory Response after Different Ablation Strategies for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation.

Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) has been gaining popularity; however, the trend of inflammatory response markers in patients treated with different catheter ablation strategies over time and their predictability of AF recurrence remain unknown. A total of 210 patients with AF were enrolled and grouped according to surgical mode as follows: freeze group, RF group, and freeze3D group. The subjects were tested for related indexes before and after surgery. To determine AF recurrence during follow up, 24-h ambulatory electrocardiography was performed at two, three, six, and 12 months after surgery. The inflammation indexes of the three groups peaked between one and three days after surgery but fell at different time points (P < .05). The recurrence rate of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) was positively correlated with the increase in the percentage of white blood cells and neutrophils after surgery (P < .05). The postoperative inflammation indices peaked and fell at different time points after different catheter ablation methods. In addition, the recurrence rate of AF in patients treated with freeze3D is lower.

Differences in Pathological Composition Among Large Artery Occlusion Cerebral Thrombi, Valvular Heart Disease Atrial Thrombi and Carotid Endarterectomy Plaques.

Background and Purpose: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with large artery occlusion (LAO) may lead to severe disability or death if not promptly treated. To determine the source of cerebral artery occlusion thrombosis, we studied the pathological components of cerebral artery thrombosis with different etiological classifications to guide clinical formulation of preventive treatment.Materials and Methods: Eighty-eight thrombi from AIS patients with LAO, 12 atrial thrombi from patients with valvular heart disease (VHD), and 11 plaques obtained by carotid endarterectomy (CEA) from patients with carotid artery stenosis were included in this retrospective study. The hematoxylin and eosin–stained specimens were quantitatively analyzed for erythrocytes, white blood cells (WBCs) and fibrin; platelets were shown by immunohistochemistry for CD31.Results: The thrombi of VHD showed the highest percentage of fibrin, followed by those of cardioembolism (CE) and stroke of undetermined etiology (SUE), and these values were higher than those of the other groups. Plaques obtained by CEA showed the highest erythrocyte number, followed by the large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) thrombi, and showed significantly noticeable differences between other stroke subtypes. The proportions of fibrin and erythrocytes in the thrombi of CE and SUE were most similar to those in the thrombi of VHD, and the LAA thrombi were the closest to those obtained by CEA. CE thrombi and CEA plaques had a higher percentage of WBCs than thrombi of other stroke thrombus subtypes and VHD.Conclusions: CE and most cryptogenic thrombi may originate from the heart, and the formation of carotid atherosclerotic plaques may be related to atherosclerotic cerebral embolism. Inflammation may be involved in their formation.

Electrical weapons, hematocytes, and ischemic cardiovascular accidents

BackgroundThere have been case reports following the use of a conducted electrical weapon (CEW) suggesting that these devices might affect coagulation or thrombosis in at-risk individuals. The aim of this manuscript therefore is firstly to explore this hypothesis by reviewing each of these cases and secondly to report the results of a prospective study exploring a priori the effects of electrical weapons on hematocytes in a group of human volunteers. MethodsFirst, we systematically reviewed all cases of adverse outcomes following CEW discharge that could be due to an effect on coagulation or thrombosis, with particular focus on the clinical scenario and its relationship with the weapon discharge. Second, we assessed hematocyte levels in venous blood from 29 volunteers before, 5 min after, and 24 h after receiving a full-trunk 5-s TASER® X26(E) CEW exposure. ResultsFollowing extensive review of the literature, we found 3 relevant case reports of possible vascular thromboembolic clinical events after CEW exposure, specifically a case of ischemic stroke, and 2 cases of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions. Review of these published cases failed to establish a plausible linkage to the CEW beyond a temporal association with significant emotional and physiological stress from a violent struggle.Our prospective study of biomarker change following CEW discharge revealed acutely increased values for WBC (white blood cells), specifically lymphocytes and monocytes, and a raised platelet count. Neutrophil levels decreased as a percentage of WBC. While these changes were statistically significant at 5 min, all results remained within established reference ranges. At 24 h, all values had returned to baseline except total WBC which decreased to slightly below baseline but was still within the normal reference range. ConclusionsA review of clinical cases, of ischemic or thrombotic events revealed no direct association with the CEW discharge. A full-trunk electrical weapon exposure did not lead to hematocyte changes beyond normal clinically expected variations in similar acute response scenarios. The case report and biomarker data do not support the hypothesis that a CEW discharge is associated with changes likely to promote coagulation or thrombus formation.

Effect of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seed powder as feed additives on performance and some blood parameters of broiler chickens.

Background:Modern intensive poultry production has achieved phenomenal improvement in order to produce high quality chickens by the removal of antibiotics as growth promoters from poultry diets. Instead, numerous additives, such as probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, enzymes, and phytogenics, are extensively used in poultry feed.Aim:This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) seed powder as a growth promoter on feed intake (FI), live body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass yield, and blood profile in broiler chickens.Method:A total of 240 (Ross 308) one-day-old broiler chicks of mixed sexes were allocated randomly into four treatment groups, with 60 chicks per group. Each treatment group had three replicates (20 chicks per replicate), according to a completely randomized design for 45 days. The chicks were fed diets containing 0% (T1) as control, 1.5% (T2), 2.5% (T3), and 3.5% (T4) of coriander seed powder. The FI, live body weight, and weight gain were monitored and measured on a weekly basis. Blood samples were collected on day 45 of the trial for the determination of the percentage of white blood cells and to assess the blood profile.Results:It was revealed that the growth performance was not significantly affected (p > 0.05). However, the dressing percentage without the skin was significantly increased (p < 0.05) at level 1.5%, while the heart weight was significantly augmented (p < 0.05) at 2.5%, when compared to the control group. Furthermore, the serum triglyceride was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) at 1.5%, while the high-density lipoprotein was significantly increased (p < 0.001) at level 1.5% when compared with the control and 3.5% groups. Moreover, the glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase were significantly increased at 3.5% when compared with the control and 1.5% groups, with p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively. The basophil and eosinophil cells count were significantly increased at 2.5% (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01), respectively, while the lymphocyte cell was significantly increased at 1.5% (p < 0.01). Nevertheless, the heterophil cell and H/L were significantly reduced at 1.5% (p < 0.05).Conclusion:Based on the results of this study, the inclusion of coriander seed powder at 1.5% had a positive impact on the dressing percentage without skin, biochemical blood profile, and immune response.

Analysis of the relationship of blood metabolites with white blood cells in periparturient dairy cattle

Periparturient dairy cattle are susceptible to metabolic disease due to immense physiological stress caused by calving and the onset of lactation. Susceptibility to disease is related to the cow’s ability to maintain metabolic homeostasis and mount a proper immune response, despite high demand for glucose to support fetal growth and milk synthesis, and as a fuel for increased circulating levels of white blood cells (WBC). This study was conducted to determine if there was a correlation among white blood cell percentages, blood glucose, and the levels of the ketone betahydroxybutyrate (BHBA) on the days immediately around parturition, and to determine if the variables exhibited circadian rhythms. We hypothesized that glucose levels would vary inversely with WBC, and BHBA levels would vary directly with glucose levels. Blood was sampled from the tail vein of multiparous Holstein cows (n=12) at 0600 from 4 days prepartum to 4 days postpartum, and every 4 hr over a 24-hr period (n=6) starting at 0600 on postpartum day 3. Blood glucose and BHBA levels were measured using a CentriVet™, and WBC percentage was calculated by measuring packed cell volume. Glucose was higher (p&lt;0.05) before (73.77 mg/dL±4.65) versus after (68.85 mg/dL±6.15) parturition, whereas BHBA was higher (p&lt;0.05) after calving (0.53 mg/dL±0.39) versus before (0.20 mg/dL±0.16). WBC percentages did not vary significantly by day. None of the variables exhibited circadian rhythms according to cosinor analysis. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed an inverse relationship (r= -0.23, p=0.04) between glucose and BHBA levels, and a direct relationship between WBC percentage and BHBA (r= 0.25, p=0.03). This finding supported our hypothesis, and suggests that immune responses during the periparturient period may affect metabolic homeostasis.

Using adaptive genetic algorithms combined with high sensitivity single cell-based technology to detect bladder cancer in urine and provide a potential noninvasive marker for response to anti-PD1 immunotherapy

ObjectiveTo use adaptive genetic algorithms (AGA) in combination with single-cell flow cytometry technology to develop a noninvasive test to detect bladder cancer. Materials and MethodsFifty high grade, cystoscopy confirmed, superficial bladder cancer patients, and 15 healthy donor early morning urine samples were collected in an optimized urine collection media. These samples were then used to develop an assay to distinguish healthy from cancer patients’ urine using AGA in combination with single-cell flow cytometry technology. Cell recovery and test performance were verified based on cystoscopy and histology for both bladder cancer determination and PD-L1 status. ResultsBladder cancer patients had a significantly higher percentage of white blood cells with substantial PD-L1 expression (P< 0.0001), significantly increased post-G1 epithelial cells (P < 0.005) and a significantly higher DNA index above 1.05 (P < 0.05). AGA allowed parameter optimization to differentiate normal from malignant cells with high accuracy. The resulting prediction model showed 98% sensitivity and 87% specificity with a high area under the ROC value (90%). ConclusionsUsing single-cell technology and machine learning; we developed a new assay to distinguish bladder cancer from healthy patients. Future studies are planned to validate this assay.