Percentage Of Renewable Energy Research Articles

Designing a 10 MW peak solar power plant using a system advisor model (SAM software). Case study: Somalia, Mogadishu Region

Globally, there has been a sharp increase in energy needs due to industrialization and technological advancement. The wisest course of action is to switch from traditional energy sources to renewable energy sources, or ecologically friendly types of energy. Solar energy is one of the most abundant and widely accessible renewable energy sources. Photovoltaic (PV) systems using solar energy to generate electricity are weather-dependent. With the data available in the System Advisory Model (SAM), the Mogadishu region of Somalia can produce about 10 MW peak solar PV system design, which will be helpful to reach the country's target of total installed solar energy capacity by 2025. The SAM was used in this paper to design (system technical design and financial analysis) the small, medium, and large PV systems for the different countries. A 6% annual growth in producing capacity is the ultimate objective of the Somali National Development Plan (NDP). The nation's production capacity increased from 115 MW to 344 MW between June 2021 and June 2015. The target of the NDP is to raise generating capacity to 1043 MW between 2022 and 2027. It is intended to raise the electrification rate to 75% from its present 36% level. 41 MW of solar and 1 MW of wind power are Somalia's total installed capacity for renewable energy (RE). There are 3,000 hours of sunshine each year in the nation, and daily solar radiation levels range from 5 to 7 kWh/m2. Somalia has 41 MW of installed solar capacity and uses it nationwide. A solar photovoltaic system in Somalia attained a performance ratio of 70.8%. By 2030, the UN wants to run all of its operations with 80 percent renewable energy.

Different Scenarios for Reducing Carbon Emissions, Optimal Sizing, and Design of a Stand-Alone Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Irrigation Purposes

Irrigation systems to supply water to agricultural land are essential in remote and isolated areas. However, these areas often face challenges and obstacles in obtaining energy for use in irrigation since many depend on diesel generators (DGs) to produce electricity. A farm located in a remote area in Al-Jafr, Jordan, uses a 100 kW DG to supply its need for electric energy for irrigation purposes. Its energy consumption is 500 kWh/day at $0.29/kWh. This paper designs a new hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for this farm by conducting simulations using the HOMER (Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources) software. This new system consists of solar photovoltaics (PVs), batteries, an inverter, and a 100 kW DG. The results showed a clear difference between the baseline DG-only system and the hybrid system regarding energy cost and carbon emissions. The energy price for the HRES is $0.107/kWh, and carbon dioxide emissions are reduced to 27,378 kg/yr from 184,917 kg/yr for the DG-only system. In addition, simulations and comparisons for an alternative HRES with a 60 kW DG were conducted. Based on the simulation results, the energy price was $0.091 instead of $0.19, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were 15,847 kg/yr instead of 115,090 kg/yr. It was concluded that using hybrid renewable energy systems to power the irrigation of remote areas successfully reduced the energy cost, fuel consumption, emissions, and overall cost. The HOMER program makes an accurate comparison over extended periods between the four strategies (load following, cycle charging, combined dispatch, and predictive dispatch) and selects the optimal system based on the cost, emissions, fuel consumption, and percentage of renewable energy from the system.

Effect of carbon regulations on the financial technological development: Russian and European companies’ adaptation strategies

The plans announced by the European Union to impose a carbon fee by 2022 on commodities purchased from both European and external manufacturers make it increasingly relevant to examine the adaptation of Russian and European companies to low-carbon requirements. The article aims to assess the financial technological costs, technological achievements and energy transition risks for enterprises in Russia and the EU. Theoretical approaches to analyzing technological effects of carbon requirements on enterprises constitute the methodological framework of the study. The research methods of comparative qualitative and quantitative analysis were used in relation to technologies introduced by European and Russian large companies, reached values and dynamics of the carbon footprint in manufacturing, energy consumption, the percentage of renewable energy, the size of costs and investments, projected parameters of traditional energy, the EU plans, and the cost price of alternative energy. The empirical evidence includes public reports of European and Russian exporting companies affected by the carbon fee introduction, as well as microeconomic statistics. The analysis showed that both European and Russian major exporters by the end of 2021 had already initiated certain efforts to reduce their carbon footprint and achieved satisfactory outcomes in this area. In some cases, the Russian companies were even more successful than the European ones, but in general they lagged behind. However, expenses of the European companies are more significant, and energy transition risks for them are higher, which significantly reduces the dividend received by the leader. We propose recommendations to protect Russian business, including export-oriented one, from excessive costs incurred in the development of low-carbon energy. These recommendations can be of use for authorities when implementing industrial policy.

Local strategies towards 100% renewable energy cities and regions for West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Much of the focus in the global transition towards renewable energy, a key steppingstone towards achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement, has been on the national and international levels. This focus tends to hide the immense variation present at the sub-national level. Local and regional governments are critical actors in the energy transition, and their involvement is crucial as they are ideally placed to guide their respective communities and to ensure that this transition is just, equitable and inclusive. Even though they may show the ability and ambition, the need for effective multilevel governance and enabling national policy frameworks to channel resources to the local and regional levels is more urgent than ever. Through the 100% Renewables Cities and Regions Roadmap project, the Province of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) in Indonesia has chosen to aim to achieve one hundred percent renewable energy use in its territory by 2050 on the way to net-zero emissions. This paper discusses the results of the energy systems modelling conducted in NTB that presents a viable pathway towards this goal, which forms the basis of further recommendations and ways forward for the province in terms of priority sectors and actions.

Technical-economic analysis of the implementation of a microgrid with integration of renewable energies in the Esmeraldas Canton, Ecuador

The integration of renewable energy technologies and the consequent reduction in investment costs has led to an increase in the use of distributed energy resources (DER), which has allowed the deployment of more and more microgrids. Despite the many benefits that can be derived from microgrids, they still face many barriers to participating in the electricity industry compared to traditional grids. This paper proposes to address the implications of installing renewable energy in the parish 5 de Agosto, Stone Mine Sector of the city of Esmeraldas, through a technical-economic analysis of the implementation of a microgrid using the HOMER network software. The analysis shows that implementing a microgrid for renewable energy production significantly reduces total costs, unit energy costs and carbon dioxide emissions over the entire project life cycle. Finally, it is concluded that the photovoltaic matrix produces 82.3%, wind turbines 15.3% and the contribution from the grid is 2.45% of the total energy, respectively. The percentage of renewable energies in the system is 100%.

Renewable Energy Consumption During Covid-19 Pandemic

Currently, the pandemic derived from the outbreak of the Covid-19 virus represents one of the most complicated situations for the world economy because it is a health emergency, which has created remarkable affectations in all types of industries, such as the electrical industry. A brief information about the distribution, commercialization, and diversity in power generation sources is included. This report analyzes the annual average change in percent renewable energy consumption from 2019 to 2020 for the representative group of selected countries: China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Portugal, Spain, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, and United State; where the parametric (paired t-Test), and the non-parametric technique (related-samples Wilcoxon signed rank test) produced the same result: the average annual change in the percentage consumption of renewable energy from 2019 to 2020 has been significant (p-value< 0.01) for the group of selected countries. We conclude this report by proposing the implementation of a new paradigm: The transformation of an energy dependent on oil into one dependent on renewable sources, such as solar radiation and wind mainly.

Quantitative Analysis on the Proportion of Renewable Energy Generation Based on Broadband Feature Extraction

With the massive access of distributed renewable energy sources, many uncertain renewable energy power components have been added to the low-voltage lines in substations in addition to the loads of definite classification. From the perspective of economy and cleanliness, it is necessary to quantitatively analyze the renewable energy share among them and improve the power quality level of users. For the power quality information at low-voltage feeders, this paper proposes a quantitative analysis algorithm based on improved wavelet energy entropy and LSTM neural network. The method is based on wavelet transform, based on sym8 wavelet basis function; it divides the long time sequence into equal-length small time sequences, calculates each feature component obtained from wavelet transform decomposition separately, then borrows the concept of information entropy to find its energy entropy. After obtaining the energy entropy sequence of each feature component, it then borrows the concept of kurtosis to weighted differentiation of each energy entropy sequence to highlight the feature information and finally, uses the LSTM neural network to classify the power quality information of different renewable energy sources to determine to which interval segment they belong. By building a simulation model to simulate the actual data in the field, the percentage of renewable energy can be quantitatively analyzed efficiently and accurately.

Impact Of International Trade On Indonesia's Consume Of Renewable Energy

This research intends to look into the exports percent of GDP, imports percent of GDP, and percentage of renewable energy in the GDP's total energy usage. This study uses data from 1999 to 2019 It was constructed using secondary data from the World Bank. The method used is quantitative by modeling the Model for Vector Error Correction (VECM) using exports, imports, and consumption of renewable energy in Indonesia as variables. We found that Causality or causal relationship occurs in renewable energy consumption variables that affect imports, import variables affect exports and vice versa export variables affect imports. This shows that using renewable energy is encourages imports and exports in Indonesia. So that international trade has a significant role in encouraging the renewable energy usage.

Yenilenebilir Enerji - Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi Açısından Türkiye ve AB Ülkelerinin Malmquist Endeksi ile Performans İncelemesi

Nüfus artışı, teknolojik gelişmeler vb. birçok faktör dünyadaki enerji ihtiyacını ve tüketimini hızla artırmaktadır. Son dönemlerde kişi başına düşen enerji tüketiminin artması ciddi boyutlara ulaşmış, enerji üretiminde dışa bağımlığı azaltma ve küresel ekonomik rekabette belirleyici bir aktör olma hususları enerji üretiminin önemini artırmıştır. Bu sebeple, enerji kaynaklarına sahip olan ülkeler, ekonomik olarak diğer ülkelerden farklı bir konuma geçmiştir. Bununla birlikte, günümüzdeki çevre sorunları, fosil kaynakların tükenebilir olması veya fosil kaynaklara sahip olunmaması vb. sebepler yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına ilgiyi artırmıştır. AB’ye üyelik sürecinde, Türkiye ve AB ülkelerinin yenilenebilir enerji performanslarının zaman içinde değerlendirilmesi literatüre ve yapılacak çalışmalara da katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yenilenebilir enerji ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi açısından Türkiye ve AB ülkelerinin verimlilikleri değerlendirmektir. Çalışma kapsamında yapılan literatür incelemesi sonucu yenilenebilir enerji göstergeleri ile ilgili 5 değişken belirlenmiştir. Girdi değişkenleri; CO2 Salınımı, Toplam Enerji Tüketimindeki Yenilenebilir Enerji kullanımı (YEK), İşgücü (EMP) çıktı değişkenleri; Kişi Başına GSYİH ve Toplam Enerji Arzının İçindeki Yenilenebilir Enerji Oranı (TEAYEO)’dır. Çalışmada, bahsi geçen ekonomik ve yenilenebilir enerji göstergeleri yardımıyla 2008-2015 döneminde AB ülkeleri ve Türkiye’nin performanslarındaki değişimler değerlendirilmiştir. Zaman içindeki verimliliğin gelişimini değerlendirebilmek için Malmquist Toplam Faktör Verimliliği (TFV) endeksi kullanılmıştır. Malmquist Endeksi, Veri zarflama analizi (VZA) temelli bir endeks olduğundan karar verme birimleri (KVB) arasında homojeniteyi sağlayabilmek amacıyla kümeleme analizi yapılmış ve benzer ülkeler gruplandırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, 2008-2015 dönemdeki TFV ortalama değerlerine göre ülkeleri sıraladığımızda, Lüksemburg’un diğer ülkelerden kayda değer bir farkla birinci sırada yer aldığı görülmektedir. Lüksemburg’u sırasıyla Belçika, Türkiye, Bulgaristan, Hırvatistan Slovenya, Kıbrıs vd. ülkeler takip etmektedir. Türkiye’nin de ortalama TFVG değerine göre başarılı ülkelerden olduğu görülmektedir.

STUDY OF THE POTENTIAL AND DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY POWER IN INDONESIA : A REVIEW

Energy consumption in Indonesia every year shows an increasing trend, with energy sources from fossils or non-renewable energy dominating renewable energy in the national energy mix. Climate change due to fossil energy emissions and the depletion of fossil energy reserves directly encourages Indonesia to develop and utilize renewable energy, which is abundantly available in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to examine the development and planning of the contribution of renewable energy in each sector to the national energy mix in the short to long term. Geothermal capacity total installed in 2019 2130.7 MW with a plan 7.2 GW in 2025 and 17.6 GW in 2050, hydropower total capacity in 2019 6283.3 MW with a paln 21 GW in 2025 and 41 GW in 2050, bioenergy total ini 2019 for power generator 2200 MW with a plan 5.5 GW in 2025 and 26 GW in 2050, in solar energy total capacity in 2020 as power plant 17.22 MW with a plan 6,5 GW in 2025 and 45 GW in 2050, in wind energy until 2020 total capcity for electrical energi 153. 83 MW with a plan 1.8 GW in 2025 and 28 GW in 2050, and the marine energy energy sector in Indonesia has not yet been utilized as an energy harvester. In general, the government targets an increase in the percentage of renewable energy in the national energy mix in the short term until 2025 with a 23% contribution, and in the long term until 2050 with a 31% contribution.

Holistic simulation of wind turbines with fully aero-elastic and electrical model

Requirements for the design of wind turbines advance facing the challenges of a high content of renewable energy sources in the public grid. A high percentage of renewable energy weaken the grid and grid faults become more likely, which add additional loads on the wind turbine. Load calculations with aero-elastic models are standard for the design of wind turbines. Components of the electric system are usually roughly modeled in aero-elastic models and therefore the effect of detailed electrical models on the load calculations is unclear. A holistic wind turbine model is obtained, by combining an aero-elastic model and detailed electrical model into one co-simulation. The holistic model, representing a DFIG turbine is compared to a standard aero-elastic model for load calculations. It is shown that a detailed modelling of the electrical components e.g., generator, converter, and grid, have an influence on the results of load calculations. An analysis of low-voltage-ride-trough events during turbulent wind shows massive increase of loads on the drive train and effects the tower loads. Furthermore, the presented holistic model could be used to investigate different control approaches on the wind turbine dynamics and loads. This approach is applicable to the modelling of a holistic wind park to investigate interaction on the electrical level and simultaneously evaluate the loads on the wind turbine.

Fuel cell electric vehicles and hydrogen balancing 100 percent renewable and integrated national transportation and energy systems

Abstract Future national electricity, heating, cooling and transport systems need to reach zero emissions. Significant numbers of back-up power plants as well as large-scale energy storage capacity are required to guarantee the reliability of energy supply in 100 percent renewable energy systems. Electricity can be partially converted into hydrogen, which can be transported via pipelines, stored in large quantities in underground salt caverns to overcome seasonal effects and used as electricity storage or as a clean fuel for transport. The question addressed in this paper is how parked and grid-connected hydrogen-fueled Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles might balance 100 per cent renewable electricity, heating, cooling and transport systems at the national level in Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, France and Spain? Five national electricity, heating, cooling and transport systems are modeled for the year 2050 for the five countries, assuming only 50 percent of the passenger cars to be grid-connected Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles, the remaining Battery Electric Vehicles. The grid-connected Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle fleet can always balance the energy systems and their usage is low, having load factors of 2.1–5.5 percent, corresponding to an average use of 190–480 h per car, per year. At peak times, occurring only a few hours per year, 26 to 43 percent of the grid-connected Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle are required and in particular for energy systems with high shares of solar energy, such as Spain, balancing by grid-connected Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles is mainly required during the night, which matches favorably with driving usage.

The Use of Ground Source Heat Pump to Achieve a Net Zero Energy Building

Currently, ground source heat pump (GSHP) technology is being studied, as the use of the ground as a source of renewable energy allows significant energy savings to be obtained. Therefore, it is useful to quantify how these savings help to achieve the energy balance of a Net Zero Energy Building (NZEB) compared to an air source heat pump or a condensing boiler coupled to a chiller. This paper assesses how these savings affect the number of photovoltaic panels installed on the roof of a building to obtain the NZEB target. The study is conducted by dynamic simulation for a building used as a bed and breakfast, virtually placed in two Italian towns. The energy savings and reduction of CO2 emissions, the percentage of renewable energy used, and the photovoltaic surface needed are assessed. Finally, the discounted payback period is calculated. The results show that the GSHP, unlike the systems to which it is compared, allows an NZEB to be obtained by balancing yearly energy consumption with energy production systems which only use on-site renewable energy sources (by exploiting the surface available on the roof) for both of the climatic conditions considered. GSHP also allows primary energy requests equal to or less than 57 kWh/m2 to be obtained.

Fifty shades of binding: Appraising the enforcement toolkit for the EU’s 2030 renewable energy targets

In December 2018, the European Union (EU) adopted a recast of the Renewable Energy Directive (RED II), which introduces a new target of 32 percent renewable energy to be reached at the EU level by 2030. This target represents a discontinuity with the one enshrined in the previous Directive (RED I), as it is binding only for the EU as a whole but not for individual Member States. Such a policy shift paves the way to new legal challenges for the deployment of renewable energy. Yet, the contextual approval of the Regulation on the Governance of the Energy Union also provides the European Commission with an enforcement toolkit to respond to Member States’ ambition and delivery gaps in their National Energy and Climate Plans. Providing an appraisal of the RED II and the Governance Regulation, this article argues that, despite the lack of binding renewable energy targets at Member State level, the Commission is equipped with the necessary instruments to ensure the enforcement of the collective 2030 renewable energy target.

Emergencey Portable Solar Power Supply

Emergency Portable Solar Power Supply is a product which uses renewable energy sources as the main sources of electricity which is sunlight. According to World Energy Outlook (WEO) 2018, the percentage of renewable energy used as a source to generate electricity grew by 17% higher than the 10-year average and solar energy contributed more than a third despite accounting for just 21% of the total. The main objective of this product is to create clean energy emergency portable solar power supply by using non-conventional energy source and green technology which can be used during any contingency happens and also for the usage for rural area with non-electric power source. This project was started by calculation of the system design for determining the characteristic that need to be used for all components that related to this solar system such as battery, charge controller, solar panel and etc. The overall system of this portable solar power supply is 12V system. This design can last for 2 days without charging and the minimum hour for the battery to be charged is around 6 hours. This product can supply maximum up to 100W of DC and AC power supply. In a conclusion, this product is very portable and greener product the usage of solar energy as the main sources to generate electricity.

Sustainable energy towards air pollution and climate change mitigation

This is an evidence from a high-income economy in Southeast Asia and a support for scientific planning of the energy sector in ensuring air pollution and climate change mitigation. A comparative analysis of the energy options for electricity generation in the nation was made considering availability, cost and greenhouse gases emission – CO2, N2O and CH4, using a two-stage method comprising multi-objective optimization and TOPSIS. The renewable (RE) and non-renewable energy (NRE) options available were assessed through the lifecycle approach to determine the lifecycle greenhouse gas emission (LCGHG) and levelized cost of energy (LCOE) per MWh of electricity. Considering historical electricity consumption, annual GDP and population growth from 1965, energy consumption for the year 2035 was forecasted using support vector machine regressor in Weka. Future plans in energy diversification pathways were examined through various scenario multi-objective optimizations with a constraint on resource availability and energy target using genetic algorithm in MATLAB. The outputs were ranked using TOPSIS method. Results showed that greenhouse gases emission could be reduced by 10.3 percent compared to business as usual scenario while the energy mix could attain 10 percent renewable energy in the grid at a relatively lower generation cost.

Assessment of green investment impact on the energy efficiency gap of the national economy

The paper deals with the analysis of the green investment impact on the energy efficiency gap. The findings of the bibliometric analysis proved the increasing trend of the published documents on green investment and the energy efficiency gap. In the study, the author used Scopus Tools Analysis, Web of Science Results Analysis, and VOSviewer for providing the bibliometric analysis. In the paper the author checked the hypothesis as follows: cointegration exists between GDP, energy efficiency, green investment and share of renewable energy; green investment had a positive impact on the percentage of renewable energy; green investment had a positive effect on the countries energy efficiency and decreased the energy efficiency gap. The author used the unit root test for checking the stationarity of the selected variables. Pedroni panel cointegration test used for monitoring the cointegration between variables. Fully Modified Least Square model used for identifying the relationship between variables. The findings proved the stationarity of the data at the first level. It allowed providing the Pedroni cointegration test and long-run covariance test. Thus, the empirical results showed that increasing green investment leads to an increase in energy efficiency by 0.56 points, gross domestic product per capita – 0.18 points, renewable energy – 0.39 points. The increasing of renewable energy allowed increasing energy efficiency by 0.38 points, gross domestic product per capita – 0.19 points, green investment – 0.54 points. Besides, rising of the countries’ energy efficiency allowed growing of gross domestic product per capita by 0.27 points, green investment – 0.31 points, and declining of renewable energy by 1.14 points. If the increase of energy efficiency leads to a decrease in the energy efficiency gap the following could be concluded: increasing green investment leads to reducing of energy efficiency gap; increasing of renewable energy in the total energy consumption allowed declining the energy efficiency gap. In this case, in Ukraine, the mechanisms for improving the investment climate should be developed at the national level, considering the EU experience. Such activities allowed to attract additional green investment in renewable energy projects. Keywords: green investment, cointegration, correlation, green finance.

Experimental energy performance assessment of a solar desiccant cooling system in Southern Europe climates

Solar desiccant cooling systems, SDEC, could be an effective alternative to conventional cooling systems, which mainly depend on electrical energy. The main objective of this work was to determine experimentally the seasonal coefficient of performance, SCOP, of a SDEC system composed of a desiccant wheel, an indirect evaporative cooler and a thermal solar system, to control indoor conditions in a research lab room. The dependence of coefficient of performance on outdoor air conditions and percentage of renewable energy used by the SDEC system were also analysed. Experimental tests were carried out for six weeks during spring and summer seasons in Martos, Spain.The experimental results showed that the SDEC system independently adjusted the temperature and humidity of the supply air. 75% of the energy consumed by this air handling system comes from renewable sources. A seasonal coefficient of performance of the SDEC system of 2 was obtained for the period analysed. It is shown that the higher the outdoor temperature, the higher instantaneous COPs is. These results suggest that the use of SDEC systems in hot climates, such as southern European climates, could contribute to achieve the EU's energy goals within the frame of Nearly Zero Energy Buildings.

Cities and greenhouse gas reduction: Policy makers or policy takers?

A growing number of cities have set ambitious mid-century targets for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction and increased use of renewable energy. Using the municipal jurisdiction of Vancouver, Canada as a case study, we integrated an energy-economy model with an urban land-use and infrastructure model to test the possible actions resulting from policies potentially available to this city government in pursuit of its 2050 target of 100 percent renewable energy and an 80 percent reduction of GHG emissions. We found that, while cities like the one we studied have some important options for reducing energy use by their inhabitants, they may lack the authority to completely transform the energy system, especially for causing a wholesale switch to renewable energy for deep decarbonization. To achieve such ambitious energy and GHG targets, cities with jurisdictional powers comparable to the city we studied are dependent to some degree on complementary GHG and energy policies from senior levels of government.

The Future of Renewable Energy for Electricity Generation in sub-Saharan Africa

Energy transition in the last decade has experienced increased quota of renewable energy in the global energy mix. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the transition from the fossil fuel to the renewable energy source has been gradual. The state of renewable energy in the region in the next decade is the focus of this study. This study uses a single-layer perceptron artificial neural network (SLP-ANN) to backcast from 2015 to 2006 and forecast from 2016 to 2020 the percentage of renewable energy for electricity generation, exempting the hydropower in the energy mix of the SSA based on historical data. The backcast percentage renewable energy mix was evaluated using known statistical metrics for accuracy measures. The root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute deviation (MAD) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) obtained were 0.29, 0.18, and 14.69 respectively. The result shows possibility of an increase in the percentage of renewable energy in the electricity sector in the region. In 2020, the percentage of renewable energy in sub-Saharan region is expected to rise to 4.13% with exclusion of the hydropower. With government policies encouraging the growth of the renewable energy as a means of power generation in the region, the predicted percentage and even more can be realized.