Percentage Of Obese Individuals Research Articles

Clinical phenotypes of individuals with Chung-Jansen syndrome across age groups.

Pathogenic variants in pleckstrin homology domain interacting protein (PHIP) are associated with Chung-Jansen syndrome characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioral challenges, hypotonia, obesity, and dysmorphic features. We report phenotypes and genotypes of 47 individuals with likely pathogenic/pathogenic PHIP variants. Variants were de novo in 61.7%, unknown inheritance in 29.8%, and inherited in 8.5%. The median age of the individuals was 10.9 years, approximately equally divided by sex. Individuals in this cohort frequently had a history of developmental delay (85.1%), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (51.1%), anxiety (46.8%), depression (27.7%), and sleep difficulties (42.6%). Depression was significantly higher in the older age group (>12 years old). Most individuals had moderately low adaptive functioning based on the Vineland-3 (mean = 76.8, standard deviation = 12.0). Overall, 55.8% of individuals were obese/overweight. The percentage of obese individuals was greater in the older age group (>12 years old) and evolves over time. Other common symptoms were hypotonia (78.7%), constipation (48.9%), visual problems (66%), and cryptorchidism (39.1% of males). Our findings provide additional natural history data for Chung-Jansen syndrome and provide opportunities for early intervention of healthy eating habits and awareness of developing mood and behavioral challenges over the life course.

Changes in Obesity and Physical Activity According to Gender in South Korean Adults, 2002-2013: Change of physical activity and Obesity

Background and objectivePhysical activity (PA) is essential for preventing obesity and cardiovascular risks, but the percentage of obese individuals in different populations is gradually increasing, while PA is decreasing with economic development. This study analyzed the changing trends in obesity and PA participant rates during a 10-year period in Korea. Men and women were examined separately.Material and methodsThe census population data from the database of Korean National Health Insurance Service (KNHIS) used in this study comprised information on more than 86.4 million individuals between 2002 and 2013. PA participation was classified as follows: low PA (0–2 days/week), middle PA (3–4 days/week), and high PA (5–7 days/week). Obesity was measured by calculating body mass index (BMI) using the parameters of height and weight of an individual, and was classified as normal (BMI less than 24.9), overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9), and obese (BMI 30.0 or higher). Men and women were separately analyzed.ResultsThe percentage of obese men increased from 2.6 to 4.2%, and the percentage of obese women increased from 2.9 to 3.7% during the study period. For men, their Low PA decreased from 80.7 to 78.4%, and High PA increased from 7.9 to 8.2% (p<0.001). The women’s middle PA increased from 6.6 to 11.3%, and their high PA decreased from 8.1 to 7.5% (p<0.001). Among obese individuals, men’s High PA decreased from 7.7 to 7.1%, and women’s High PA decreased from 8.5 to 6.8% (p<0.001). ConclusionObesity increased by 1.6% in men and by 0.8% in women over a decade. Low PA participation decreased, whereas middle PA increased in both men and women; thus, the overall PA participation rate increased. High PA increased in the normal weight BMI group, but it decreased in the obese group.

Westernization of Lifestyle Causes Obesity-Associated Metabolic Disorders in the Japanese Population

In recent years, the percentage of obese individuals has been rising in many countries, accompanied by a sharp increase in the prevalence of obesity-associated metabolic disease, such as metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. We recently compared the medical survey data of each generation between two Japanese populations with different lifestyles, i.e., the group of native Japanese living in Hiroshima, Japan, and the group of Japanese-Americans (Japanese people who migrated to Hawaii or Los Angeles, USA, and their offspring), focusing on differences in nutrient intake and the prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus. Japanese-Americans tended to consume a high-fat and high-simple carbohydrate diet, and had a higher prevalence of obesity-associated metabolic disease than native Japanese living in Japan. However, the detailed comparison among Japanese-Americans revealed that experience with the Japanese lifestyle during childhood suppressed the onset of obesity in later years.

Online Social Networks, Social Capital and Health-related Behaviors: A State-of-the-art Analysis

The percentage of obese individuals in the population has increased exponentially over the last decade, making obesity a phenomenon of significant global concern. Individual behaviors, preferences and lifestyle choices are subject to social and environmental influences and social networks have been identified as a key contributor to the global obesity epidemic. Numerous empirical studies have found a relationship between dimensions of social capital, well-being and population health. It is the thesis of this article that social capital in online social networks might be similarly associated. Addressing previously identified gaps in the literature, our conceptual model enables the analysis of the relationships between the structure and content of an individual's online social network, the resulting opportunities and limitations to accessing resources and his or her health-related behaviors and body weight is introduced. Moreover, the model incorporates potential social capital as a special type of social capital in online social networks and uses network-based measures instead of self-reported data. Additionally, literature-based hypotheses discussing the relationships between the constructs of the model are presented. Establishing profound theoretical groundwork, this article encourages future research crossing the boundaries between information systems, health informatics and sociology. This study concludes by proposing a new Facebook e-health application to collect longitudinal data using the aforementioned conceptual model in order to explore the presented ideas further.

Soy Consumption and Obesity

Obesity is now present worldwide, including China, India and developing countries. It now seems no longer acceptable to argue that obesity can simply be explained in terms of caloric consumption only using simple concept of energy in and energy out. There may be specific causes of altered metabolism that produce nutritional imbalances. Individual variation in response to food intake may also be considered. Specific substances in the food chain can influence meta-bolism towards an increase in fat deposits. Xenoestrogens have been suggested to have such an influence. Soy contains phytoestrogens plus phytates, protease inhibitors and other anti-nutrients which block or compromise the body’s uptake of essential vitamins and minerals. This may contribute to nutritional anomalies. We analyzed data from WHO and FAO for 167 countries. These contained percentage of obese individuals (BMI > 30 kg/m2), GDP, caloric consump-tion per capita, and sugar and soy consumption per capita. Regressions and partial correlations were used. Soy con-sumption correlates significantly with levels of obesity, irrespective of GDP and caloric intake. For instance, poor Latin America with soy consumption of 28.9 kg/person/year has more obesity (18.4%) than better off European Union (14.1%) consuming 16.1 kg/person/year of soy. Soy consumption seems to contribute approximately 10% - 21% to the worldwide variation in obesity, depending on the method of statistical analysis. The ubiquitous presence of unfermented soy products in mass produced foods seems to be an important contributor to the obesity epidemic.

Dietary habits of patients with renal stone disease in Greece

Summary Objective: To assess the dietary habits of 62 renal stone patients and to relate their diet to the likelihood of nephrolithiasis. Subjects and methods: All subjects completed a dietary questionnaire including questions regarding anthropometric characteristics, dietary habits and food consumption frequencies. Subjects were grouped according to sex. Results: Sixty per cent of the subjects were male and 40% female. Seventy-nine per cent of the patients were obese (BMI > 25). The percentage of obese individuals was higher for men (84%) than for women (72%). Furthermore, BMI increased with age with a peak at the age of 50 years. All subjects had a high meat intake indicating a high animal protein consumption. Forty-two per cent of the subjects consume meat 5–8 times per week and 24% consume meat 9–12 times per week. All subjects had a low milk and dairy products intake as well as low vegetable and fruit intake, indicating a strong possibility of low calcium and fibre intake. Conclusion: The results of the dietary survey recorded a diet which is associated with an increased risk of nephrolithiasis. The majority of the subjects were obese, had a high intake of animal protein from meat, a low intake of foods rich in calcium and a low number of meals per day.