Percentage Of Lots Research Articles

421 Trends in the Percentage of Lots of Beef Calves Qualifying for Various Health Programs When Sold Via Summer Video Auctions from 1995 through 2017.

421 Trends in the Percentage of Lots of Beef Calves Qualifying for Various Health Programs When Sold Via Summer Video Auctions from 1995 through 2017.

The effect of growth-promoting implant status on the sale price of beef calves sold through a livestock video auction service from 2010 through 2013

Data were collected to quantify the effect of implant status on the sale price of lots of beef calves marketed through a livestock video auction service from 2010 through 2013 and to calculate the percentages of implanted lots. Information describing factors that could potentially affect the sale price of lots of beef calves was obtained electronically from the auction service for 27,746 lots (2,749,406 total calves) selling in 92 video auctions. All lot characteristics that could be accurately quantified or categorized were used to develop a separate multiple-regression model for each study year using a backward selection procedure. Implant status had no effect on sale price in any of the 4 yr of the study (P = 0.53, 0.39, 0.64, and 0.12, respectively, for 2010 to 2013). The percentage of lots that were implanted in each year was 28.4, 30.3, 30.5, and 29.0 for the years 2010 to 2013, respectively, with a mean of 29.5%. The percentage of lots of beef calves that were implanted was relatively low in the West Coast, Rocky Mountain/North Central, and South Central regions of the United States ranging from 18.2 to 27.9%. However, 64.9% of the lots from the South East region were implanted. The results of this study indicated that implant status of beef calves marketed through a livestock video auction service had no effect on sale price. Approximately 30% of all lots were implanted in each year of the study with approximately 33 and 25% of the steer and heifer lots being implanted, respectively.

Number of export almond lots rejected in the EU due to USA sampling plans and aflatoxin contamination levels among lots tested

In March 2010, the European Union (EU) modified their aflatoxin limits and sampling plans for almonds, pistachios, and hazelnuts to closely resemble that developed by Codex in 2008. To assist the USA almond industry evaluate how to modify their aflatoxin sampling plan to minimise USA lots rejected by the EU at import, studies were conducted to: (a) develop a model to predict the number of USA almond lots rejected at origin and at destination by various Codex style aflatoxin-sampling plans used by the USA where accept/reject limits vary from EU limits of 8 ng/g aflatoxin B1 / 10 ng/g total aflatoxins (AFT) to 8, 6, 4, 2, and 0.5 ng/g AFT; (b) determine the effect of the level of aflatoxin contamination among lots tested in the USA on the number of lots accepted and rejected at origin and at destination; and (c) develop a method based upon lots rejected in the USA to predict the lots rejected several months later in the EU. For a given USA crop contamination level, as the accept/reject limits of the USA sampling plan decreases from 8 to 0.5 ng/g AFT, the number of lots rejected in the USA increases, the average aflatoxin concentration among all lots accepted for export decreases, the number of lots rejected in the EU decreases, and the average aflatoxin concentration among lots accepted in the EU decreases. For a given USA aflatoxin sampling plan used at origin, an increase in the USA crop aflatoxin contamination level increases the number of lots rejected at origin, increases the average aflatoxin concentration in USA lots accepted for export, increases the number of lots rejected in the EU, and increases the average aflatoxin concentration among lots accepted in the EU. Graphical techniques were developed to use the percentage of lots rejected in the USA to predict the percentage of USA lots rejected by the EU.

Testing Green Coffee for Ochratoxin A, Part III: Performance of Ochratoxin A Sampling Plan

Green coffee shipments are often inspected for ochratoxin A (OTA) and classified into good or bad categories depending on whether the OTA estimates are above or below a defined regulatory limit. Because of the uncertainty associated with the sampling, sample preparation, and analytical steps of an OTA test procedure, some shipments of green coffee will be misclassified. The misclassification of lots leads to some good lots being rejected (sellers' risk) and some bad lots being accepted (buyers' risk) by an OTA sampling plan. Reducing the uncertainty of an OTA test procedure and using an accept/reject limit less than the regulatory limit can reduce the magnitude of one or both risks. The uncertainty of the OTA test procedure is most effectively reduced by increasing sample size (or increasing the number of samples analyzed), because the sampling step is the largest source of uncertainty in the OTA test procedure. The effects of increasing sample size and changing the sample accept/reject limit relative to the regulatory limit on the performance of OTA sampling plans for green coffee were investigated. For a given accept/reject limit of 5 microg/kg, increasing sample size increased the percentage of lots accepted at concentrations below the regulatory limit and increased the percentage of lots rejected at concentrations above the regulatory limit. As a result, increasing sample size reduced both the number of good lots rejected (sellers' risk) and the number of bad lots accepted (buyers' risk). For a given sample size (1 kg), decreasing the sample accept/reject limit from 5 to 2 microg/kg relative to a fixed regulatory limit of 5 microg/kg decreased the percentage of lots accepted and increased the percentage of lots rejected at all OTA concentrations. As a result, decreasing the accept/reject limit below the regulatory limit increased the number of good lots rejected (sellers' risk), but decreased the number of bad lots accepted (buyers' risk).

Model for Estimating Relative Abundance of Periplaneta fuliginosa (Dictyoptera: Blattidae) by Using House and Landscape Characteristics

The relationship between smokybrown cockroach, Periplaneta fuliginosa (Serville), abundance and habitat was quantified using canonical correlation. Cockroach habitat was described, using 18 house and landscape characteristics based on a sample of 60 homes. Cockroach abundance, estimated by three monthly mean trap catches at each home, was correlated With habitat. After preliminary analysis, only 11 of the house and landscape characteristics were retained in the model. No characteristics dominated the description of habitat (an index) but some contributed positively and others negatively. The characteristics having the largest standardized weights in the habitat index were percentage of lot occupied by home, tree density, number of pets, number of residents, chemical pest control, age of house, and obvious cockroach harborages on tilt' property. Unbiased estimates of variables weights of the habitat index obtained by the Jackknife method demonstrated the fit of the model and revealed minimal effect of outliers; of 14 weights, 11 had standard deviations <20% of the mean. We produced that cumulative cockroach abundance would increase linearly with cockroach habitat index. Regressions of a control data set (n = 44) and a validation data set (n = 16) both produced positive slopes and, in addition, neither slopes nor intercepts were significantly different between these two data sets. These results validated the correlation model and indicated that it is applicable to all homes in Auburn, not just those in the control data set. Use of untransformed data produced similar results and showed that a cockroach habitat index may be used readily by pest control operators or homeowners.

Bright greenish‐yellow fluorescence and aflatoxin in recently harvested yellow corn marketed in north carolina

AbstractCorn kernels that exhibited bright greenish‐yellow fluorescence (BGYF) under long‐wave ultraviolet light were hand‐picked from samples of yellow corn produced in eastern North Carolina. The BGYF kernels from 113 4‐kg samples contained an average of 8665 parts per billion (ppb) aflatoxin compared to an average of 46 ppb in the non‐BGYF kernels. A regression analysis between the ppb aflatoxin concentration and the wt % BGYF kernels in 2,304 4.5‐kg samples produced the regression equation: ppb in sample =197 (wt % BGYF). The correlation coefficient for the analysis was 0.90. Testing programs to reduce aflatoxin concentrations in purchased lots of corn based on either the BGYF method or the AOAC chemical assay method were compared. The average aflatoxin concentration in lots accepted by the AOAC method was 4 ppb, 10 ppb or 18 ppb when an acceptance level of &lt; 20 ppb, &lt; 50 ppb or &lt; 100 ppb, respectively, was used. For the BGYF method, the average aflatoxin concentration in accepted lots was 10 ppb, 16 ppb or 22 ppb when an acceptance level of &lt; 0.10% BGYF, &lt; 0.25% BGYF or &lt; 0.50% BGYF, respectively, was used. Approximately the same percentage of lots were accepted by both methods when either the low, medium or high acceptance level was used.

Antibodies to hepatitis A virus in immune serum globulin.

Two hundred one immune serum globulin (ISG) lots manufactured in the US between 1967 and 1977 were tested for antibodies to the hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) by a competitive-inhibition radioimmunoassay (RIA); a lesser number were also tested by immune adherence hemagglutination (IAHA). The percentage of ISG lots that contained anti-HAV with a titer of 1:100 or greater by RIA was 50% for those manufactured in 1967, 69% for those manufactured in 1972, and 100% for those manufactured in 1977. The percentage of lots with anti-HAV titers equal to or greater than 1:500 by RIA was 7% in 1967, 18% in 1972, and 70% in 1977. Only ten lots of ISG (5%) had anti-HAV titers of 1:1,000 or greater by RIA; seven of these were manufactured in 1977. Both the mean titer of anti-HAV in ISG lots and the percentage of lots containing significant titers of this antibody appear to have increased in the US over the past ten years. This may reflect the increased use of source plasma from paid plasmapheresis donors in the US during this period. The lower titers of anti-HAV in the older lots of ISG studied were shown not to be due to fragmentation of antibody molecules during storage.

A Retailer's Experience with the Oregon Bacterial Standards for Meat

The Oregon retail food industry's experience with bacterial regulations on meats serves as the basis for questioning: (a) the effectiveness of such an approach in reducing public health hazards; (b) the technical feasibility of such standards in relation to current practices of the entire meat industry (including packer, breaker, and distributor); and (c) the feasibility of administering such a regulation in an effective compliance program. As recounted herein, specific compliance programs instituted by Safeway Stores, Inc. have reduced the percentage of lots of ground beef exceeding Oregon Escherichia coli standards from 50% to about 30%. Oregon arrest and conviction records seem to indicate the industry is not currently able to meet the state's standards consistently and that the courts may not be entirely convinced of the validity and/or significance of the charges. Inability of current procedures to inform store managers of E. coli counts before sale of product, presence of E. coli on carcasses at time of receipt at breaking plants, and the inherent variability of the MPN technique are cited as weaknesses of the enforcement program.

Zoning and Its Relation to Traffic Congestion

THE Standard State Zoning Enabling Act prepared by the Advisory Committee on Zoning appointed by Secretary Hoover reads as follows: For the purpose of promoting health, safety, morals, or the general welfare of the community, the legislative body of cities and incorporated villages is hereby empowered to regulate and restrict the height, number of stories and size of buildings and other structures, the percentage of lot that may be occupied, the size of yards, courts and other open spaces, the density of population, and the location and use of buildings, structures and land for trade, industry, residence or other purposes.