Percentage Of Live Coral Cover Research Articles

TYPES AND ABUNDANCE OF MARINE DEBRIS IN THE CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM OF PASUMPAHAN ISLAND, WEST SUMATRA

Debris has long been a worrying problem, especially in the marine environment. Human activities and marine tourism activities cause coral reef ecosystem damage. The research was carried out in June - September 2022 to determine the type and abundance of marine debris, lifeforms, and condition of coral cover, as well as the relationship between the abundance of marine debris and coral cover on Pasumpahan Island, West Sumatra. The research method used was a survey, and the data obtained was analyzed descriptively. The research location was divided into three observation stations by placing three transects at each station. Based on the research results, six types of marine waste were found, with abundance ranging from 0.01 to 0.085 units/m2. The coral lifeforms found are Acropora branching, Acropora encrusting, Acropora submassive, Coral encrusting, Coral foliose, Coral millepora, Coral mushroom, and Coral massive, with a percentage of live coral cover ranging from 1.00-36.48%. A strong negative relationship exists between the abundance of marine debris and the percentage of coral cover in Pasumpahan Island, West Sumatra

Condition of Coral Reefs and Abundance of Coral Fishes of the Chaetodontidae Family in the Waters of Sironjong Gadang Island, Pesisir Selatan District, West Sumatra Province

Sironjong Gadang Island is one of the islands in the Mandeh Tourism area in Pesisir Selatan Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia. One of the ecosystems affected by tourism activities is coral reefs. Monitoring the coral reefs' condition and the abundance of coral fish in the Chaetdontidae family is carried out to find out this. This research uses survey research methods. The temperature measurement results obtained an average of 30.2oC, current speed measurements received an average of 0.12 m/s, salinity measurements obtained an average of 30 ppt, and brightness measurements show that the brightness of these waters is 9 m. Tide measurements in the waters of Sironjong Gadang Island, carried out on March 7–8, 2023, are double daily tides (semi diurnal tide). Then, the results from the coral reef cover of Sironjong Gadang Island waters obtained a percentage ranging from 2.34 - 12.83%, with an average rate of live coral reef cover of 5.96%, which is included in the poor category. Furthermore, the results at each research station in the waters of Sironjong Gadang Island showed that 54 coralfish individuals were found, with the number of coralfish at each depth ranging from 4 - 10 individuals. The most common types of coral fish are species. Acuminate had 18 individuals; the fewest types of coral fish found were Chaetodon trifasciatus and C. tristichous, each numbering two individuals. There is a solid relationship between live coral reef cover and the abundance of coral fish in the Chaetodontidae family, where live coral reef cover influences the plenty of coral fish by 61.11%, which means that the higher the percentage of live coral cover, the higher the value of coral fish abundance.

Analysis of Coral Reef Conditions in the Waters of Panjang Island, Central Bangka Regency

Coral reefs are organisms that live at the bottom of the water and take the form of sturdy limestone formations capable of withstanding the force of ocean waves. Ecologically, coral reefs serve as habitats where various animal and plant organisms seek food and shelter. This research aims to analyze the coral reef ecosystem conditions in the waters of Panjang Island and provide recommendations for sustainable management of marine biodiversity in the waters of Panjang Island, Central Bangka Regency. The Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method involves underwater photography using a digital or regular digital camera equipped with a waterproof housing to withstand seawater exposure. The research results indicate that the percentage of live coral cover in the waters of Panjang Island ranges from 70.07% to 14.07%, categorizing it as fair to poor according to the Minister of Environment Decree No. 4 of 2001 on the Standard for Coral Reef Damage. Fourteen coral growth forms were identified in the waters of Panjang Island, belonging to 17 coral genera. Recommendations for managing marine resources on Panjang Island include sustainable tourism development. Environmentally based tourism development can serve as a solution for sustainably utilizing coral reefs and promoting improving coastal and fisheries management based on Marine Conservation Areas.

Abundance Megabentos in Coral Reef Ecosystems in the Waters of Gelasa Island, Central Bangka Regency.

Megabenthos is a group of fauna that inhabits the benthic zone, which is the bottom or substrate of aquatic environments (both infauna and epifauna), with a body size exceeding 10 mm (1 cm). This study aims to analyze the abundance of megabenthos in the coral reef ecosystem, examine the relationship between megabenthos abundance and the physical and chemical parameters of the aquatic environment in the coral reef ecosystem, and analyze the relationship between megabenthos abundance and coral life forms in the waters of Gelasa Island. This research was conducted in September 2022 in the waters of Gelasa Island. Megabenthos data were collected using the Bentos Belt Transect (BBT) method, while coral data were collected using the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method. The study identified 10 species of megabenthos in the coral reef ecosystem of Gelasa Island. The species found at the research site include Diadema setosum, Diadema antillarium, Echinothrix calamaris, Drupella cornus, Drupella rugosa, Trochus conus, Tectus pyramis, Tridacna squamosa, Tridacna crocea, and Acanthaster planci. The percentage of live coral cover at the research site ranged from 26.60% to 71.00%. Megabenthos abundance was analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to examine the relationship between megabenthos and the physical and chemical parameters of the aquatic environment and the relationship between megabenthos and coral life forms.

Condition of Coral Diversity in Kuta Mandalika Coastal, Central Lombok Regency

Development and operational activities in KEK Mandalika can increase sedimentation of waters caused by erosion of construction material activities, this have an impact on coral reef ecosystems. Coral reef ecosystems have several important roles in support life of various aquatic organisms, Damage to the coral reef ecosystem directly and indirectly, sooner or later will threaten the sustainability of the use of these resources (social economy) and the safety of the community. Observations were conducted in KEK Mandalika coastal at 6 observation points less than 10 m. The results showed that the highest percentage of live coral cover was found in Kuta Mandalika coastal at PIT 4 area (30%, damaged category, moderate status). While the lowest percentage of coverage was at PIT 5, which was 2% (damaged category, bad status). Overall the percentage of coral cover in the Kuta Mandalika area is included in the damaged category. One of the reasons is because at the lowest tide on the beach, the volume of water is very small so that many hard corals are exposed to solar radiation. This limits the types of hard corals that can grow in the intertidal zone of Mandalika coastal. Genus diversity at this location is low, ranging from 0.0782 to 0.1288. Several genera of the Nephtheidae family dominate the observation sites and form colonies of the same genus with a fairly large distribution. The average value of environmental parameter measurements in the Mandalika coastal is included in the good category for soft coral habitat and growth.

CORAL REEF TRANSPLANT SUCCESS RATE IN BONETAMBU ISLAND, SPERMONDE ARCHIPELAGO

The world's coral reefs are under threat from human activities through pollution and habitat changes. This condition is influenced by several factors, such as human activities and natural phenomena. Many efforts have been made by humans to overcome or repair coral reef ecosystems that have been damaged. One of the efforts made is to carry out coral transplants. The main goal of coral transplantation is to improve the quality of coral reefs such as increasing live coral cover, biodiversity and uniqueness of coral topography. The stages of the method carried out in the research include mapping the bottom of the waters (sounding); mapping conditions of water cover; transplantation process and monitoring. This study used the spider skeleton method for the transplant media. The results showed that the percentage of live coral cover ranged from 10% - 25% and it was found that rubble cover dominated up to >70%. During the monitoring process, it was found that algae dominated almost all of the transplant media. The high nutrients and the lack of algae-eating fish resulted in a high algae cover found on the surface of the structure and had an impact on the death of the transplanted corals. Efforts are being made to regularly clean algae to increase the survival rate and replant dead coral

Konsentrasi Makroplastik Pada Ekosistem Terumbu Karang Di Perairan Pesisir Pemuteran Dan Padang Bai


 
 
 
 Marine debris can be a severe problem in the coastal areas and small islands of Indonesia, which are the habitat of marine organisms and their ecosystems. This is, of course, related to unmanaged waste in various provinces in Indonesia, such as the Bali Province, where as much as 52% of waste in Bali needs to be appropriately managed. Marine debris can be generated from various activities on land and at sea, such as residential areas, industrial activities, offshore activities, and other activities on the island of Bali. The waters of Pemuteran and Padang Bai have coral reef ecosystems. Coral reefs function as a food warehouse for fisheries, a place to live and spawn, and physically coral reefs function as breakwaters and beach protectors. Marine debris can harm coral ecosystems, where it can cause scratches, shards, and disease to corals. This study aimed to analyze macroplastics' characteristics, concentration, and potential relationship to coral reefs. The macro plastic survey used an adaptation of the CSIRO method. The results of this study indicate that the macro plastic characteristics found in the Pemuteran waters were soft plastic types with concentration values ??ranging from 0.02 to 0.03 pieces/m2. In contrast, there were fiber, soft plastic, and hard plastic types with higher concentration values in the Padang Bai waters. Ranged from 0.09 to 0.12 pieces/m2. The ratio of macroplastic to the percentage of live coral cover is 0.98, which means it is inversely proportional; if the amount of macroplastic increases, it will decrease the percentage of live coral cover. The effect of microplastic on the percentage of live coral cover was very significant, with a determination value of 0.96.
 
 
 

The Economic Value of Capture Fisheries Service from Coral Reef Ecosystem on Kelapa Dua Island

Coral reefs are critical ecosystems for coastal and marine biota interaction. The coral reef ecosystem on Kelapa Dua, Seribu Islands, is in poor condition with a low live coral cover. This condition decreases fishery productivity, as the coral reef is the habitat and nursery ground for fish and marine biota. The problem in this research is how to increase the percentage of live coral cover on Kelapa Dua Island, so fishermen do not have to fish further to other islands. This study aims to analyze the coral cover percentage and the economic value of the direct use value of capture fisheries services from the coral reef ecosystem on Kelapa Dua Island. The method used in this study to calculate the percentage of coral reef cover is Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) at a depth of 5 meters along 50m at three locations. The method for the capture fisheries data collection is an accidental sampling questionnaire to 30 out of 50 fishermen with a market value approach. The results of this study indicate that the economic valuation of coral capture fisheries services on Kelapa Dua Island per year for fishermen is IDR 394,800,000/US$ 25,165 (1 USD=15,688 IDR) with a coral reef coverage percentage of 12.45%. This value contributes 2.5% of the economic value of capture fisheries services of the coral reef ecosystem in the entire Kepulauan Seribu National Park. This value can be increased by increasing the diversity of types of catch, the biomass of the catch, and the selling price of the catch.

Effect of Urbanization Development on Coral Reef at Marsa Alam Coast, Southern Egyptian Red Sea

assessment and distribution of coral reefs were studied in three sites in front of Marsa Alam city, Red Sea, Egypt These sites were surveyed mainly for the sensitivity of coral reefs to tourism activities. The survey was conducted using diving equipment throughout the period 2020-2022. line intercepted transect method was used to determined corals and other benthic fauna percentage cover. The results of the current study revealed a significant degradation in the quality of coral reefs in all studied sites, compared to other studies in the Red Sea. While the percentage of live coral cover ranged from 55% in site 1 to 67.6% in site 3 Coral reefs in the studied sites are characterized by higher degraded reefs above the 2 m and 5 m depth zone. Dead coral coverage was 27.8%, 22.9% and 20.6% at sites 1, 2 and 3, respectively. However, the Newly broken colonies were highest at site 1 (2.7%) than at sites 2 (1.4 %) and site 3 (0.9 %). Shannon diversity index H` are all less than 0.70 ranging from 0.65 site 1 to 0.67 at site 3; however, Shannon evenness index J` is in the range between 0.5 site 1 and 0.8 at site 3. Berger-Parker dominance d represents higher variations between sites ranging from 0.25 at site 1 to 0.3 at site 3. Simpson diversity D has lower values ranging from 0.13 at site 1 and Canyon to 0.14 at sites 1 & 2. Margalef diversity M has higher values of diversity but in contrast to other indices, it is lowest in site 1 (0.13) and highest in sites 2 & 3 (0.14). Although Mackintosh diversity D and Mackintosh evenness index E has values lower than those of Margalef, they have a similar variation between sites having lowest values in site 1 and highest value in site 3. Mackintosh D and Mackintosh E are grouped together having the highest % similarity (97.13%), followed by Shannon H` and Shannon J` which are grouped together (92.29%). However, Simpson D and Berger-Parker are grouped together having a % similarity of 71.23%, finally Margalef index is separated in one group having the lowest % similarity with other groups. Values of indices for richness in general are lowest where the study sites recorded a recent damage. There are some variances in variety between sites in this study, which can be explained by the varying pressures that the sites are subjected to (Boumeester 2005). Site 3 is considered as the healthiest site (based on Shannon species diversity H`) while site 1 is the least healthiest of all

Marine Resource Recovery Following the COVID-19 Event in Southern Thailand

This study investigated coral and reef fish recovery following the COVID-19 event between low and high environmental disturbance reefs at Racha Yai Island, Southern Thailand. Three and four 50-m permanent line transects were set at low and high environmental reefs to collect the percent of live coral cover, fish diversity and abundance, and fish trophic-functional groups based on diet and habitat use. Our results showed a significant rise in the percentage of live coral cover, the number of individual fish, the number of fish species, and species richness at both bays following the COVID-19 lockdown due to a crucial reduction in human activities on the reef. In addition, there were increases in the number of corallivore fishes belonging to Chaetodontidae and Pomacentridae families and a reduction of omnivorous fish at the fish-feeding tourist attraction reefs due during the COVID-19 lockdown due to reducing fish-feeding tourism. This indicated that restricted human activities and reduced anthropogenic stress on a coral reef may have substantial short-term impacts on reef fish diversity. Our insights could help designate guidelines to manage tourist impacts on coral reefs and aid in their prolonged persistence. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-11-011 Full Text: PDF

The Long and Winding Road of Coral Reef Recovery in the Anthropocene: A Case Study from Puerto Rico

The persistence and resilience of marginal shallow coral reefs at their limits of environmental tolerance have declined due to chronic environmental degradation and climate change. However, the consequences for the natural recovery ability of reefs of disturbance remain poorly understood. This study considered the potential for natural recovery through coral recruitment on fringing reefs across different geographic regions under contrasting environmental conditions in Puerto Rico. Reefs in areas with significant water quality degradation and more severe physical impacts of hurricanes were expected to have lower coral recruit density and diversity, and therefore less potential for recovery. Sixteen reefs were assessed across three geographic regions. Degraded reefs sustained a lower percentage of live coral cover and had higher macroalgae and turf algae abundance. Locations affected by high PO4, NH3+ and optical brightness concentrations, high turbidity, and high sea surface temperature anomalies, chlorophyll-a concentration and light attenuation Kd490 evidenced significantly lower coral recruit density and diversity. Hurricane-decimated reefs also exhibited impoverished coral recruit assemblages. Low coral recruitment could have important long-term implications under projected climate change and sea level rise, particularly in coastal urban habitats. There is a need to implement effective environmental conservation, ecological restoration and community participation strategies that facilitate enhanced coral recruitment success and assisted recovery processes.

Laju Sedimentasi Di Perairan Ekosistem Terumbu Karang Kampung Yakore Distrik Demta Kabupaten Jayapura

Sedimentation can be one of the factors that limit coral life because it can cover coral polyps, in high numbers it can even cause coral death. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of sedimentation in the coral reef ecosystem and to determine the condition of coral reef cover in the waters of Kampung Yakore. This research was carried out from January to May 2021. The method used in this study was to collect sediment in a sediment trap for 14 days and the LIT (Line Intercept Transect) method to observe the condition of live coral cover. Data were collected at 3 stations at a depth of 3 m and 5 m. The results showed that the sedimentation rate in the waters of Kampung Yakore was moderate to very heavy where the highest sedimentation rate was at station 3 with a depth of 5 m. The sedimentation rate ranged from 30.28 – 67.74 mg/cm²/day at a depth of 3 m. Meanwhile, at a depth of 5 m, the sedimentation rate ranged from 68.30 – 133.21 mg/cm²/day. This shows that the sedimentation rate in the waters of Kampung Yakore is at a very heavy impact level. It is suspected that the high sedimentation rate is caused by the time when data collection is carried out during the rainy season so that the river discharge is getting bigger and carrying sediment to the sea. The percentage of live coral cover in the waters of Kampung Yakore was classified as "moderate" to "good" with percentages ranging from 39.28% - 71.76% at a depth of 3 m and ranging from 30.7% - 56.12% at a depth of 5 m. The highest percentage of the cover was at station 2 with a depth of 3 m, which was 71.76%.Key Words: Sedimentation Rate; Coral Reef Ecosystem; Coral Cover; Yakore VIllage

Coral Cover and Diversity Life form in Different Geomorpholgy Zone at Kampung Baru Waters, Bintan Island

The purpose of this study was to compare the percentage of cover conditions, diversity index, uniformited index and dominance index of life form coralin the zones reef flate and reef slope in Kampung Baru Lagoi, Bintan Regency. This research was conducted using the method Line Intersept Transect (LIT) with the line transect length used was 30 meters, three replications with a gap of 5 meters. The results showed, at point station 1 in the zone flate Reef the percentage of live coral cover was 36,92% are categorized as moderate. Forms the coral growth Life form were found as many 9 types of Life form hard corals namely ACB, ACT, ACE, ACS, ACD, CB, CM, CE, CS with a diversity index of 2,53 are categorized as moderate, a uniformited index of 0,80 are categorized as high, and a dominance index of 0,22 are categorized as low. At the point station 2 in the zone slope Reef the percentage of live coral cover was 50,44% are categorized as good. Forms of coral growth (Life form) were found as many as 8 types of Life form hard corals namely ACT, ACE, CB, CM, CE, CS, CF and CMR, with a diversity index of 2,13 are categorized as moderate, a uniformited index of 0,71 are categorized as high, and a dominance index of 0,30 are categorized as low.

Coral reef ecosystem health status of Paladan Islands, Indonesia: An assessment criteria using coral cover percentage

Abstract. Widodo ERS, Katili AS, Ibrahim M. 2021. Coral reef ecosystem health status of Paladan Islands, Indonesia: An assessment criteria using coral cover percentage. Indo Pac J Ocean Life 5: 8-13. This study aims to analyze the health of coral reef ecosystems in Paladan Island waters, Tojo Una-una District, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. This research is a quantitative descriptive study using roaming data collection techniques and measuring the overall length of coral reef cover in a 5x5 meter2 plot. The research was conducted for 4 months using survey methods. The percentage of live coral cover and mortality index was calculated and categorized according to coral reef health criteria reported from literature. The result showed that coral reefs in the Paladan Island waters exhibit 72.9% life coral cover with an IMK value of 0.09. A comparison of this result with the standardized coral reef health criteria indicates that the percentage coral cover is within a healthy range (50-100%) with an IMK value of ? 0, suggesting that coral reef conditions have not changed or deteriorated. Based on the value of coral cover obtained, it is suggested that the coral reef of Paladan island is still in good condition. The rapid assessment criteria reported here may be useful for monitoring of coral reef ecosystem health.

Struktur Komunitas Ikan Karang di Area Ponton Quick Silver, Perairan Toyapakeh, Nusa Penida

The availability of coral reefs as habitat is closely related to the exsistence of coral fish resources in the waters. Coral fish resources are very important for tourism, as an object sought after by tourist because of their diverse and charming colors and shapes. Reef fish abundance depends on coral cover. This research was conducted in February 2020. The percentage of coral cover was collected using the Under Water Potography Transect (UPT) method and the visual census method for reef fish communities at five research stations located in the area of the Quick Silver’s pontoon, Toyapakeh, Nusa Penida with area of 20.000 . Based on the results, the diversity index in the first data collection ranged from 3.18-3.76, which means the diversity isin the high category. On the other hand, the diversity index in the second data collections tends to decrease in the range of 2.66-3.40, which means that the diversity is in the medium to high category. The uniformity index for the first and second data collection falls into the category of distressed communities. The dominances index on the two data found inj the low category. From this research, it was also found that the percentage of live coral cover in the area of use of the Quick Silver pontoon ranged from 0.08% to 17.32%, which means that all research stations were classified as bad. These results indicate that the presence of reef fish is not only caused by live corals but also by anthropogenic activities of the pontoon, such as manual feeding by visitors. This condition applies to reef fish with omnivore eating behavior, one of which is the Pomacentridae family of the major fish group. These anthropogenic activities can change the composition of reef fish communities and increase abundance.

Status of Coral Reefs in the Water of Spermonde, Makassar, South Sulawesi

Observations of the condition of coral reefs have been carried out in Spermonde waters from 2015 to 2018. The method used in this observation uses Underwater Photo Transect (UPT), and the data obtained is analyzed using CPCe (Coral Point Count with Excel Extensions) software. The results show that the percentage of coral cover has increased from year to year. The percentage of live coral cover in 2015 was 19.64%, 23.60 in 2016, 23.72% in 2017, and 27.83% in 2018. The increase in live coral cover from year to year is thought to occur due to the availability of nutrients. or increasing public awareness, considering this location is one of the most famous tourist attractions in Makassar. Coral reef health index values can be used to classify coral reef health. Through the analysis of the coral reef health index, an index value of 4 was obtained, which means that the condition of the coral reefs is in the “moderate” category.

Red List of Ecosystems: Risk assessment of coral ecosystems in the Colombian Caribbean

Drivers of biodiversity loss have generated an increased risk of ecosystem collapse in the Anthropocene. Coral ecosystems are among the most diverse ecosystems, but at the same time also part of the most vulnerable and threatened ecosystems worldwide. This is the case of Wider and Colombian Caribbean coral ecosystems, which has a reduction of 50%, with extreme cases of 85% of their cover over the past decades. The methodology of the Red List of Ecosystems was implemented, for the first time, on the Colombian Caribbean to provide the assessment of collapse risk for coral ecosystems. To do this, the spatial and functional components of the ecosystem were analyzed using two of the Red List criteria (B and D) at three spatial scales (national, ecoregional, and biotic). For the former component, restricted distribution metrics were applied, and monitoring data of 20-year period (SIMAC) were used for the latter. Also, as a novel issue in coral functional risk assessment, macroalgae cover was considered, along with the percentage of live coral cover. The results indicated differences in the level of collapse risk depending on the spatial scale, whereby the national scale hid the most important risk dynamics of ecoregions and biotic scale overestimated the spatial risk. However, all ecosystem units at the three scales were assess from vulnerable to critically endangered, which means high-risk categories. Functional spatio-temporal analysis showed a general high-risk stability for the two variables chosen (fleshy algae cover and live corals) since 1998. These were complementary and necessary to propose the hypothesis of phase shift in the Colombian oceanic region, the area with the highest functional risk in the Colombian Caribbean. Finally, practical management recommendations were made based on the final assessment proposed by the risk map of coral ecosystems.

Marine Ecotourism Potential in Unggeh Island Tapanuli Tengah Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Highlight Calculated and assested the percentage of live coral coverIdentified reef fishes and calculated fish abundanceMeasured physical and chemical oceanography parameter Analyzed carrying capacity and suitability of Unggeh Island for tourism utilization especially marine diving and snorkeling.AbstractUnggeh Island located in the administration of the Village Sitardas Badiri District, Central Tapanuli Regency into a marine tourism area. The development of marine ecotourism Unggeh Island is an alternative to the economic improvement of so- ciety. This study aims to assess the potential of coral reef ecosystem in the form of percentage of life form coral, coral species and species and abundance of reef fish found in Unggeh Island waters of Central Tapanuli Regency and to analyze the suitability of coral reef ecosystem in Unggeh Island for tourism utilization es- pecially marine diving and snorkeling. Coral reef community data collection was done by using SCUBA divers equipment, in identifying The coral community used underwater photo transect (UPT) method, while coral fish diversity was observed by underwater visual census (UVC) method. Physical and chemical oceanography parameter data such as temperature, salinity, pH, current, transparency and DO are performed at each observation station. The survey results of coral reef observation at four stations showed different results. Percentage of live coral cover of station 1 to 4 were 25.40 %, 12.33%, 28.53%, and 25.53 respectively. Therefore, reef fishes found 36 species that consist of ten families and 423 individual fishes. The results showed that Unggeh Island was suitable (S2) for diving and snorkeling activities, with the carrying capacity was 3.054 persons/day.

The Impact of Coral Conditions on the Structure of the Megabenthos Community Associated with the Coral Reefs of the Spermonde Islands

Coral reefs are organisms that live on the bottom of the waters and are in the form of limestone (CaCO3) which is strong against sea waves so that it can prevent coastal erosion and is also a place for various types of animals associated with coral reef ecosystems that utilize coral polyps. as his food. Mega-benthos are biota / organisms with a size of more than 1 cm that live on or in the seabed, including the sticking, creeping and burrowing biota that is visible with the camera. The research was conducted using the Line Intercept Transect Method and the Benthos Reef Check Method. The results showed that the highest percentage of live coral cover was found on Badi Island 71.46% (Good coral condition category), the moderate coral condition category was represented by Kapoposang Island (46.02%) and the bad coral condition category was represented by Ballanglompo Island ( 7.92%). The highest diversity of species (H ') Mega-benthos is at station 3 (Badi Island) with the value of H' = 2.528 while the lowest is at station IV (Lumu-lumu Island) with the value of H '= 0.6365. So that the category of the megabenthos species diversity index in the research location can be said to be in the low to moderate category.

Preliminary Study of Coral Reef Conditions in Marine Park and Coral Reef Education Centre Plan Area, Seribu Islands National Park, Indonesia

Marine waters surrounding Child-friendly Integrated Public Spaces (RPTRA) at Tanjung Elang still has the potential for highly productive coral reef resources, thus enabling the development of ecological-based tourism, education and conservation. Despite the potential, the coral reefs in the surrounding of RPTRA Tanjung Elang has suffered damage caused by anthropogenic activities and natural factors. The aim of this research is to assess the initial condition of coral reef at the location of marine park areal and coral reef education center plan, RPTRA Tanjung Elang Waters, Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands National Park, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia. This research used Underwater Photo Transect/UPT method were analyzed using CPCe 4.1. software (Coral Point Count with Excel extension). The results of physico-chemical parameters measurements showed that water quality in RPTRA Tanjung Elang Waters Pramuka Island, is still within tolerance limits for coral life. The percentage of live coral cover was in a bad category with a low value (5.35%). The most dominant form of coral growth was submassive (CS) with a percentage value 54.46%. Composition of hard coral genusis consists of 3 family, 5 genus, and 100 species.The most dominant of Porites was with submassive and massive growth form. The index value of diversity shows a low category (0.56). The dominance index value showed a medium category (0.75). Uniformity and mortality index value showed a low category (0.35 and 0.43).