Percentage Of Lipid Peroxidation Research Articles

Nanoemulsions Containing Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Seed Extract for Cosmetic Applications

Mucuna pruriens is a medicinal plant whose seeds have various types of pharmacological activities and are used in many traditional medicines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemicals as well as the anti-aging, antioxidant, and moisturizing properties of seed extracts of M. pruriens var. pruriens and M. pruriens var. utilis. In addition, the best extract was selected for the development of nanoemulsions. M. pruriens var. utilis had the highest total phenolic and total flavonoid contents. It had good antioxidant activity (the IC50 of DPPH was 4.87 µg/mL, the FRAP value was 1.63 mg of FeSO4/mg of extract, and the percentage of lipid peroxidation was 80.19%) and anti-aging activity (the percentages of inhibition of hyaluronidase, collagenase, and elastase were 26.41%, 51.16%, and 22.78%, respectively). The occlusive factor was 46.12 ± 1.72. Therefore, M. pruriens var. utilis seed extract was selected for the preparation of nanoemulsions. The results showed that the size, PDI, and zeta potential of nanoemulsions containing M. pruriens var. utilis seed extract at day 30 did not significantly differ from those at day 0. In addition, the %EE was 63.46%. A study of skin permeation showed that the retention in the membrane after six hours of skin permeation study was 44.19%. Therefore, nanoemulsions containing M. pruriens var. utilis seed extract have good potential for further use in cosmetic applications.

Relationship between Sperm Parameters with Sperm Function Tests in Infertile Men with at Least One Failed Cycle after Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Cycle.

BackgroundImbalance between production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total antioxidant capacity in testis, epididymis, and seminal fluid can eventually lead to infertility. Abnormal sperm chromatin packaging, and DNA fragmentation is considered as the main underlying causes of infertility. Therefore, we aimed to assess relationship between sperm parameters with DNA damage, protamine deficiency, persistent histones, and lipid peroxidation in infertile men with at least one failed cycle after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Materials and MethodsIn this experimental study, semen samples were collected from infertile men with at least one failed intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycle (n=20). Sperm parameters, DNA damage, protamine de- ficiency, persistent histones, and lipid peroxidation were assessed using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system, sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays, chromomycin A3, aniline blue, and BODIPY C11 staining, respectively.ResultsA negative significant correlation was observed between sperm concentration with percentage of sperm persistent histones (r=-0.56, P=0.02), while positive significant correlations were found between percentage of sperm persistent histones with percentage of abnormal morphology (r=0.54, P=0.02), CMA3-positive spermatozoa (r=o.6, P=0.008) and intensity of lipid peroxidation (r=0.6, P=0.01). In addition, significant correlation was observed be- tween sperm DNA damage with intensity and percentage of lipid peroxidation (r=0.62, P=0.009). Correlation between CMA3-positive spermatozoa and intensity of lipid peroxidation (r=0.5, P=0.03) were also significant.ConclusionObserved significant correlations between sperm functional tests in infertile men with at least one failed ICSI cycle, indicated that the reduction of oxidative stress by antioxidant supplementation may be considered as one therapy approach that can improve sperm function and increase the chance of successful clinical outcomes in next assisted reproductive cycle.

Cryopreservation of epididymal cat spermatozoa: effects of in vitro antioxidative enzymes supplementation and lipid peroxidation induction

Reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation reaction, causes of sperm damage, can be diminished by action of antioxidative enzymes. This study aimed to investigate effects of (1) the antioxidative enzymes; catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, on epipididymal cat sperm quality and (2) the lipid peroxidation reaction induced by a transition metal (ferrous ion (II); Fe 2+) on sperm quality during the cryopreservation process. Epididymal spermatozoa harvested from 39 male cats were pooled and divided into 13 aliquots (n = 13). Each aliquot was resuspended with either a Tris egg yolk extender I (control; EE-I), or the Tris egg yolk extender I supplemented with 200 U/mL catalase (EE-CAT), or 10 U/mL glutathione peroxidase (EE-GPx), or 600 U/mL superoxide dismutase (EE-SOD), and then cryopreserved. After thawing, each sperm sample was subdivided into two groups; with and without lipid peroxidation induction (EE-I plus Fe 2+, EE-CAT plus Fe 2+, EE-GPx plus Fe 2+ and EE-SOD plus Fe 2+). Subjective sperm motility, membrane, and acrosome integrity were evaluated at the time of collection, after cooling, and at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h after thawing. Motility patterns assessed by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), mitochondrial activity, and DNA integrity were evaluated during post-thaw incubation, whereas percentage of lipid peroxidation was detected at 0 and 6 h after thawing. The results demonstrate that catalase supplementation reduced linear motility and subjective motility immediately and 2 h after thawing (P < 0.05). Catalase supplementation, however, improved DNA integrity at 4 h (P < 0.05). Supplementation with glutathione peroxidase, compared to the control group, had a statistically significant positive effect on subjective motility at 0 and 6 h, linear motility at 6 h, mitochondrial activity at 6 h, membrane integrity at 2 and 6 h, and DNA integrity at 4 h after thawing. Although superoxide dismutase had a positive effect on sperm membrane integrity at 2 h after thawing (P < 0.05), it significantly reduced membrane integrity after cooling, linear motility at thawing, and acrosome integrity at 2 h after thawing. None of the three selected antioxidative enzymes significantly influenced acrosome integrity and none reduced the level of lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, induction of the lipid peroxidation reaction by Fe 2+ negatively affected most of the sperm quality parameters, i.e., motility and DNA integrity, during post-thaw sperm incubation (P < 0.05). After thawing, there were, however, no significant differences between the control plus Fe 2+ and the antioxidative enzymes supplementation plus Fe 2+ groups. We can conclude that (1) glutathione peroxidase exhibits positive effects on post-thaw epididymal cat spermatozoa; but (2) none among the selected antioxidative enzymes could improve all sperm quality parameters; and (3) the lipid peroxidation reaction may be one cause of post-thaw epididymal sperm damage in cats, but the concentrations of antioxidative enzymes used in this study could not protect cat spermatozoa from lipid peroxidation induction.

Detection of Lipid Peroxidation Reaction in Frozen‐Thawed Epididymal Cat Spermatozoa Using BODIPY581/591 C11

Lipid peroxidation is considered to be an important cause of sperm membrane damage, resulting in an apparent reduction of reproductive fecundity. Recently, a new lipophilic fluorescent dye probe (BODIPY(581/591) C11; Invitrogen Singapore Pte Ltd, Singapore) has been demonstrated to be a highly sensitive indicator for the physiological oxidation of cell membrane fatty acids. The objectives of this study were: (i) to detect lipid peroxidation in frozen-thawed epididymal cat spermatozoa using the BODIPY(581/591) C11 and (ii) to study the effect of semen extender in protecting sperm membrane from lipid peroxidation [100-mm ferrous ion, ferrous sulphate (FeSO(4))]. Epididymal cat spermatozoa were collected from eight male cats. Two straws of sperm sample from each cat were cryopreserved. After thawing, the semen extender from the first straw was removed and the sperm pellet was resuspended with Tris buffer (control). The semen sample from the other straw was equally divided: one sample contained semen extender (treatment A) and one contained no extender (treatment B); both were incubated with FeSO(4). Semen samples were labelled with the BODIPY(581/591) C11 probe and evaluated by flow cytometry at 0 and 6 h after thawing (control), 6 h after the addition of FeSO(4) (treatment A), and 30 min and 6 h after the addition of FeSO(4) (treatment B), respectively. The percentage of lipid peroxidation was higher after treatment B (51.3 +/- 23.9) and 6-h incubation compared with the control and treatment A (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the percentage of lipid peroxidation after treatment B increased during the incubation time (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the high percentage of lipid peroxidation after treatment B indicated that FeSO(4) induced membrane damage in cat spermatozoa, which could be detected by BODIPY(581/591) C11. This marker is suggested to be a beneficial tool for the evaluation of lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, the use of semen extender seemed to protect cat spermatozoa membranes from lipid peroxidation.

Lipid Peroxidation in Human Spermatozoa from Men with Genitourinary Infections

A fluorescent assay was used to reveal the presence of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in spermatozoa from individuals with genitourinary infections (GI). The incidence of LPO was compared with sperm pathologies (apoptosis, immaturity, necrosis) evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and motility. A C11-BODIPY581/591 probe was used to detect and localize LPO in sperm from 34 individuals. The sperm morphological characteristics were studied by TEM and the results were mathematically assessed.Using the LPO percentage we divided the patients into four groups. Group 1 included ten patients with GI with almost normal progressive motility, a very low percentage of LPO and sperm pathology values that were not far from the standard ranges. Group 2 had eleven infected patients showing reduced motility, LPO of 10 to 20% and sperm pathologies that were just out of normal range. Group 3 included 6 infected patients with progressive motility ≤22%, low levels of LPO with a higher percentage of apoptosis and necrosis. Group 4 had 7 patients showing normal semen parameters, without GI, LPO ranged from 0% to 1% and a normal incidence of sperm pathologies. In all groups, LPO was inversely correlated with sperm motility and directly correlated with low semen quality. However, the LPO percentage was low in Group 3, in which sperm necrosis, concomitant with GI, was the predominant pathology. C11-BODIPY581/591 is a useful labeling method for quantifying and localizing LPO in spermatozoa from patients with GI. The detection of LPO could be questionable in cases of sperm necrosis because in this pathology the plasma membrane is often disrupted and the lipidic probe is unable to intercalate within the phospholipidic bilayer.