Percent Lean Body Mass Research Articles

Association between weight and body composition changes with falls risk in the Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research (MELoR) study

ObjectiveBoth changes in body composition and increased fall risk occur with increasing age. While weight management may be considered a component of falls prevention, the long-term consequences of changes in...

Body Composition, Sarcopenia, and Serum Myokines in Acromegaly: A Narrative Review.

Patients with active acromegaly have a higher percentage of lean body mass, a lower percentage of fat body mass, and an increase in their extracellular water compartment compared to healthy individuals. However, muscle function appears to be compromised in patients with acromegaly, with some experiencing worsened physical performance and sarcopenia. Myokine alterations, insulin resistance, dysregulation of protein metabolism, muscle oxidative stress, neuromuscular junction impairment, and increased ectopic intramuscular fat deposits may play roles in muscle dysfunction in patients with acromegaly.

Cardiac Structure and Function in 8- to 12-Year-Old Children Following In-Utero Exposure to Preeclampsia (FINNCARE Study).

We evaluated how elevated blood pressure in children exposed to preeclampsia (PE) impacted on their cardiac structure and function, as well as relations with maternal, gestational, and perinatal factors and child body size and composition. A total of 182 PE (46 early-onset preeclampsia) and 85 unexposed (non-PE) children were examined in the FINNCARE study 8 to 12 years after the index pregnancy with echocardiography; office, central, and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressures; and body anthropometrics and composition. PE children had lower right ventricular basal sphericity index (mean difference, -0.26 95% CI, -0.39 to -0.12) and lower mitral lateral E'-wave peak velocity (-1.4 cm/s [95% CI, -2.1 to -0.6]), as well as higher E to E' ratio (0.40 [95% CI, 0.15-0.65]) and indexed tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (0.03 [95% CI, 0.01-0.05]) compared with non-PE children. These differences were accentuated in early-onset PE children. Left ventricular mass (LVM) or left atrial volume were not different between PE and non-PE children. Lean body mass, body fat percentage, and 24-hour systolic blood pressure were independent predictors of LVM. Lean body mass and body fat percentage were independent predictors of left atrial volume. No significant associations between LVM or left atrial volume and maternal, gestational, or perinatal parameters were found. Preadolescent PE children display a more globular-shaped right ventricle with higher longitudinal systolic displacement as well as mildly altered diastolic indices, with the alterations being pronounced in early-onset preeclampsia. Lean body mass and adiposity are independently related with LVM and left atrial volume, and systolic blood pressure with LVM in both PE and non-PE children. These unfavorable associations indicate remodeling of cardiac structure in young children also reflected in mild functional changes in PE children. URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; unique identifier: NCT04676295.

Resting Metabolic Rate in Indian Adolescents and Youth with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Controlled Study

Abstract Introduction: Energy metabolism in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is known to be different. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) accounts for the largest portion of total energy needs. The objective of our study was to assess resting metabolic rate and its determinants in adolescents and young adults with T1D in comparison with age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 97 children and young adults (10–19 years) with type 1 diabetes having a disease duration of at least 1 year. For the control population, 95 age- and gender-matched healthy adolescents were enrolled. Clinical examination and biochemical evaluation of parameters pertaining to diabetes and body composition were estimated, and RMR was measured using indirect calorimetry for both cases and controls. Results: Adolescents with T1D were significantly shorter, and had significantly lower calorie intake, higher RMR and volume of oxygen consumed (VO2) as compared to the healthy controls (P < 0.05). RMR adjusted for weight showed a significant positive correlation with lean body mass (LBM) percentage, and energy intake and a negative correlation with disease duration. Those with a T1D duration of less than 5 years demonstrated a significantly higher RMR, lower body fat percentage, higher LBM percentage, carbohydrate and energy intake/kg body weight and higher calculated insulin sensitivity (IS) as compared to those with greater disease duration. Muscle mass percentage and higher energy intake were found to be significant positive predictors and advancing age/diabetes duration was a negative predictor of weight-adjusted RMR (P < 0.05), whereas IS and male gender tended towards significant negative association (P = 0.06). Conclusion: Indian children with type 1 diabetes had a higher resting metabolic rate as compared to healthy children. Muscle mass, energy intake and diabetes duration were observed to be important predictors of RMR in T1D. Reduction in RMR with advancing age/disease duration may predispose to weight gain and subsequent double diabetes in T1D.

Comparison of Some Physical Characteristics of Young Judoka and Wrestlers

Purpose: This research sought to assess and contrast the physical attributes of adolescent wrestlers and judo practitioners aged 13 to 16, aiming to identify key physical and motor skills that contribute to performance excellence in these sports. Method: A total of 30 athletes were randomly assigned to the wrestling (n=15) and judo (n=15) groups. These athletes train 4 to 6 days a week. In this study, body composition, horizontal jump test, hand grip strength, flamingo balance test, sit and reach test and shuttle run of combat athletes were evaluated. Statistical analysis was conducted utilizing the SPSS 20.0 program. Findings: Based on the results, the average age of the participants was calculated to be (13.7±1.2) for judo and (14.8±1.7) for wrestling, with their respective sports ages being (5.3±1.3) for judo and (5.6±1.2) for wrestling, and their heights being (161.1±10.7) for judo and (169.4±9.4) for wrestling. Although a significant difference was noted in the lean body mass percentage, the results of the horizontal jump, hand grip strength tests, sit and reach test, flamingo balance test and shuttle run showed no significant variance. Conclusion: The lack of a significant difference in the outcomes observed between judo participants and wrestlers in this age category can be attributed to the similarity of these sports disciplines. The follow-up of the process will provide detailed information about the physical characteristics and performances of combative athletes and will provide scientific contribution to the training and development processes of athletes in this age group.

Effect of Corrective Exercise on Static Balance, Food Consumption, and Body Composition in the Early Period After Bariatric Surgery.

To determine the impact of corrective exercise program applied during the period of rapid weight loss following bariatric surgery on static balance, dietary intake, and body composition. Participants who had undergone Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) surgery were divided into as Corrective Exercise Group (CEG), and Control Group (CG). CEG underwent a 12-week supervised corrective exercise program. Body composition and static balance of all participants were assessed before and after the study. Their physical activity levels and dietary intake were also evaluated. Following of the corrective exercise program, both groups exhibited significant reductions in body weight, BMI, fat mass, fat percentage, muscle mass, waist circumference-to-height ratio, and visceral adiposity values (p < 0.05). Additionally, the CEG showed increase in lean body mass percentage (p < 0.001). In measurements related to static balance, values for eyes-closed perimeter (p = 0.015), eyes-closed (p = 0.006), eyes-open (p = 0.028) ellipses area, average F-B speed, and eyes-open center of pressure in the X-axis (C.O.P.X.) sway distance significantly decreased in both groups (p = 0.025). However, the difference in eyes-open C.O.P.X. sway distance was found to be higher in the CG (mean difference = 8.67; p = 0.034). Postoperatively, there were significant decreases in energy, protein, fat, CHO (carbohydrate), CHO percentage, fiber, and iron values, while protein percentage (p < 0.001), vitamin D (p = 0.003), and B12 (p < 0.001) values increased. It has been observed that the corrective exercise program implemented in the early postoperative period following SG surgery had a positive impact on eyes-open static balance.

Assessment of Changes in Body Composition After 3 Months of Dulaglutide Treatment.

Changes in body composition accompanied by glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) induced weight loss have drawn much attention. However, fewer studies have reported body composition changes in patients receiving dulaglutide therapy in Chinese population. A total of 70 overweight/obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients who received dulaglutide therapy were included. Clinical data were collected. Visceral fat area (VFA) and body composition were also measured. Changes in clinical indicators and body composition of patients before and after intervention were also analyzed. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression model were used to evaluate the association between hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) and body composition. The results showed that body weight (BW), VFA, body fat (BF), lean body mass (LBM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and water content were reduced after 3 months dulaglutide intervention. The lean body mass percentage (LBMP) and skeletal muscle mass percentage (SMMP) significantly increased. Moreover, there was no significant difference in bone mineral quality (BMQ) after the intervention. The multiple linear regression model revealed that the % change in BF was independently associated with % change in HbA1c (β = 0.449, t = 3.148, p=0.002). These results indicate that dulaglutide intervention does not cause muscle and bone mass loss while inducing weight loss, and % change in BF was independently associated with improved glucose control during dulaglutide therapy. This study offers some positive results to support the clinical application of dulaglutide.

Effects of weight loss rate on myostatin and follistatin dynamics in patients with obesity.

Exercise-induced cytokines involved in controlling body composition include myostatin (MST) and follistatin (FST), both of which are influenced by physical activity. This study investigated changes in body composition and physical activity during a weight loss program, as well as the impact on serum MST and FST levels at various weight loss rates. A total of 126 patients with obesity who completed a 6-month weight loss program were divided into three groups based on weight loss rate (%): low (< 3%), middle (3-10%), and high (≥10%). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used for assessing physical activity, whereas dual X-ray absorptiometry was used to determine body composition. Serum MST and FST levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The middle and high groups showed a significant decrease in percent body fat and a significant increase in percent lean body mass and physical activity. Serum MST levels increased significantly in all three groups, although FST levels reduced significantly only in the middle group. After adjusting for sex and body composition, changes in peak oxygen intake (β = -0.359) and serum FST levels (β = -0.461) were identified as independent factors for the change in MST levels in the low group. Sex (β = -0.420) and changes in MST levels (β = -0.525) were identified as independent factors for the change in serum FST levels in the low group, whereas in the high group, sitting time (β = -0.600) during the weight loss program was identified as an independent factor for change in serum FST levels. Serum MST levels in patients with obesity increased significantly following the weight loss program, independent of weight loss rate. In contrast, serum FST levels reduced significantly only in the 3-10% weight loss group. These findings indicate that MST and FST secretion dynamics may fluctuate in response to physical activity, while also reflecting feedback regulation of body composition and metabolism during weight reduction.

CARACTERÍSTICAS ANTROPOMÉTRICAS E FISIOLÓGICAS DE REMADORES JUNIORES DE ELITE

Introduction: Rowing is a competitive sport in which men and women of all ages compete. Most of the studies reported on rowing have been carried out with young adult rowers. As it is important to have rowing experience before a senior age classification, it is necessary to study adolescent or junior athletes in this sport. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between selected physiological variables of male and female rowers and rowing performance as determined by a 2,000 m time-trial. Methods: Fifteen rowers (six males and nine females) ages 15-18 years who competed in the Hungarian Junior Rowing Championships performed a 2,000-m rowing ergometer test in the laboratory. Prior to this task, these subjects completed a measure of body size, composition and vertical jump on a force platform. Oxygen consumption was measured along with power output during the rowing ergometer trial. Results: This descriptive study of Junior Rowers identify the importance of aerobic power (rate of oxygen consumption) as a predictor of rowing performance. Since the mean Power was highly related (r = 0.99) with the time to complete the rowing distance, factors that reflect power might also be evaluated to confirm these findings. The time in the competition and time on the rowing ergometer were strongly related (r = 0.721). Excluding power in the regression analyses, oxygen consumption (VO2) and percentage lean body mass (%Lean) were identified as the significant (F=50.63, df=2,12, p &lt;0.001) predictors of performance time. No other variables were selected in the regression equations. Conclusion: The rate of oxygen consumption and lean mass in adolescent rowers need to be considered in explaining performance. Level of Evidence III; Case Control Study.

The Chinese cardiorespiratory and circulatory system at work in women and men: a case–control study

The physiology of prominent prognostic factors in the cardiorespiratory system remains unchartered in the world's largest ethnic group: Hans Chinese (HC). This study assessed and contrasted the fundamental variables in HC and European-American (EA) individuals. Healthy HC and EA adults (n=140, 43% ♀) closely matched by age, sex and physical activity were included. Body composition (DXA) and haematological variables (haemoglobin mass, blood volume (BV)) were measured at rest. Pulmonary O2 uptake (VO2) measurements along with cycle ergometry designed for accurate transthoracic echocardiography were implemented to assess cardiorespiratory structure/function up to peak effort. HC presented with higher body fat and lower lean body mass (LBM) percentage than EA irrespective of sex (P≤0.014). BV did not differ whereas blood haemoglobin concentration was lower in HC compared with EA, particularly in females (P=0.009). Myocardial diastolic and overall function at rest was enhanced in HC versus EA (P<0.001). During exercise, heart volumes and output per unit of body size did not differ between ethnicities, whereas larger heart volumes per unit of LBM were found in HC versus EA in females (P≤0.003). At high exercise intensities, VO2 (-16%) and the arteriovenous O2 difference (-28%) were markedly reduced in HC compared with EA in females (P≤0.024). In males, no physiological difference between HC and EA was observed during exercise. Notwithstanding lower LBM, HC are characterised by similar BV and cardiac capacity but reduced peak VO2 than EA in females, partly explained by low ethnic-specific blood O2 carrying capacity. Early Career Scheme (106210224, to D.M.) and Seed Fund (104006024, to D.M.).

Bone Health, Body Composition and Physiological Demands in 70-85-Year-Old Lifelong Male Football Players.

The effects of lifelong football training on bone health, body composition and physiological demands were evaluated. A total of 20 veteran football players (VPG; 73.4 ± 3.7 years) and 18 untrained age-matched men (CG; 75.6 ± 4.2 years) were enrolled. Whole-body and regional dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans of arms, legs, proximal femur and lower spine (L1-L4) were recorded in all participants. We observerd higher bone mineral density (BMD) in the whole-body, arms and femoral regions and higher bone mineral content (BMC) in the legs and lower spine compared to the CG (p < 0.05), also higher total lean body mass (p < 0.05) and lower total body fat percentage (p < 0.05), were found. No differences in food habits were evidenced between the VPG and the CG, as evaluated using 3-day food records. Resting heart rate (RHR), blood pressure (BP) and activity profile during a football match were recorded using a global positioning system only in the VPG. The mean heart rate (HR)of theoretical maximal HR (ThHRmax), and peak of ThHRmax were 83.9 ± 8.6% and 98.6 ± 10.2%, respectively; the mean of total distance covered was 3666 ± 721 m, and the means of accelerations and decelerations were 419 ± 61 and 428 ± 65, respectively. Lifelong participation in football training improves regional BMD and BMC in legs, femur and lumbar spine compared to the CG. A high number of intense actions in term of HR and accelerations and decelerations suggests an elevated energy expenditure that in turn correlates to the healthier body composition observed in the VPG compared to the CG.

Protocol for a randomized controlled trial comparing a very low-carbohydrate diet or moderate-carbohydrate plate-method diet for type 2 diabetes: the LEGEND (Lifestyle Education about Nutrition for Diabetes) trial

BackgroundOptimal carbohydrate intake is an important and controversial area in the nutritional management of type 2 diabetes. Some evidence indicates that reducing overall carbohydrate intake with a low- or very low-carbohydrate eating plan can improve glycemic control compared to following eating plans that involve greater carbohydrate intake. However, critical knowledge gaps currently prevent clear recommendations about carbohydrate intake levels.MethodsThe LEGEND (Lifestyle Education about Nutrition for Diabetes) Trial aims to compare a very low-carbohydrate diet to a moderate-carbohydrate plate-method diet for glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. This two-site trial plans to recruit 180 adults with type 2 diabetes. We will randomize participants to either a 20-session group-based diet and lifestyle intervention that teaches either a very low-carbohydrate diet or a moderate-carbohydrate plate-method diet. We will assess participants at study entry and 4 and 12 months later. The primary outcome is HbA1c, and secondary outcomes include inflammation (high sensitivity C-reactive protein), body weight, changes in diabetes medications, lipids (small particle LDL, HDL, triglycerides), skeletal metabolism (bone mineral density from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and bone turnover markers serum procollagen type I N propeptide and serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen), and body composition (percent body fat, percent lean body mass).DiscussionThe LEGEND trial is a randomized controlled trial to assess optimal carbohydrate intake in type 2 diabetes by evaluating the effects of a very low-carbohydrate diet vs. a moderate-carbohydrate plate-method diet over a year-long period. The research addresses important gaps in the evidence base for the nutritional management of type 2 diabetes by providing data on potential benefits and adverse effects of different levels of carbohydrate intake.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05237128. Registered on February 11, 2022

The effects of community-based exercise modalities and volume on musculoskeletal health and functions in elderly people.

The effects of different muscle loading exercise (MLEX) modes and volume on musculoskeletal health is not well-studied in older populations. Aim: Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of community-based MLEX modalities and volume on musculoskeletal health in elderly people. Methods: Elderly men (n = 86) and women (n = 170), age 50-82 years old, were assigned to the sedentary (SE, n = 60), muscle strengthening exercise (MSE, n = 71), aerobic exercise (AE, n = 62) and Tai Chi exercise (TCE, n = 63) groups, based on > 2 years of exercise history. Exercise volume was compared between "Minimum" ("Min" < 60min/week), "Low" (60-120min/week). "Moderate" (121-239min/week) and "High" (240-720min/week) volumes. Results: All three modes of MLEX were associated with lower percentage of body fat (BF%) and higher percentage of lean body mass (LBM%, p = 0.003 main effect of group, and p = 0.002 main effect of volume for both BF% and LBM%), but not with higher bone mineral density (BMD, total body, lumbar spine, total hip and neck of femur), than SE. TCE had a distinct advantage in trunk flexibility (p = 0.007 with MSE, p = 0.02 with AE, and p = 0.01 with SE), and both TCE (p = 0.03) and AE (p = 0.03) performed better than SE in the one-leg stand balance test. Isometric strength and throwing speed and peak power with a 2kg power ball were higher in the MLEX than SE groups (p = 0.01), in the ranking order of MSE, AE and TCE. However, there was no difference in handgrip strength performance between the MLEX groups, which performed better than the SE participants. Accumulating >120min/week of MLEX can promote body composition health and muscle functions, but 60min/week of MSE alone may have equal or better outcomes in these parameters. Conclusion: Community-based MLEX classes may be used to mitigate age-related chronic disease that are associated with body composition and muscular functions.

Effect of Fenugreek Seeds and Its Bioactive Compounds on High Fructose High Fat Diet Induced Abnormalities in Sprague Dawley Rats

Fenugreek seeds are rich in various essential compounds and these components play a significant role in healing and treating diseases by regulating several biological activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the metabolic effects of fenugreek seed (FS) and its bioactive compounds such as Fenu pulse (FP), Fenu fiber (FF), Diosgenin (Dsg) in High Fructose High Fat (HFHF) induced diabetic rats.After hyperglycemia was confirmed in HFHF rats compared with controls, further HFHF groups were supplemented with FS, FP, FF, Dsg, and combinations of these compounds. The HFHF diet was given for 4 months which increased the body weight, body fat percentage, and decreased lean body mass (LBM) and fat-free mass (FFM) percentage compared with controls rats. The diet combination was continued for another four months and it did not show any further effect on their body composition. There was a significant but marginal effect on fasting glucose and insulin, so the animals did not have overt hyperglycemia, let alone be diabetic. The FS or its components individually or in combination within a diet-induced rat model of diabetes showed no significant antidiabetic effect (glucose tolerance/metabolic parameters), both in the fasting and fed states wherein it elevated the levels of total and HDL cholesterol but not triglycerides (TG) upon continuous feeding for four months. The reduced effect of FS and its components appears due to moderate hyperglycemia in the HFHF rats.

성별에 따른 아동의 체구성성분과 RMR의 차이

The purpose of this study was to identify differences in body composition and RMR according to gender in children with an average age of 6-8 years. The study was conducted on healthy children without disease. Metrics were fat mass, body fat percentage, lean body mass, lean body mass percentage, muscle mass, and RMR. The results showed no significant difference between groups in the case of body fat percentage and lean body mass. There was also no significant difference between sexes in lean mass, muscle mass, and protein mass. RMR also showed no significant difference between sexes. In conclusion, in children aged 6-8 years, the difference in body composition according to sex did not appear as a whole. This is a different result from the differences in body composition according to gender in adults, so children are required to interpret and cope with body composition from a different perspective than adults. In order to identify more clear studies, it is necessary to further subdivide age and identify differences according to gender.

Effects of weight loss and feeding specially formulated diets on the body composition, blood metabolite profiles, voluntary physical activity, and fecal metabolites and microbiota of obese dogs.

Canine obesity negatively influences health and well-being, but can be managed by altering diet composition and caloric intake. Restricted feeding, dietary intervention, and consequent weight loss may be used to improve health and modify gastrointestinal microbiota. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of restricted feeding of specially formulated foods on weight loss, body composition, voluntary physical activity, serum hormones and oxidative stress markers, and fecal metabolites and microbiota populations of obese dogs. Twenty-four obese dogs [body weight (BW) = 15.2 ± 1.7 kg; body condition score (BCS) = 8.7 ± 0.4; muscle condition score (MCS) = 3.5 ± 0.3; age = 7.2 ± 1.6 yr] were used in a 24-wk study. A control (OR) food was fed during a 4-wk baseline to identify intake needed to maintain BW. After baseline, dogs were allotted to one of two diets: OR or test (FT), and then fed to lose 1.5% BW/wk. Food intake, BW, BCS, and MCS were measured, blood and fecal samples were collected, DEXA scans were performed, and voluntary physical activity was measured over time. Microbiota data were evaluated using QIIME2 and change from baseline data from other measures were evaluated using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS, with P < 0.05 being significant. Restricted feeding led to reduced BW, BCS, fat mass, and blood cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, and leptin concentrations, and increased MCS and lean body mass percentage. Blood cholesterol reduction was greater in dogs fed FT vs. OR. Fecal metabolites and bacterial alpha-diversity were affected by diet and weight loss. Dogs fed FT had greater reductions in fecal short-chain fatty acid, branched-chain fatty acid, and ammonia concentrations than those fed OR. Dogs fed OR had a higher alpha-diversity than those fed FT. Weight loss increased alpha-diversity (weeks 16, 20, and 24 > weeks 0 and 4). Beta-diversity showed separation between dietary groups and between week 0 and all other time points after week 8. Weight loss increased fecal Allobaculum and Ruminococcus torques. Weight loss also increased fecal Bifidobacterium, Faecalibaculum, and Parasutterella, but were greater in dogs fed OR. Weight loss decreased fecal Collinsella, Turicibacter, Blautia, Ruminococcus gnavus, Faecalibacterium, and Peptoclostridium, but were greater in dogs fed OR. In summary, restricted feeding promoted safe weight and fat loss, reduced blood lipid and leptin concentrations, and altered fecal microbiota of obese dogs.

The impact of obesity on static and proactive balance and gait patterns in sarcopenic older adults: an analytical cross-sectional investigation.

Obesity is increasingly recognized as a significant factor in the susceptibility of older adults to falls and related injuries. While existing literature has established a connection between obesity and reduced postural stability during stationary stances, the direct implications of obesity on walking dynamics, particularly among the older adults with sarcopenia, are not yet comprehensively understood. Firstly, to investigate the influence of obesity on steady-state and proactive balance, as well as gait characteristics, among older adults with sarcopenic obesity (SO); and secondly, to unearth correlations between anthropometric characteristics and balance and gait parameters in the same demographic. A cohort of 42 participants was categorized into control (CG; n = 22; age = 81.1 ± 4.0 years; BMI = 24.9 ± 0.6 kg/m²) and sarcopenic obese (SOG; n = 20; age = 77.7 ± 2.9 years; BMI = 34.5 ± 3.2 kg/m²) groups based on body mass index (BMI, kg/m²). Participants were assessed for anthropometric data, body mass, fat and lean body mass percentages (%), and BMI. Steady-state balance was gauged using the Romberg Test (ROM). Proactive balance evaluations employed the Functional Reach (FRT) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests. The 10-m walking test elucidated spatiotemporal gait metrics, including cadence, speed, stride length, stride time, and specific bilateral spatiotemporal components (stance, swing, 1st and 2nd double support, and single support phases) expressed as percentages of the gait cycle. The time taken to complete the TUG and ROM tests was significantly shorter in the CG compared to the SOG (p < 0.05). In contrast, the FRT revealed a shorter distance achieved in the SOG compared to the CG (p < 0.05). The CG exhibited a higher gait speed compared to the SOG (p < 0.05), with shorter stride and step lengths observed in the SOG compared to the CG (p < 0.05). Regarding gait cycle phases, the support phase was longer, and the swing phase was shorter in the SOG compared to the CG group (p < 0.05). LBM (%) showed the strongest positive correlation with the ROM (r = 0.77, p < 0.001), gait speed (r = 0.85, p < 0.001), TUG (r = -0.80, p < 0.001) and FRT (r = 0.74, p < 0.001). Obesity induces added complexities for older adults with sarcopenia, particularly during the regulation of steady-state and proactive balance and gait. The percentage of lean body mass has emerged as a crucial determinant, highlighting a significant impact of reduced muscle mass on the observed alterations in static postural control and gait among older adults with SO.

Evaluation of nutritional status and adherence to dietary monitoring among patients with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 infection.

The nutritional status of people infected with Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is rarely studied. Malnutrition affects the immune system, but the consequences of this remain unknown in HTLV-1 infection. This study aimed to analyze the nutritional status, food intake, and ability to adhere to dietary counseling in people with symptomatic HTLV-1 infection. This was a longitudinal, prospective, observational study in which the nutritional status of people with symptomatic HTLV-1 was monitored between June 2016 and August 2019at a referral center. At the baseline (day 0) and last stage (day 90) anthropometric, bioimpedance, and dietary assessments were performed. In total, 71 participants with symptomatic HTLV-1 infection were enrolled, the majority (43, 60.6%) of whom were female. The mean age was 59.2 (±11.1) years. Participants were often overweight or obese (40, 56.3%) had a BMI above 25kg/m2. The average consumption of recommended fibers and liquids was positively associated with percent lean body mass (%LM). Most participants who were overweight (36.6%) or obese (19.70%) and their nutritional status and eating behavior did not change during the follow-up period. Dietary counseling was unable to promote a change in the monotony of the existing eating habits. Participants with good adherence to nutritional guidelines had higher dietary diversity scores. A high proportion of participants were overweight or obese. Adherence to dietary counseling was low, and its success was limited in improving dietary diversity/nutritional status. Loss to follow-up was a limitation of this study.

Higher body mass and fat composition are related to 1‐year cerebral amyloid accumulation in individuals with elevated risk for Alzheimer’ disease

AbstractBackgroundAmyloid‐β is a classical hallmark and risk factor for development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Observational data suggest that having higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with lower cerebral amyloid burden in cognitively normal adults. However, the influence of body composition on cerebral amyloid deposition has not been investigated. We investigated whether baseline body composition influences 1‐year change in cerebral amyloid in a sample enriched with older adults with elevated amyloid.MethodData from 103 cognitively normal adults with high normal or elevated cerebral amyloid that participated in a 1‐year exercise RCT were analyzed. Cerebral amyloid burden was quantified in 6 cortical regions of interest by Florbetapir F18 PET. Global amyloid burden was calculated by averaging the 6 regions. Total lean body mass and fat mass percentages were measured using DXA. We constructed ordinary least squares regression models to investigate the relationship between our baseline measures of body composition and 1‐year change in regional and global amyloid. All models included age, APOE4 carrier status, study arm, sex, and baseline regional amyloid standard uptake value ratios as covariates.ResultParticipants were 67% female with a mean age of 72.4 ± 5.0 years. Mean BMI was 28.0 ± 5.4, lean body mass percentage was 61% ± 7.5%, and fat mass percentage was 38% ± 7.1%. Higher BMI was related to less 1‐year amyloid accumulation in 5 regions (anterior cingulate gyrus, precuneus, inferior medial frontal gyrus, lateral temporal lobe, and superior parietal lobe) and globally (β range = ‐0.003 to ‐0.004, p&lt;0.03 for all). Higher fat mass percentage was related to less amyloid accumulation in all 6 brain regions and the global average (β range = ‐0.25 to ‐0.34, p&lt;0.03 for all). Higher lean body mass percentage was related to less amyloid accumulation in the lateral temporal lobe (β = ‐0.003, p = 0.01).ConclusionIn this study, having larger body stature and higher fat mass percentage were related to less amyloid accumulation in individuals with elevated risk for AD. Further studies are necessary to explore these relationships in greater detail and to ascertain if these findings are modulated by other biological variables.

Nutrition and somatic traits of women with different physical activity and various menstrual status

Background. There are publications which indicate a relationship between dietary pattern and somatic traits. Others report on link between somatic traits and physical activity. However, sparse studies discuss relationship between these three factors, i.e. nutrition, somatic traits and physical activity.&#x0D; Objectives. This survey aimed to analyze relationships between nutrition (amount and source of energy in food) and somatic traits (body height, body mass, fat content of the body) of women with different physical activity and various menstrual status.&#x0D; Material and methods. Investigations covered 312 women who were assessed for: somatic traits, average daily energy consumption and percentage contribution of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in providing energy. The physical activity was assessed by computing the physical activity index (PAI) being a ratio of daily energy expenditure (DEE) to basal metabolic rate (BMR). Among the women two groups were distinguished based on centile charts of the PAI developed for a given population, i.e.: women with a low (PAI≤10 cpts) and women with a high (PAI≥90 cpts) level of physical activity.&#x0D; Results. The highly physically active women were characterized by a lower body fat content, lower BMI values, and higher percentage of lean body mass compared to the women with a low level of physical activity. The highly active women showed a tendency for an increased consumption of whole-meal bread, milk and dairy products, vegetables (including potatoes), fruits, and sweets as well as a tendency for a reduced consumption of meat and processed meat products, both types of butter, and lard, compared to the little active women.&#x0D; Conclusions. It seems that the physical activity of the women had a direct impact on their nutrition. In turn, by affecting the somatic traits (body mass and composition), their eating habits could influence their physical activity.