Independent Percentage Research Articles

The Use of Loose-Part to Improve Early Childhood Self-Sufficiency

This research aims to increase independence by using loose parts. The research subjects were children aged 4-5 years, totaling 16 children. The research procedure includes planning, implementation of action, observation, and reflection of each cycle-given action in five meetings. This improvement data was collected using observation techniques and analyzed descriptively, quantitatively and qualitatively. The results show that loose play can increase the independence of children aged 4-5 years. These results are indicated by an increase in the percentage of independence in action from pre-cycle to cycle 1 by 20.84%, then from cycle 1 to cycle 2 increased by 30.73%, and the average percentage of children's independence in cycle 2 was 84.38%. The results of this study can be used as a reference by kindergarten teachers in improving classroom learning related to children's self-sufficiency.

Robustness of weighted goal programming models: an analytical measure and its application to offshore wind-farm site selection in United Kingdom

This paper proposes a method to measure robustness of weighted goal programming (WGP) models by focusing on random percentage changes in the set of observed technological coefficients that characterize the goal equations. The issue under consideration is to estimate the impact of the random percentage changes on the WGP deviations from the goal targets, the solution to the model before changes being kept equal. Normally distributed and independent percentage changes are assumed. As a result, a measure of robustness is obtained dependent on the parameters of the model, standard deviations of percentage changes, and the solution to the model before changes. A demonstration of the proposed robustness measure on an offshore wind-farm site location model from the literature is developed. The results indicate that robustness of proposed solution to the energy project is high. Conclusions are drawn as to the practicality and usage of the proposed model in comparison to other methodologies for handling uncertainty within the goal programming model.

Demography and Function of Children with Limb Loss

This retrospective study was designed for the period 1982-2002 to collect the basic data on the demography, level and side of the amputation, involved limbs, age, gender, and prosthetic functional level in children with limb loss. A total of 232 children were assessed through their prosthetic records. Seventy-two percent (195 children) presented lower-limb involvement, and 28% (77 children) had upper-limb loss. The age of the children varied between 1 and 15 years with a mean age of 9.90 +/- 2.32 years. Results of the study revealed that the leading amputation cause in children was congenital limb absence. The most frequent levels were determined as trans-tibial and trans-radial in lower and upper limbs, respectively. Findings showed that more boys (60%) were affected, and 84% of all amputations were found to be unilateral. It was also seen that right-side amputations (54%) were more common than left-side amputations (46%). The outcome of the study showed that 96% of children with lower-limb loss reached a functional gait pattern without any aids, while the percentage of independence in activities of daily living was found to be 88% in upper-limb loss.