Carcass Fat Percentage Research Articles

Role of Metabolomics and Metagenomics in the Replacement of the High-Concentrate Diet with a High-Fiber Diet for Growing Yushan Pigs

The objective of this study was to investigate the regulatory effects of a high-fiber content feed on the productive performance, meat quality, and fat acid composition. A total of 18 120-day-old Yushan pigs with similar initial body weight were randomly allotted into high-concentrate diet (high energy, HE) and high-fiber diet (low energy, LE) treatments for the determination of regulatory effects on productive performance, meat quality, and fatty acid content. Further, blood metabolomic, gut microbiota, and liver energy-related gene expression measurements were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Results showed that the LE treatment significantly increased ADFI while decreasing carcass weight, fat percentage, and IMF. Metabolomic results showed that the high-fiber treatment significantly down-regulated metabolites that participated in lipid metabolism such as cyclic ADP-ribose and hippuric acid, while up-regulated metabolites were mainly enriched in nitrogen metabolism such as DL-arginine and propionylcarnitine (p < 0.05). Microbial results showed relative abundances of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are significantly proliferated in the high-fiber feeding treatments (p < 0.05). Transcriptomic results showed that genes mainly enriched into the lipid metabolism are significantly up-regulated under the high-fiber dietary treatment (p < 0.05). Conclusion: higher dietary fiber significantly reduced dietary energy provision, effectively decreased the backfat and abdominal fat content of Yushan pigs through proliferating intestinal fiber-degradable bacteria, and up-regulating the hepatic lipolysis-related gene expression.

Feed Type and Level of Viterna on Body Weight, Percentage of Carcass, Non-Carcass and Abdominal Fat of Broiler Chickens

This study aims to examine the effects of different types of feed and level of viterna on the final body weight, carcass percentage, non-carcass, and abdominal fat of broiler chickens. The method used was a 2x4 factorial Completely Randomized Design. The first factor was 2 types of commercial feeds (J1=A and J2=B). The second factor was 4 levels viterna (P0=0cc; P1=1.5cc; P2=3cc; P3=4.5cc/l drinking water). There were 8 treatment combinations with 4 replications, and each replicate consist of 4 chickens, a total of 128 broilers was used. The treatment combinations were as follows: J1P0=feed A without viterna in drinking water, J1P1= feed A+1.5cc viterna/l water, J1P2 = feed A+ 3cc viterna/l water, J1P3= feed A + 4.5cc viterna/l water, J2P0 = feed B without viterna in drinking water, J2P1= feed B + 1.5cc viterna/l water, J2P2=feed B + 3cc viterna/l water, J2P3= feed B + 4.5cc viterna/l water. The measured variables were final body weight, carcass percentage, non-carcass, and abdominal fat. Data were analyzed using a variance test at a significance level of 5%, treatments that were significant (P≤0.05) followed by the Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that there was no interaction (P>0.05) between feed type and viterna level on all parameters. In conclusion, differences in the type of feed, and viterna level, also interaction between the two factors did not make a difference to the final weight, percentage of carcass, non-carcass, and abdominal fat of broiler chickens.

Integrated analyses of the methylome and transcriptome to unravel sex differences in the perirenal fat from suckling lambs.

In sheep, differences were observed regarding fat accumulation and fatty acid (FA) composition between males and females, which may impact the quality and organoleptic characteristics of the meat. The integration of different omics technologies is a relevant approach for investigating biological and genetic mechanisms associated with complex traits. Here, the perirenal tissue of six male and six female Assaf suckling lambs was evaluated using RNA sequencing and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS). A multiomic discriminant analysis using multiblock (s)PLS-DA allowed the identification of 314 genes and 627 differentially methylated regions (within these genes), which perfectly discriminate between males and females. These candidate genes overlapped with previously reported QTLs for carcass fat volume and percentage of different FAs in milk and meat from sheep. Additionally, differentially coexpressed (DcoExp) modules of genes between males (nine) and females (three) were identified that harbour 22 of these selected genes. Interestingly, these DcoExp were significantly correlated with fat percentage in different deposits (renal, pelvic, subcutaneous and intramuscular) and were associated with relevant biological processes for adipogenesis, adipocyte differentiation, fat volume and FA composition. Consequently, these genes may potentially impact adiposity and meat quality traits in a sex-specific manner, such as juiciness, tenderness and flavour.

Evaluating of The Addition Coconut Pulp (Cocos Nucifera L) Fermentation in Feed and The Effect on Percentage of Carcass Broiler Chicken

Broilers are chickens with high meat production. The productivity of broiler is seen from the percentage of carcass and abdominal fat. This study aims to determine the effect of giving fermented coconut pulp (Cocos nucifera L) on the percentage of carcass and abdominal fat of broilers. This study used a completely randomized design experimental method (CRD) consisting of 6 treatments and 6 replications so that the total observations were 36 units of observation. Each treatment had P1: 100% commercial feed without fermented coconut dregs, P2: 90% commercial feed + 10% fermented coconut dregs, P3: 80% commercial feed + 20% fermented coconut dregs, P4: 70% commercial feed + 30 % fermented coconut dregs, P5: 60% commercial feed + 40% fermented coconut dregs, P6 : 50% commercial feed + 50% fermented coconut dregs. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance which was preceded by the battle test, followed by the Tukey test using the SPSS program. The analysis of variance showed significantly different results (P0.05) on the percentage of carcass and abdominal fat of the broiler. Tukey's follow-up test on the carcass showed a significant difference (P0.05) and there was no significant difference in fat (P0.05). It can be concluded that the supplementary feed of fermented coconut pulp can be used 40% as additional feed to increase the carcass percentage but not reduce the broiler abdominal fat percentage.

Genome-wide association study identifying genetic variants associated with carcass backfat thickness, lean percentage and fat percentage in a four-way crossbred pig population using SLAF-seq technology

BackgroundCarcass backfat thickness (BFT), carcass lean percentage (CLP) and carcass fat percentage (CFP) are important to the commercial pig industry. Nevertheless, the genetic architecture of BFT, CLP and CFP is still elusive. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) to analyze seven fatness-related traits, including five BFTs, CLP, and CFP on 223 four-way crossbred pigs.ResultsA total of 227, 921 highly consistent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) evenly distributed throughout the genome were used to perform GWAS. Using the mixed linear model (MLM), a total of 20 SNP loci significantly related to these traits were identified on ten Sus scrofa chromosomes (SSC), of which 10 SNPs were located in previously reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions. On SSC7, two SNPs (SSC7:29,503,670 and rs1112937671) for average backfat thickness (ABFT) exceeded 1% and 10% Bonferroni genome-wide significance levels, respectively. These two SNP loci were located within an intron region of the COL21A1 gene, which was a protein-coding gene that played an important role in the porcine backfat deposition by affecting extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. In addition, based on the other three significant SNPs on SSC7, five candidate genes, ZNF184, ZNF391, HMGA1, GRM4 and NUDT3 were proposed to influence BFT. On SSC9, two SNPs for backfat thickness at 6–7 ribs (67RBFT) and one SNP for CLP were in the same locus region (19 kb interval). These three SNPs were located in the PGM2L1 gene, which encoded a protein that played an indispensable role in glycogen metabolism, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis as a key enzyme. Finally, one significant SNP on SSC14 for CLP was located within the PLBD2 gene, which participated in the lipid catabolic process.ConclusionsA total of two regions on SSC7 and SSC9 and eight potential candidate genes were found for fatness-related traits in pigs. The results of this GWAS based on SLAF-seq will greatly advance our understanding of the genetic architecture of BFT, CLP, and CFP traits. These identified SNP loci and candidate genes might serve as a biological basis for improving the important fatness-related traits of pigs.

Effects of Bypass Fat on Buffalo Carcass Characteristics, Meat Nutrient Contents and Profitability.

Simple SummaryBypass fat supplementation has been shown to influence the carcass and meat qualities of large ruminants, especially cattle. However, limited information is available on the influence of bypass fat on carcass characteristics and the meat proximate and fatty acid compositions of buffaloes. The objective of this study was to evaluate both the effects of bypass fat on carcass traits and meat proximate and fatty acid compositions, and the profitability of Murrah cross and swamp buffaloes. Bypass fat supplementation improved the proximate and fatty acid compositions of buffalo meat without affecting the carcass characteristics. Although the mixture of the concentrate and bypass fat supplement (26:4) used in this study was found to increase the feed cost, the eventual overall returns resulted in a greater profit.The deposition and distribution of buffalo body fats play a vital role in the quality of the buffalo carcass and are of great commercial value, since the carcass quality influences the profitability and consumer acceptability of ruminant meat. The current study examined the effect a mixture of 4% bypass fat and 26% concentrate supplementations in buffalo basal diet had on both the carcass characteristics and the proximate and fatty acid composition in longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL), supraspinatus (SS) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles of Murrah cross and swamp buffaloes. In addition, profit and loss analyses were performed to determine the profitability. This study employed a completely randomized 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two diets, two breeds and four replicates per treatment. A total of sixteen buffaloes (eight buffaloes per breed, bodyweight 98.64 ± 1.93 kg) were randomly assigned into two dietary groups. The first group was given Diet A, which consisted of 70% Brachiaria decumbens + 30% concentrate, whereas the second group was given Diet B, which consisted of 70% Brachiaria decumbens + 26% concentrate + 4% bypass fat. The buffaloes were fed for 730 days before slaughter. The results showed that supplemented bypass fat significantly (p < 0.05) increased the pre-slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weights, meat:fat ratio, pH at 24 h, moisture and crude protein of LTL, ST and SS, the ether extract of LTL and ST and the meat fatty acid of C16:0, C16:1, C18:1, PUFA n-6/n-3 and total MUFA. The carcass yield and carcass fat percentages, the ash content in ST, the EE in the SS muscle and the meat fatty acid of C18:3, total PUFA n-3, UFA/SFA and PUFA/SFA were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased. Furthermore, Murrah cross showed a significantly (p < 0.05) higher pre-slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weights, carcass bone percentage and total fatty acid, but a lower (p < 0.05) meat:bone ratio, ash of LTL and CP of LTL and ST when compared to swamp buffaloes. No significant changes were found in the proximate composition of different types of muscle, but the ST muscle revealed significantly high C14:0, C16:0 and C18:1, and the SS muscle had high C18:2 and total fatty acid (p < 0.05). Supplementing using bypass fat increased the cost of buffalo feeding but resulted in a higher revenue and net profit. In conclusion, the concentrate and bypass fat supplementations in the buffalo diet could alter the nutrient compositions of buffalo meat without a detrimental effect on carcass characteristics, leading to a higher profit.

The effect of Curcuma zedoaria on feed efficiency of Kampung Super chicken

The purpose was to analyze the effect of curcuma zedoaria on feed efficiency of Kampung Super chicken and to explore the best level of curcuma zedoaria addition in the feed. This research was conducted for 57 days in UMM closed house with battery cage system. The material was 100 day old chick (DOC) of Kampung Super chicken. Experimental method was used in this research by completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were (TO) feed control without Curcuma zedoaria, (T1): feed with 1% Curcuma zedoaria (T2): feed with 2% Curcuma zedoaria (T3): feed with 3% Curcuma zedoaria. Variables observed were feed efficiency, income over feed cost (IOFC), carcass and abdominal fat percentage. The data were analyzed by ANOVA. Conclusions from the results of the research were that Curcuma zedoaria had no significant effect on feed efficiency and percentage of carcass weight, but Curcuma zedoaria had a significant effect on IOFC and the percentage of abdominal fat weight in the Kampung Super chicken. The highest treatment was Curcuma zedoaria 0% for IOFC while treatment of Curcuma zedoaria 1% produces the lowest percentage of abdominal fat weight.

SNP Association in the Leptin Gene and Beef Quality Traits in Indigenous Sudanese Baggara Cattle

The present study was conducted on 112 Sudanese Baggara bulls (Nyalawi and Mesairi strains) from two separate locations in Darfur and Kordofan, Sudan, raised under dryland farming conditions. A single nucleotide polymorphism (C/T) Arg25Cys in exon 2 of the bovine leptin gene (NC_032653.1) was studied and the association of leptin genotypes with meat quality attributes was evaluated for these two Sudanese Baggara cattle strains which comprise the mainstay of Sudan export and local beef trade. The accuracy of genotyping was checked through PCR-RFLP technique followed by DNA sequencing and analyzed using BioEdit, MEGA6 and project Hope softwares. The genotype frequencies for CC, CT and TT genotypes in Nyalawi strain were 37.5, 39.3 and 23.2%, respectively, whereas the respective genotypic frequencies for Mesairi strain were 46.4, 28.6 and 25%. Significant differences (P&lt;0.05) were found in hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, Myofibril fragmentation index (MFI), water holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss, moisture and fat between the two Baggara cattle strains. Association between the C&gt;T SNP at the leptin gene and carcass weight, dressing and fat percentages was significant (P&lt;0.05). It was concluded that Leptin gene polymorphisms contributed to the observed meat quality differences among these Sudanese cattle strains. This will allow for the use of molecular information in future selection of beef cattle in Sudan. The possible value of the leptin gene and its polymorphisms have been elucidated for the first time in Baggara cattle.

Aerobic exercise attenuates the effects of ovariectomy and sedentarism on body composition and food intake in female rats

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the impact of low to moderate aerobic exercise and ovariectomy on body composition and food consumption in female rats. Methods Forty adult Wistar female rats (age: 23 weeks; body weight: 275.2±3.6g; mean±SEM) were divided into 4 groups (n=10): laparotomy-sedentary; laparotomy-exercised; ovariectomy-sedentary; and ovariectomy-exercised. The exercised groups were submitted to a treadmill running program (16m/min; 30min/day, 5 days/week), for 8 weeks. Body weight and food consumption were monitored during the experiment. Visceral fat and carcass water, protein, ash, fat and carbohydrate fractions were analyzed. Two-way ANOVA plus the Tukey’s post hoc test was used for comparisons and p&lt;0.05 was considered significant. Results The ovariectomized (ovariectomy-sedentary+ovariectomy-exercised) and sedentary (laparotomy-sedentary+ovariectomy-sedentary) animals showed higher (p&lt;0.05) weight gain, food consumption, food efficiency ratio and weight gain/body weight ratio than laparotomy animals (laparotomy-sedentary+laparotomy-exercised) and exercised (exercised laparotomy+exercised ovariectomy), respectively. The ovariectomized and sedentary animals showed higher (p&lt;0.05) carcass weight, fat percentage and visceral fat than laparotomy and exercised rats, respectively. Conclusion Ovariectomy and physical inactivity increase obesogenic indicators, whereas regular aerobic exercise of low to moderate intensity attenuates these unfavorable effects in female rats.

PSIX-24 Comparison of serial real-time A-mode vs. B-mode ultrasound fat depth measures on prediction of final carcass value endpoints

Abstract Charolais x Angus steers (n = 80) were evaluated across a 378-day feeding period in response to administration of a growth promoting implant containing trenbolone acetate (TBA) and estradiol (E2) using A-mode and B-mode ultrasound. Steers were scanned at 42-d intervals (0, 42, 84, 126, 168, 210, 252, 294, 336) during 10 separate ultrasound scanning sessions 24-h prior to harvest. Ultrasound B-mode rump fat images (BRFU) were obtained by a certified Ultrasound Guidelines Council (UGC) technician using an ALOKA 500V console equipped with a 17.2 cm carcass probe. Ultrasound A-mode images (ARFU) were obtained by a non-UGC certified technician using a RENCO Lean Meater. Images of BRFU were analyzed by the CUP lab whereas ARFU image results were determined chute side by the scanning technician. Carcasses were dissected into total lean, fat and bone post-harvest. Rump fat thickness ultrasound measurements were compared to carcass traits used to determine carcass value. Carcass endpoints included 12th–rib fat thickness (FTC), 12th rib-eye area (REAC), marbling score (MARB), and total percentage of carcass fat (PCF). The correlation between BRFU and ARFU was 0.70 (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Positive correlations (P &amp;lt; 0.01) between ultrasound rump fat measures taken the day before harvest and carcass measurements indicated moderate relationships between BRFU and FTC (r=0.80); BRFU and REAC (r=0.66); BRFU and MARB (r=0.68); BRFU and PCF (r=0.75); ARFU and FTC (r=0.69); ARFU and REAC (r=0.76); ARFU and MARB (r=0.79); and ARFU and PCF (r=0.80). These results indicate A- and B-mode ultrasound measures of rump fat may be adequate measures for estimation of total percent carcass fat.

10.4314/sajas.v40i5.65262

In a 2 x 2 factorial design, attainment of puberty in 32 Black Indigenous (BI) and 60 SA Landrace (SAL) gilts was studied under the effects of two treatment diets fed individually ad libitum. Treatment 1 contained 160 g CP and 13.6 MJ DE/kg DM, and Treatment 2, a 25% dilute of Treatment 1 using wood shavings, contained 120 g CP and 10.2 MJ DE/kg DM. Target weights set for BI gilts were from 10 to 50 kg and for SAL, 15 to 120 kg. A sample was slaughtered at each target weight. Reproductive organs were removed, measured and the number, size and physiological state of follicles recorded. Carcasses were deboned and the soft tissue analysed for moisture, protein and fat content. Treatments affected growth significantly. Cumulative mass (lnkg) was regressed against cumulative ME intake (lnME) with b the allometric coefficient in a linear autoregressive model. A change in b indicated a change or breakpoint of physiological development. Puberty was taken to coincide with the breakpoint. Age and weight at puberty differed by treatment for each genotype. Estimated live weight fat (percentage) and carcass fat (percentage) at these ages show a close range between genotypes and treatment diets.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN TEPUNG DAUN PEPAYA (Carica Papaya l) SEBAGAI PENGGANTI SEBAGIAN RANSUM BASAL TERHADAP PERSENTASE KARKAS DAN PERSENTASE LEMAK ABDOMEN AYAM PEDAGING

THE EFFECT OF THE USE OF PAPAYA LEAVES SUBSTITUTED TO BASAL DIET ON THE PERCENTAGE OF CARCASS AND ABDOMINAL FAT PERCENTAGE OF BROILER CHICKEN. This study aims to determine the effect of papaya leaf meal substituted to basal diet on the carcass weight, percentage of carcass, and abdominal fat of broilers. This study used 80 unsexed broilers, day old chick (DOC). The experiment used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications. The arrangement of the experimental treatments was as follows: R₀ = 100% basal diet (BD), 0% papaya leaf meal (PLM), R₁ = 95% BD + 5% PLM, R₂ = 90% BD + 10% PLM, R₃ = 85% BD + 15% PLM. The results showed that partial replacement of the basal diet with with papaya leaf meal had no significant effect on carcass weight and the percentage of broiler abdominal fat. The treatment gave a very significant difference on the percentage of carcass. On carcass percentage results showed that R0 was highly significant different from R3 but not significantly different with R2 and R1. Treatment R1 was significantly different from R3 but not significantly different from R2, whereas between treatments R2 and R3 were significantly different. Based on the results of this study it can be stated that the use of papaya leaf meal up to level of 15% can produce a good proportion of carcass and abdominal fat. Keywords: broiler, papaya leaf meal, carcasses, abdominal fat.

PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG LIMBAH UDANG DALAM RANSUM BASAL TERHADAP KARKAS AYAM PEDAGING

Shrimp waste has high protein to be used as broiler feed. The purpose of this study was to determine the addition of shrimp waste flour into basal ration to carcass weight, life weight, percentage of carcass and abdominal fat in broilers aged between 14 to 35 days. This study used 60 unsexing 1 day-old chicks of Cobb strains) and kept from the age of 0-13 days feed commercial rations while those aged 14-35 days were feed basal rations. A completely radomized design (CRD) was applied with four treatments and five replications consisting three chickens each. The treatments were P0 (ration + 0% shrimp waste flour), P1 (ration + 2.5% shrimp waste flour), P2 ration + 5% shrimp was flour and P3( ration + 7.5 % shrimp was flour). The results of this study indicated that the addition of shrimp waste flour up to the level of 7.5% has a very significant effect on carcass weight, carcass percentage, abdominal fat of broilers aged between 14 to 35 days. It is concluded that the addition of shrimp waste flour to the level of 7,5% into the ration has improved broiler carcass

Influence of Body Condition Score on Carcass Characteristics of Cull Bali Cows

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of body condition score (BCS) on dressing percentage and carcass characteristics of cull Bali cows. Three groups of Bali cows (n=4) with body condition of 2, 3 and 4 were used in this experiment. They were assigned as BCS2, BCS3 and BCS4, respectively. The animals were slaughtered at the faculty slaughter house. Weight of non-carcass parts (skin, blood, fluck, offal, hide and head) were recorded. Hot carcass was weighed and fabricated into lean, fat and bone of each sub-primal cuts. Results showed that the percentage of non-carcass part did not differ (P>0.05) among cows with different BCS. Dressing percentage of cull Bali cows was improved (P<0.05) from 48% in BCS2 to 58% in BCS3 and BCS4. Front legs and rib were highest in BCS4, meanwhile hind legs did not differ among cows with different BCS. Total lean meat cut was significantly increased (P<0.05) from 36.84% in BCS2 to 40.63 and 41.12% in BCS3 and BCS4 respectively. Meat from hind quarter and rib were highest in BCS3 but tender loin was highest in BCS4. Carcass fat percentage, however, was also significantly increased (P<0.05) in BCS4, while bone was comparable among cows with different BCS. It can be concluded that although carcass and precious primal cuts are higher in cows with BCS 4 but the excessive degree of carcass fatness made slaughtering cull Bali cows is optimal at body condition score less than 4.

Effect of the Substitution the Fish Meal with Shrimp Head Waste Fermented in Diet on Broiler Performance

The experiment aimed to investigate the effect of fish meal (FM) substitution with the shrimp head waste fermented (SHWF) in the diet on broiler performance. The SHWF is the shrimp waste fermented with Waretha inoculum containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens bacteria. The materials used for this experiment were 100 day-old-chick (doc) Arbor Acres CP-707 strains unsexed. The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design in five treatments and four replications with five chicks each. The broilers were randomly assigned in five different levels of SHWF as substitution of fish meal in the ration. The treatments were 0 % substitute (R0), 5 % FM substitute with SHWF (R1), 10 % FM substitute with SHWF (R2), 15 % FM substitute with SHWF (R3), and 20 % FM substitute with SHWF (R4) respectively. The result of this experiment indicated that feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and body weight were not significantly (P > 0.05). However, the percentage of carcass and abdominal fat showed a significant effect (P <0.05). The conclusion of this experiment is that substitution FM with SHWF until 20% in broiler diet can maintain a performance broiler. In this treatment, were the consumption of 2428.28 grams/head, bodyweight gain 1330.07 g/head, feed conversion ratio of 1.82; body weight 1383.17 g, the percentage of carcasses was 73.86%, carcass fat was 2.67% and percentage of abdomen fat was 1.92 %.

The optimization of ginger and Zinc in feed to preventing heat stress at tropical in local duck

This study aimed to determine the optimization ginger flour supplementation and zinc minerals in feed on the performance, carcass, abdominal fat and the weight of the physiological organs of local ducks that experience heat stress at tropical temperatures. This research method is an experimental with Randomized Block Design (RBD) 4 treatment with 5 groups of body weights as replications. Treatment in this study was A (feed + ginger flour 0% + zinc 0 ppm, as control), B (feed + ginger flour 1% + zinc 40 ppm), C (feed + ginger flour 3% + zinc 40 ppm), D (feed + ginger flour 5% + zinc 40 ppm). The results showed that supplementation of ginger flour and zinc minerals in the feed had a significant effect (P<0.05) on performance of body weight, conversion, percentage of carcass and abdominal fat, but had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the physiological weight of local ducks in heat stress at a temperature of 33-34°C. The results of this study concluded optimization of ginger flour and zinc mineral supplementation in the performance, carcass, abdominal fat and physiological organ weights in heat stress were obtained on feed by giving 3% ginger flour and 40 ppm zinc minerals.

Effects of Addition of Noni Fruit Juice (Morinda Citrifolia) Into Drinking Water on Final Body Weight, Carcass Percentage, Abdominal Fat and Meat Cholesterol of Sentul Debu Chicken Phase Growth

The purpose of research to determine the effect of addition Noni fruit juice into drinking water on body weight, percentage of carcass, abdominal fat and meat cholesterol on sentul debu chicken phase growth. The research used 120 day old chicks of Sentul chicken and were raised until 12 weeks old. The research were conducted using a completely randomized design with six levels of noni fruit juice into the drinking water, P0 (without the addition of noni juice into drinking water), P1 (1 ml of noni juice/1 liter of drinking water), P2 (2 ml of noni juice/1 liter of drinking water), P3 (3 ml of noni juice/1 liter of drinking water, P4 (4 ml of noni juice/1 liter of drinking water and P5 (5 ml of noni juice/1 liter of drinking water) and four replications, each replication consisted of five sentul chickens. The observed variables were final body weight, carcass percentage, abdominal fat and meat cholesterol on sentul chicken. Data were statistically analyzed for variance using a Duncan’s Multiple Range test. The results showed that the addition of noni juice until 3 ml/1liter into drinking water gave no significant effect on the final body weight, percentage of carcass and abdominal fat and meat cholesterol,but the addition of noni juice 4 -5 ml into drinking water was decreases the final body weight, carcass percentage and meat cholesterol of sentul chicken. It can be concluded that the addition of noni juice into drinking until 3 ml/1 liter the best result on final body weight, carcass percentage, abdominal fat and meat cholesterol Sentul Debu chicken phase growth.

Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Gynura divaricata (L.) on Growth Performance, Hematology, and Carcass Fat Deposition in Broilers.

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of Gynura divaricata (Jakr-Na-Rai, JNR) on the growth performance, hematology, and carcass fat deposition of broilers. A total of 240 male Cobb-500 birds, 22 d old, were randomly allocated into five treatment groups of six replicates. Each group was raised at a high stocking density of 28 kg of bodyweight/m2 until day 43. The treatments consisted of (i) a basal diet, or the basal diet supplemented with (ii) 2.5 mg/kg avilamycin (T2), (iii) JNR crude ethanol extract at a flavonoid level of 1.3 g/kg (T3), and (iv and v) JNR powder at a flavonoid level of 1.3 (T4) or 2.6 g/kg (T5). Dietary supplementation with JNR powder at both flavonoid levels decreased the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio compared to the other groups (P<0.001). Birds in the T5 group presented decreased blood glucose (P<0.005) and cholesterol (P<0.002) levels and a numerically (P=0.056) decreased triglyceride level. The total bile acid concentration increased (P<0.001) in all the JNR-fed groups, but there was no significant effect on the digestibility of ileal protein or fat. At 1.3 g/kg of diet, JNR increased the final bodyweight and feed intake (P<0.05), but the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were not different among groups. The carcass and abdominal fat percentages were lowest in chicks fed on the diets supplemented with 2.6 g/kg JNR powder (P<0.007 and P<0.025, respectively). Drip loss and malondialdehyde concentrations in the breast meat did not change. In conclusion, JNR powder improved several hematological parameters, increased total bile acid concentrations, and decreased the percentage of abdominal fat. The powder form of JNR elicited better results than the ethanol extract form at the same flavonoid inclusion level.

PENGARUH PEMANFAATAN BONGGOL PISANG SEPATU (Musa paradisiaca L) DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERSENTASE KARKAS DAN LEMAK ABDOMINAL AYAM BROILER

THE INFLUENCE OF THE USE OF BANANA HUMP SHOES (Musa paradisiaca L) IN RATION ON THE PERCENTAGE OF CARCASS AND ABDOMINAL FAT IN BROILER CHICKEN. This study aims to determine the extent of the effect of using banana hump shoes (Musa Paradisiaca) in rations on carcass and abdominal fat in broiler chickens. This study was conducted using 100 unsexed Cobb broiler chickens (PT. Charoen Pokhpand), with an average body weight of 837 grams. The design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications. Arrangement of the experimental treatment as follows: R₀= 55% corn + 0% banana hump shoes, R₁= 50% corn + 5% banana hump shoes, R₂= 45% corn + 10% banana hump shoes, R₃= 40% corn + 15% banana hump shoes. The results showed that there was no significant difference (P&gt;0,05) on the percentage of carcass and abdominal fat in broiler chickens. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the use of banana shoe hump in rations up to 15% produces a good percentage of carcass and abdominal fat. Keywords: broiler chicken, banana hump shoes, percentage of carcass and abdominal fat.

PERSENTASE KARKAS DAN LEMAK ABDOMEN BROILER YANG DIBERI PAKAN KOMBINASI HERBAL DENGAN MINERAL ZINK

CARCASS AND ABDOMEN FAT PERCENTAGES IN BROILERS FED RATION COMBINED WITH HERBAL DAN ZINC MINERAL Study was done to evaluate carcass quality of broilers fed ration combined with herbal and zinc mineral. Hundred broilers were randomly divided into four treatments with five replications in each treatment. Each unit was placed five day old chicks. Treatments were consisted of basal ration (R1), basal ration added with 1.5 % of turmeric and 180 ppm of Zinc (R2), basal ration added with 2.5 % of white onion and 180 ppm of Zinc (R3), and basal ration added with anti biotic (R4). Results showed that combination of herbal and zinc mineral affected significantly the carcass and abdomen fat in broilers. Therefore, it can be concluded that combinations of turmeric or white onion and zinc mineral produced ideal carcass and abdomen fat in broilers. Key Words: Abdomen fat, broiler, carcass, herbal, zinc.