Percentage Of Blood Vessels Research Articles

Superior retention of aged fat graft by supplementing young adipose-derived stromal cells in a murine model.

In 2021, a meta-analysis showed fat graft retention varied from 26 to 83%. In a retrospective study including patients with Parry-Romberg syndrome, the younger age group had higher satisfaction scores (3.8 vs. 3.0) after fat grafting. Cell-assisted lipotransfer (CAL) could be an alternative to overcome the instability of volume loss; however, no study investigated its effect on old recipients. In an in vitro study, adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) from aged and young (52- and 8-weeks old) DsRed B6 mice were characterized by proliferation rates as percentages of Ki-67-positive cells. 68-week-old wild type B6 mice received 150 µL of green fluorescent protein fat (from 69-week-old B6 mice) mixed with saline, 3 x 105 aged or young DsRed ASCs (N, A, and Y groups, respectively) on the scalp (n = 6/group). After 8 weeks, graft volumes were evaluated using micro-computed tomography. Vessel densities were tracked by percentages of CD31 using immunofluorescence staining. Young ASCs showed higher proliferation than the aged (47.1% and 26.2%, respectively, p < 0.05). The Y group showed the highest graft retention (median: N = 41.0%, A = 52.2%, Y = 65.2%, p < 0.05) and percentage of blood vessels (median: N = 27.7%, A = 43.5%, Y = 54.7%, p < 0.05) among the three groups. CAL is effective with old recipients; higher effect was observed by supplementation with younger ASCs due to higher angiogenesis stimulation. However, this is autologous grafting model, further validation of safety, toxicity, and allogenic grafting is required. The results suggest that it is clinically possible to conduct CAL for old adults using autologous ASCs. However, further validation of using allogenic ASCs from young donors to improve graft retention in old adults is required.

Testicular morphometry of rats with Walker 256 tumor supplemented with L-glutamine.

Glutamine is often used to treat metabolic changes associated with anorexia-cachexia syndrome in patients with malignant neoplasms. Walker 256 tumor is an excellent model for studying these changes associated with cancer in different organs, including injuries in testicular functions. However, the effects of supplementing glutamine on testicular morphometry in this model have not yet been investigated. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of L-glutamine supplementation on testicular morphometry in rats transplanted with Walker 256 tumor cells. Forty puberty Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control without L-glutamine (C); control supplemented with L-glutamine (CG); inoculated with Walker 256 tumor cells (WT) and inoculated with Walker 256 tumor cells and supplemented with L-glutamine (WTG). The testicles were removed, weighed, fixed in Bouin, and included in paraffin for histomorphometric analysis. Walker 256 tumor caused quantitative changes in the tubular and intertubular compartments and tunica albuginea, with reductions in the percentages of lumen and tunica albuginea, number of Sertoli cells per gram of testis; number of Leydig cells; percentage of blood vessels and connective tissue in intertubule. However, glutamine supplementation prevented part of these changes caused by the tumor, presenting mainly a protective effect on the tunica albuginea and percentage of blood and lymph vessels in the intertubule. These results indicate the potential of L-glutamine was able to recover for testicular dysfunction associated with cancer.

Histological and Morphometric Examination of the Testes of Boars and Male Pigs Immunocastrated with Improvac®

Background: Surgical castration of male piglets is frequently performed to prevent development of an unpleasant taste and flavor in meat of mature males, called boar taint. Disadvantages of this method are primarily related to the lower feed efficiency of surgically castrated male pigs, production of less lean meat and more fat on the carcasses than boars, as well as ethical issues associated with the procedure itself. Immunocastration is a method of immunization against gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) and represents an alternative to avoid boar taint. This study aimed to examine the influence of immunocastration on histological and morphometric parameters of male pig testes.Materials, Methods &amp; Results: A total of 60 crossbred male pigs selected from 30 litters were assigned to two experimental groups: boars (n = 30) and immunocastrated males (n = 30). Two doses (2 mL per dose) of the Improvac® vaccine were given to pigs scheduled for immunocastration. The first injection was given at 10 weeks of age, and the second injection at 20 weeks of age. All pigs were fed the same commercial diet ad libitum, group-housed (15 pigs/pen) and slaughtered at 25 weeks of age. After slaughter, testicle weights were measured and samples of testicular tissue were taken for histological examination. Immunocastrated males had lower testicle weights than boars (P &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, structural damage to the germinal epithelium was visible in the seminiferous tubules of vaccinated pigs. In the testicular interstitium of these animals, the number of Leydig cells were reduced; almost all of these cells exhibited different degrees of abnormality. Moreover, the diameter of the seminiferous tubules and thickness of the germinal epithelium were greater (P &lt; 0.01), and the percentage of germinal epithelium in the seminiferous tubules as well as percentage of blood vessels in the interstitium were higher in boars as compared to immunocastrated males (P &lt; 0.01). Seminiferous tubule lumen diameter was greater (P &lt; 0.01), and percentage of lumen in the seminiferous tubules as well as percentage of non-blood vessel tissue in the interstitium were higher in immunocastrated males than boars (P &lt; 0.01).Discussion: Vaccination against GnRH, as used in this study, reduced the synthesis of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which led to decreased spermatogenesis and androgen production. The smaller diameter of the seminiferous tubules as well as germinal epithelium thickness, and lower percentage of germinal epithelium in the seminiferous tubules in immunocastrated males could be explained by reduced FSH synthesis, and subsequent reduced spermatogenesis. The described testicular malformations in immunocastrated animals caused their lower weight, and greater diameter of the lumen as well as a higher lumen percentage of the seminiferous tubules. The vaccine reduced LH synthesis, so the Leydig cells of immunocastrated animals had lower activity than the same cells in boars. The percentage of blood vessels in the interstitium of boar testes was higher, which was related to the blood supply required for normal function of Leydig cells. It was concluded that differences existed in the structure of the seminiferous tubules and interstitium between boars and immunocastrated males , which were reflected in values of the examined histological and morphometric parameters. The development of these differences was related to the inhibition of GnRH synthesis and secretion.

Antiangiogenic activity of a bevacizumab-loaded polyurethane device in animal neovascularization models

To evaluate the antiangiogenic activity of bevacizumab-loaded polyurethane using two animal models of neovascularization. The percentage of blood vessels was evaluated in a chicken chorioallantoic membrane model (n=42) and in the rabbit cornea (n=24) with neovascularization induced by alkali injury. In each model, the animals were randomly divided into the groups treated with the bevacizumab-loaded polyurethane device, phosphate-buffered-saline (negative control) and bevacizumab commercial solution (positive control). Clinical examination, as well as histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation, were performed in the rabbit eyes. Microvascular density in hot spot areas was determined in semi-thin sections of corneal tissue by hematoxylin-eosin staining and factor VIII immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemical analysis was also performed to evaluate VEGF expression. In the evaluated models, the use of bevacizumab (Avastin®) and the bevacizumab-loaded polyurethane device led to similar results with regard to inhibition of neovascularization. In the chorioallantoic membrane model, the bevacizumab-loaded polyurethane device reduced angiogenesis by 50.27% when compared to the negative control group. In the rabbit model of corneal neovascularization, the mean density of vessels/field was reduced by 46.87% on analysis of factor VIII immunohistochemistry photos in the bevacizumab-loaded polyurethane device group as compared to the negative control (PBS) sections. In both models, no significant difference could be identified between the bevacizumab-loaded polyurethane device and the positive control group, leading to similar results with regard to inhibition of neovascularization. The present study shows that the bevacizumab-loaded polyurethane device may release bevacizumab and inhibit neovascularization similarly to commercial bevacizumab solution in the short-term.

Reduction of immunity in HIV-infected individuals: Can fibrosis induce hypoplasia in palatine and lingual tonsils of individuals with HIV infection?

The role of tonsils in oral immunity has been described. However, the pathogenesis of HIV infection in these organs is still unclear. The aim of this study is to perform histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the palatine and lingual tonsils of autopsied individuals with or without HIV infection. Twenty-six autopsied individuals with HIV infection (HI) (n=13) and without HIV infection (CO) (n=13) were selected. Palatine and lingual tonsil fragments were collected for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. We found in the HI group a higher frequency of hyaline degeneration in both palatine and lingual tonsils; smaller follicle areas, and a higher percentage of collagen in comparison with the CO group. In the HI group, there was higher density of blood vessels in palatine tonsils than in the CO group. In the HI group, there were significant positive correlations between palatine and lingual tonsils and the area of lymphoid follicles, and between the percentage of blood vessels and collagen in palatine tonsils. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between the percentage of collagen and lymphoid follicle area in both palatine and lingual tonsils in the HI group. These findings suggest that the immune functions of these tonsils are prejudiced by fibrosis. Therapies to reduce the neoformation of collagen are required to improve immune function of organs against pathogens.

Microscopic thrombi in anaplastic astrocytoma predict worse survival?

The purpose of this study is to determine whether anaplastic astrocytoma patients with intratumoral vascular thrombi have a worse survival than anaplastic astrocytoma patients without thrombi. A retrospective review of 101 patients (60 males; mean age, 53.3 years) with anaplastic astrocytoma (World Health Organization grade III) was conducted. Thrombi were counted relative to the number of involved blood vessels in the initially resected tumor (69 biopsies, 32 subtotal resections) and were correlated with survival and development of postoperative deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Of tumors with thrombi (n = 17), the percentage of blood vessels with thrombi ranged from 1.5% to 20% (mean, 5.6%). Of these patients, 16 died of tumor (mean survival, 15.4 months), and 1 patient was alive with tumor at 180 months. Eighty-four patients with anaplastic astrocytoma had no intravascular tumor thrombi; 75 of these patients died of tumor (mean survival, 26.5 months), 4 patients were alive, and 5 patients were lost to follow-up. Evidence of DVT was found in 2 (18.2%) of 11 tested patients with thrombi vs 10 (18.5%) of 54 patients without thrombi. Patients with microscopic intratumoral thrombi (17% of anaplastic astrocytoma) had a worse survival compared with patients without thrombi; the difference did not reach statistical significance. There was no correlation between the presence of intratumoral thrombi and the development of DVT.

Morformetria e desenvolvimento gonadal em (Oreochromis niloticus) suplementada com vitamina E

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin E supplementation in the morphometry and gonadal development of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Considering the weight of the gonad, gonadossomatic index, testes thickness and lumen percentage, significant differences were observed for the treatment with 150 mg/kg of vitamin E. There were observed significant differences for percentage of germinative epithelium to 150 mg/kg of vitamin E and for percentage of Leydig cells in treatment with 50 mg/kg of vitamin E. The percentage of blood vessels was higher in both treatments with 50 and 150 mg. The vitamin E requirement for gonadal development of tilapia is 150 mg/kg.

Microscopic thrombi in glioblastoma multiforme do not predict the development of deep venous thrombosis

Patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are known to be at risk for hypercoagulable events. Tumoral intravascular thrombi likely contribute to the development of hypoxia and necrosis. The purpose of this study was to assess whether there is a relationship between the number of thrombi identified microscopically at the time of tumor resection and the subsequent development of extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT). A retrospective review of 96 patients (53 men and 43 women; age range, 21-92 years; mean age, 60.2 years) with GBM (World Health Organization grade IV) was carried out. Thrombi were counted (number of thrombi/blood vessels evaluated/10 high-power fields) in nonnecrotic areas of the resected tumor and correlated with a variety of clinical and pathological parameters, including the development of postoperative DVT, as detected by extremity ultrasound. Thrombi were identified in the resected GBM in 66 (69%) patients. Of the tumors with thrombi, the percentage of blood vessels with thrombi ranged from 1.1% to 42.9% (mean, 10.7%). Deep venous thrombosis was discovered in 30 (31.3%) patients. There was no correlation between the number of microscopic thrombi and the development of DVT. Eighty-one patients died of tumor (survival, 1-66 months; mean, 11.0 months), 12 patients were alive at last known follow-up (mean, 23 months), and 3 patients were lost to follow-up. Of patients with DVT, 27 patients died of tumor (survival, 1-47 months; mean, 11.0 months), 3 patients were alive (18, 20, and 21 months), and 1 patient was lost to follow-up. There was no correlation between the number of microscopic thrombi and the percentage of resected tumor that was necrotic (range, <5%-90%), presence of palisaded necrosis (36.8% of tumors), presurgical (mean, 78.3) or postsurgical (mean, 75.5) Karnofsky performance scores, or survival (mean, 8.9 months in patients with no microscopic thrombi vs 11.5 months in patients with thrombi). Microscopic thrombi were identified in about two thirds (69%) of patients with GBM, and DVT developed in about one third (31.3%) of patients with GBM. There was no correlation between the number of microscopic thrombi and the subsequent development of DVT in patients with GBM. Patients who developed DVT did not appear to have a worse survival.