Percentage Allocation Research Articles

Enhancing quality in Lot reception: A comparative analysis of innovative attribute acceptance sampling plans

Purpose: This study aims to enhance production quality by applying Quality Control (QC) principles through acceptance sampling, specifically analyzing the efficacy of attribute acceptance sampling plans in final lot receptions.Design/methodology/approach: Through a comprehensive review and critical evaluation of various sampling methodologies found in literature, this paper assesses their efficiency under distinct administrative and operational conditions. It emphasizes the comparison of different attribute acceptance sampling plans by examining variations in parameters and key performance indicators, such as Average Outgoing Quality (AOQ) and inspection time allocation percentage. Furthermore, it proposes a model for Continuous Sampling Plans (CSP) to evaluate these plans' performance in response to operational characteristic variations.Findings: The analysis reveals that the selected methodologies significantly aid in decision-making processes for lot acceptance, utilizing non-conforming rates depicted by the Average Quality Level (AQL). This provides a robust framework for improving Quality Control strategies, demonstrating the potential of these methodologies to optimize production quality through strategic lot acceptance.Practical implications: This paper outlines a practical approach for industry practitioners to enhance decision-making in lot acceptance, offering a method to balance quality control with operational efficiency effectively.Originality/value: By comparing a wide range of attribute acceptance sampling plans and introducing a novel CSP model, this research contributes valuable insights into the optimization of QC strategies. It offers a unique perspective on enhancing production quality, marking a significant advancement in the field of Quality Control and management.

Residentado médico en administración y gestión en salud en Perú: análisis de las vacantes ofertadas y planes curriculares

Introduction. The lack of research in Health Administration and Management (AyGS) training, along with the need to improve residency programs, motivated this study. Objective. We described the availability of offered positions and curriculum plans for AyGS residency programs in Peru. Methods. Descriptive observational study. We reviewed the number of positions offered and awarded between 2013 and 2022 on the National Medical Residency Council (CONAREME) website. Additionally, we analyzed curriculum plans updated to 2022, identifying minimum achievements per academic year and comparing them with CONAREME standards. Results. Between 2013 and 2022, nine universities offered the AyGS residency program, with six located in Lima. The allocation of open vacancies showed a higher trend, reaching 100% in four of the ten years analyzed, while the highest allocation percentage for captive positions was 78%. Regarding the curriculum plans, six of the eight available in 2022 provided information on minimum achievements and described the courses that residents must take. Conclusion. There were no changes in the total number of positions offered for the AyGS program. Three universities in Lima concentrate more than 50% of the program offerings. The curriculum plans show similarities across the universities offering the program.

Occupancy Comfort Evaluation in Green Building Rating Tools in Malaysia: A Comparative Review

Passive design strategy is the approach that maximizing utilization of natural resources to achieve occupancy comfort which covers the thermal comfort, visual comfort and acoustic comfort while minimizing secondary energy usage. Adapting passive design strategy during building design-stage is beneficial in reducing energy load of the building for long term, furthermore to reduce the energy consumption in day to day building operation. Applying Green Building Rating Tools, GBRT promotes passive design strategy for non-residential building and will assist the building designer to comply with the local and international standard. The minimum requirement of occupancy comfort is captured in GBRT rating system with different approach and intension of the system. This review summarize the coverage of passive design strategy sectors for non-residential building in Malaysia by comparing three GBRT system namely Green Building Index, GBI NCNR, MyCREST ICSAS and GreenRE NRB system. GreenRE NRB seems more aggressive in occupancy comfort evaluation compared to GBI NCNR and MyCREST ICSAS. GreenRE allocates 48.7% of total marks focus on occupancy comfort aspect while GBI and MyCREST allocates 14% and 13.2% respectively from the total score. MyCrest had enforce the mandatory compliance of OTTV, RTTV and Uroof to meet baseline requirement as per MS1525:2019 with zero marks allocation. Based on marks percentage allocation, GBI and MyCrest prioritizing visual comfort while GreenRE give more focus on thermal comfort with higher marks allocation. All rating system give less focus on acoustic comfort. On average, 16.3% of marks covers the thermal comfort, 9% covers visual comfort and 1% cover acoustic comfort. GBI and MyCrest focus more on green building materials which covers the building lifecycle includes water management and waste disposal. All system contributes to Malaysia-UNFCCC ratification of Paris Agreement on 45% GHG reduction in longer runs.

Occupational Health & Safety Cost Analysis in Civil Construction Projects

Introduction: Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) costs are crucial for implementing safety management systems in the construction sector, particularly in Indonesia. Previous studies emphasize the potential benefits of effective OHS cost planning in reducing workplace accidents and associated costs. Objective: This study aims to analyze the allocation of OHS costs and its correlation with workplace accidents across various construction projects in Indonesia. Method: A descriptive analysis approach was employed to examine OHS cost allocation and incident rates in ten construction projects conducted by a state-owned company across multiple regions in Indonesia. Data analysis utilized Microsoft Excel and SPSS, with Pearson correlation tests conducted to assess relationships between variables. Result: The study found significant variation in OHS cost allocation, ranging from 0.20% to 1.23% of project value across different projects. Larger projects tended to allocate a lower percentage of their budget to OHS compared to smaller ones. Conclusion: Effective planning of OHS costs is essential not only in terms of percentage allocation but also considering project size, duration, workforce size, and technological aspects. The study underscores the importance of comprehensive cost-benefit analyses to further understand the impact of OHS provision on accident prevention in construction projects.

Sporadic Parathyroid Adenoma: A Pilot Study of Novel Biomarkers in Females.

Background and Objectives: Parathyroid adenoma is a distinct cause of primary hyperparathyroidism, with the vast majority being sporadic ones. Proteomic analysis of parathyroid adenomas has proposed a large number of related proteins. The aim of this study is to evaluate the immunohistochemical staining of ANXA2, MED12, MAPK1 and VDR in parathyroid adenoma tissue. Materials and Methods: Fifty-one parathyroid adenomas were analyzed for ANXA2, MED12, MAPK1 and VDR expressions. Tissue was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded parathyroid adenoma specimens; an immunohistochemical study was applied, and the percentage of allocation and intensity were evaluated. Results: ANXA2 stained positively in 60.8% of all cell types, while MED12 had positive staining in 66%. MAPK1 expression was found to be negative in total, although a specific pattern for oxyphil cells was observed, as they stained positive in 17.7%. Finally, VDR staining was positive at 22.8%, based on nuclear staining. Conclusions: These immunohistochemical results could be utilized as biomarkers for the diagnosis of sporadic parathyroid adenoma. It is of great importance that a distinct immunophenotype of nodule-forming cells in a positive adenoma could suggest a specific pattern of adenoma development, as in hereditary patterns.

The quest of fiscal autonomy for judicial independence: the case of the Nigerian judiciary and its challenges

ABSTRACT The executive arm of the government in Nigeria has been underfunding the judiciary due to its lack of fiscal (financial) autonomy. However, despite the Nigerian judiciary being granted fiscal self-autonomy by the court in 2014, it continues to fall short of one of the main criteria for judicial independence due to inadequate budgetary support. Thus, the article examines the judiciary’s independence and its challenges from poor funding. It employs a qualitative methodology and desk research sources to examine several provisions of the Nigerian constitution, analyze the practicalities of fiscal autonomy from a comparative perspective between Nigeria and other countries, and determine the inadequate funding of the Nigerian judiciary by placing its percentage of budgetary allocation against the nation’s total annual budget over the years. The article suggests the need for implementation structures of fiscal autonomy involving a time frame of budgetary allocation directly to the judiciary to assure its independence and efficient funding for the provision of court services.

Analysis of Drug Management at Tegal City Pharmaceutical Installation

Background: Medicine is one of the most essential elements in health service efforts. Good drug management will affect the availability of drugs and improve the degree of health in the community.Objectives: This study aims to determine the effectiveness and efficiency of drug management at the Tegal City Pharmaceutical Installation in 2021 related to compliance with the Indonesian Ministry of Health and WHO indicators.Methods: This research is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. Data was taken retrospectively through document tracing and supplemented with qualitative data through interviews to deepen findings in the field. Data obtained and the results of interviews with the Head of Installation and pharmaceutical personnel, totaling five respondents, will then be compared with standard indicators from the Indonesian Ministry of Health and WHO. Data analysis in this study used indicators of selection, procurement, distribution, and use of drugs. The values of the indicators that have been obtained are subsequently compared with the existing standard values.Results: The results of drug management research at the Tegal City Pharmaceutical Installation are at the selection stage of proposing drugs to Fornas. The procurement stage of drug suitability with Fornas is 96.4%, the fund allocation percentage is 92%, and the planning accuracy is 95.7%. The distribution stage of the level of drug availability 12-18 is 13.92 months, the accuracy of the number of distributions to the Puskesmas is 100%, the percentage of drugs experiencing empty stock, dead stock, and overstock is 0%, the percentage of damaged and expired drugs is 0%. The use stage of drug items per prescription is 3.5 drug items, the percentage of antibiotic use in non-specific patients is 30.7%, the percentage of non-pneumonia Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) antibiotic use is 34.2%, and myalgia injection use is 0%.Conclusion: The conclusion of drug management at the selection, procurement, distribution, and use stages in 2021 carried out at the Tegal City Pharmaceutical Installation has yet to follow standards. Of the 14 indicators studied, only 8 follow the standard, and 6 other indicators still need compliance to evaluation.

Crowdsourced vehicles and UAVs for last-mile delivery application using blockchain-hosted matching mechanism

The crowdsourcing paradigm has been used for last-mile delivery applications to offer cost-efficient delivery through crowdsourced vehicles. The increasing demand from users for fast delivery led to the adoption of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) due to their speed and cost, for instance, in peak hours. However, existing frameworks do not offer a comprehensive solution that utilizes vehicles and UAVs for transparent, timely, and cost-efficient delivery. This paper proposes a novel supply chain management framework on a consortium blockchain with last-mile delivery through crowdsourced vehicles and UAVs. The blockchain-based framework aims to provide last-mile delivery for time-critical tasks in a transparent and cost-efficient manner. A blockchain-hosted Gale-Shapley Matching mechanism is designed for allocating delivery tasks to UAVs and vehicles that will perform them timely and cost-efficiently. The allocation mechanism is incorporated in the proposed management framework consisting of smart contracts that autonomously respond to members' interactions. In addition, the framework stores the supply chain process data transparently and immutably. The performed experiments explore the feasibility of the proposed solution showing the increase in task allocation percentage (at least 6%) and reward (at least 50%) while reducing the delivery time (at least 23%) compared to the considered benchmarks.

Accounting Firm Investment in Diverse Talent: Evidence from Charitable Giving to Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs)

SYNOPSIS The accounting profession suffers from diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging (DEIB) deficiencies. Although the largest accounting firms have touted their investments in diversity efforts, the extent to which firms have invested in recruiting diverse talent is unclear. Using accounting firms’ charitable giving data, we show that, although firm giving to historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) has increased over time, the total allocation percentage to HBCUs has remained relatively stagnant. Further, monetary giving to HBCUs is concentrated among a few HBCUs with higher prestige, and all HBCUs receive relatively little overall compared with predominantly white institutions (PWIs). Discussions with HBCU accounting faculty and accounting firm professionals support our main findings and suggest additional forms of investment that accounting firms can leverage to help address DEIB deficiencies. Overall, our study provides actionable recommendations that can inform public accounting firms’ efforts as they seek to develop a more diverse workforce. Data Availability: Data are available upon request. JEL Classifications: M41.

Cost-based resource allocation method for efficient allocation of resources in a heterogeneous cloud environment

Cloud computing is appealing due to features like adaptability, portability, utility service and on-demand service. Cloud resource providers are a source of computing, and each provider delivers different types of resources. In an active cloud environment, timely resource allocation is more important. In order to increase the effectiveness and user-friendliness of resource allocation in the heterogeneous cloud, the paper suggests an efficient cost-based resource allocation (ECRA) method and framework. In the heterogeneous cloud, there is no centralized resource allocation manager (CRAM) to get all requested resources from a single counter. The proposed methodology for allocating resources divides them according to their cost. The paper’s framework for allocating resources consists of various parts. The Unified Heterogeneous Resource Allocation Manager (UHRAM) part of the framework collects and manages resources from several cloud resource providers. The resource identifier is one of the components in the framework, which is coupled to UHRAM to determine the cost of the resources. The low-cost resources are scheduled and to be in a ready state for allocation. The proposed ECRA is simulated and compared based on parameters like total computation time, response time and resource allocation percentage with existing resource allocation methods. The results prove that the proposed ECRA is efficient in allocating the resources in minimum response time and it allocates maximum resources for lower cost.

Spatial diversity of Village Funds in reducing Poverty in West Sumatra Province

One of the efforts to improve the community's welfare and poverty alleviation requires an integrated development program and synergized based on local resources. One of the efforts is the village fund program, are funds provided for villages sourced from the state budget and are used for government administration, implementation of development and empowerment of village communities. This paper examines the spatial diversity of the effectiveness of the Village Fund in reducing poverty in West Sumatra Province from 2015 to 2020 (data from the Ministry of Finance). The unit of research analysis is the regency/municipal that receives the Village Fund assistance. This study uses Geographically Weighted Regression, with dimensions of observing the allocation of Village Funds and poor people. The study results show that the Village Fund cannot reduce poverty in the beneficiary regencies/municipals. The number of Village Funds disbursed increases every year, but the number of poor people also increases; only three districts, namely Limapuluh Kota, Pesisir Selatan, and Kepulauan Mentawai, have decreased in 2020. The Village Fund Program is ineffective in reducing poverty in West Sumatra Province due to the Village Fund allocation percentage being more prominent for village government operations. The allocation of Village Funds for the administration of village government is much larger than what is mandated by law, which is 30%. The main objective of the Village Fund Program is to eradicate poverty and reduce inequality. To achieve this noble goal, it is necessary to evaluate the distribution of Village Funds. This study looks at the effectiveness of the Village Fund in reducing poverty, and looks at the spatial diversity of the effectiveness of the Village Fund in beneficiary regencies/municipals.

Influence of Precision Nutrient Management on Dry Matter Accumulation and Partitioning of Rice in Southern Odisha

Background: The nutrient management practices are largely known to influence dry matter accumulation and translocation in rice. However, the role of precision nutrient management in dry matter partitioning to the reproductive parts of rice is still unexplored. Methods: The present trial was conducted during boro season of 2021-22 at PG Experimental Farm, MSSSoA, CUTM, Odisha. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 11treatments that were replicated thrice. The treatments examined under the investigation were namely, absolute control, 75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), 100% RDF, 125% RDF, 75% RDF fb nano urea spray @ 2ml/L at panicle initiation, 100% RDF fb nano urea spray @ 2ml/L at panicle initiation, leaf colour chart (LCC) 3 basednitrogen management, LCC 4 based nitrogen management, sufficiency Index (SI)-based N management at a threshold value less than 90%, Nutrient expert (NE) based nutrient recommendation, Rice crop manager (RCM) based nutrient recommendation. Result: The results of the study indicated that SI-based N management at a threshold value less than 90% results in highest allocation, shoot dry matter to the panicle (53.46%); while, absolute control of nutrients resulted in highest percentage allocation of shoot dry matter to culm (23.72%) and leaves (33.88%) during maturity.

Analysis of the Credit Policy of Banking Companies Listed on the LQ45 Index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the November 2021 Period

This study examines credit policies of banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange by comparing asset allocation for credit and asset allocation overall, using liquidity factors such as the NPL (Non-Performing Loan) ratio and LDR (Loan to Deposit Ratio) as independent variables. The secondary data used is from banking companies in the LQ45 index group from 2015-2020, and the data is analyzed using multiple linear regression to determine the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable of credit policy. Researchers uses multiple linear analysis to investigate the relationship between liquidity, represented by Non-Performing Loans (NPL) and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), and credit policies of banking companies listed in LQ45 index for the period of November 2021-January 2022. The data completeness is for six years. The credit policy is measured by the percentage of allocation for credit in the asset structure of banking companies. The results show that NPL and LDR have a significant impact on credit policy with a 5% significance level, indicating the importance of credit management in banking activities.

ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS (RCA) OF E-CATALOGUE PROCUREMENT OF MEDICINE USING E-PURCHASING IN PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER IN KLATEN REGENCY OF CENTRAL JAVA

E-catalogue procurement of medicine is a method of electronic procurement using a particular website developed by the Government to increase the effectiveness, efficiency, and transparency of medicine procurement. In Klaten Regency, e-catalogue procurement of medicine in the Public Health Center (PHC) experiences obstacles. The study aimed to evaluate performance of e-catalogue procurement of medicine, analyze the root problem and formulate strategies to improve the performance based on the root problems. This descriptive study involved seven PHCs with data on medicine procurement in 2021. Quantitative data analysis was conducted by evaluating six performance indicators of medicine procurement. Qualitative data analysis was conducted by interviewing 17 respondents, analyzing root problems, and formulating improvement strategies The study showed that all PHCs had good medicine availability at 87.71% average, but low realization of e-catalogue procurement occurred in two PHCs. Lead time beyond the contract period occurred in two PHCs. All PHCs experienced low suitability of procurement funds and percentage of procurement through e-catalogue. Percentage of budget allocation for medicine procurement varied between 1.59% to 7.29%. Analysis of the root problem showed obstacles in human resources, mechanism of procurement, policies, system, budget, and environment aspect. It was concluded that the obstacles rooted on the lack of team role and synergy of PHC, District Pharmacy Unit, and District Health Office according to their authority, the lack of pharmaceutical industry and distributor commitments in the provision of e-catalogue medicine for PHC, and also the urgent needs of system and regulatory improvement by the Government.

Effects of Light Intensity on Seedling Emergence and Early Growth of Liquidambar formosana Hance

Liquidambar formosana Hance is a common deciduous broad-leaved tree known for its fast growth rate and adaptability. However, excessive logging has substantially reduced the area of natural forest patches of L. formosana, and seedling regeneration is essential for the long-term continuation of L. formosana populations. To explore the effects of light intensity on the seedling emergence and early growth of L. formosana, a controlled experiment was conducted under three light-intensity treatments (20%, 60%, and 100% of full sunlight, i.e., the photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFDs) were 223.93 ± 7.54, 670.94 ± 30.14, and 1119.61 ± 23.19 μmol·m−2·s−1, respectively). The seedling emergence percentage, mean germination time, germination synchrony, vitality index, survival percentage, emergence index, morphological characteristics, and biomass allocation under different light intensities were analyzed. The seedling vitality index and survival percentage significantly differed among the treatments and were the lowest under 20% light intensity. With increased light intensity, the seedling mean germination time and germination synchrony increased and then decreased, and the opposite was true for the emergence index. With the increased light intensity, the seedling height, stem diameter, and root length significantly increased. The total, root, stem, and leaf biomasses reached maximum values under full sunlight. With the increased light intensity, the leaf biomass ratio increased, whereas the root biomass, stem biomass, and root–shoot ratios decreased. Our results indicated that the poor light environment under the canopy is not conducive to the survival and growth of L. formosana seedlings and may be among the primary reasons for low seedling establishment.

A matching game-based crowdsourcing framework for last-mile delivery: Ground-vehicles and Unmanned-Aerial Vehicles

This paper tackles the problem of allocating time-constrained last-mile delivery tasks to crowdsourced vehicles and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). With the increasing development of E-commerce, the demand for home deliveries is rapidly increasing. However, last-mile delivery remains the costliest part endured by shipping companies, particularly for time-critical deliveries. To mitigate this high cost, recently, several researchers and companies, such as Amazon and Mercedes-Benz, have adopted (1) crowdsourced and (2) UAVs-based delivery solutions. Nevertheless, crowdsourcing delivery tasks, where workers with vehicles are being recruited to deliver parcels, suffers from long delivery time and delays for time-critical tasks during peak traffic hours. Although UAVs are perceived currently as a trending solution for fast and timely delivery of time-critical delivery tasks, yet they are constrained by the flying time and the package weight. These limitations have a direct impact on the cost of delivery and the task accomplishment rate. In this paper, a hybrid framework that crowd-sources vehicles’ drivers and UAVs for delivery tasks is proposed. It aims at improving the delivery time and the allocation percentage mainly at peak hours, by the proposed, (1) task filtering, (2) worker quality estimation, and (3) task allocation and scheduling. The filtering of possible tasks, that each type of worker can accomplish is done based on the availability of the workers and their ability to reach the destination. The worker quality, with regard to the delivery task, is estimated using the Bayesian belief function that is utilized in the allocation. The allocation of tasks and workers is performed using the Gale–Shapley matching game to consider the preferences of both workers and tasks. The simulation results show that the hybrid framework outperforms the non-hybrid crowdsourcing model in terms of task allocation percentage, delivery time, and payoff.

Institutional earmarks: the earmark moratorium and federal highway spending

AbstractIn 2010, the United States Congress placed a moratorium on earmarks – congressionally mandated spending projects. But did the earmark moratorium actually rid public policy of earmarks? I use earmark data and 2010–2020 state-level highway funding metrics to examine the relationship between previously expired transportation earmarks and federal highway funding during the earmark moratorium. Earmarks in the 2005 surface transportation law (SAFETEA-LU) continued to benefit certain states in 2020, even though the projects technically expired in 2009. This is because the funding “formulas” established by all post-2009 surface transportation laws were fully determined by the highway allocation percentage each state received in the preceding year, inclusive of earmarks. Further, I find the relationship between SAFETEA-LU earmarks and state funding disparities strengthened from 2010 to 2020, meaning the expired earmarks increased in policy significance during the moratorium. Highly earmarked states became even more advantaged after the earmarks were institutionalised into the highway funding formula.

The determiner of photosynthetic acclimation induced by biochemical limitation under elevated CO2 in japonica rice

Photosynthetic acclimation to prolonged elevated CO2 could be attributed to the two limited biochemical capacity, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) carboxylation and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration, however, which one is the primary driver is unclear. To quantify photosynthetic acclimation induced by biochemical limitation, we investigated photosynthetic characteristics and leaf nitrogen allocation to photosynthetic apparatus (Rubisco, bioenergetics, and light-harvesting complex) in a japonica rice grown in open-top chambers at ambient CO2 and ambient CO2+200 μmol mol−1 (e [CO2]). Results showed that photosynthesis was stimulated under e [CO2], but concomitantly, photosynthetic acclimation obviously occurred across the whole growth stages. The content of leaf nitrogen allocation to Rubisco and biogenetics was reduced by e [CO2], while not in light-harvesting complex. Unlike the content, there was little effects of CO2 enrichment on the percentage of nitrogen allocation to photosynthetic components. Additionally, leaf nitrogen did not reallocate within photosynthetic apparatus until the imbalance of sink-source under e [CO2]. The contribution of biochemical limitations, including Rubisco carboxylation and RuBP regeneration, to photosynthetic acclimation averaged 36.2% and 63.8% over the growing seasons, respectively. This study suggests that acclimation of photosynthesis is mainly driven by RuBP regeneration limitation and highlights the importance of RuBP regeneration relative to Rubisco carboxylation in the future CO2 enrichment.

Neurosurgical research in Southeast Asia: A bibliometric analysis

ObjectivesBibliometric analysis can provide insight into the growth, development and dissemination of research in neurosurgery. Little work has been done to examine the role of country-specific characteristics affecting research productivity. We aimed to characterize andcompare the research productivity among SEA countries in terms of bibliometric indicesand determine associations with country-specific factors. MethodsWe performed a systematic search of all articles by authors affiliated with a neurosurgical department in any of the Southeast Asian countries, indexed in 3 databases from inception to June 10, 2020. Bibliometric indices – number of publications, number of citations, average citations per publication, h-index, and the i-10-index – were computed for each country. Correlations between the indices and country-specific characteristics (population size, GDP per capita, percentage of GDP allocation to research and development (R&D), number of neurosurgeons, number of neurosurgeons per capita, and number of collaborations with non-SEA authors) were determined. ResultsThe number of publications showed an increasing trend up to 2019. Most studies were cohort studies (37%) or case reports or series (37%). Of the country-specific factors analyzed, only percentage of the GDP allocated to R&D was positively correlated with number of publications (p = 0.0004), total citations (p < 0.0001), H-index (p < 0.0001), and i(10)-index (p < 0.0001). Number of collaborations also positively correlated with the same indices. ConclusionOur bibliometric analysis showed increasing contribution by neurosurgeons in the SEA region. Correlational analysis support the view that increased R&D budget allocation and international collaboration can improve neurosurgical research capacity and productivity.

Initial growth of Umbuzeiro seedlings (&lt;em&gt;Spondias tuberosa&lt;/em&gt; arruda câmara) subjected to different water regimes: morphoanatomical characteristics

The present study aimed to evaluate the initial growth and leaflet and xylopod anatomical responses in seedlings when subjected to different hydraulic regimes. Seedlings after 150 days of germination were used, evaluating three hydraulic regimes after transplantation: T0= daily watering (control); T1= watering every three days and T2= watering every five days. After 90 days, growth parameters and qualitative and quantitative characterization of seedling leaflets and xylopods were evaluated. There were statistical differences only for xylopod diameter and main root length, where the highest average for xylopod diameter was verified with daily watering hydraulic regime (control treatment), 15.37 cm-1. While for main root length, the highest average, 33,8 cm-1, was verified with watering every five days. With higher biomass allocation percentage, the xylopod was the main drain, regardless of the hydraulic regime adopted. Higher averages for density, polar and equatorial diameter of the stomata were observed in seedling leaflets subjected to the hydraulic regime with watering every 5 days. It was observed that only palisade and sponge parenchymas presented difference, where the hydraulic regime with watering every three and five days presented higher density, respectively.