Percent Response Rate Research Articles

Exploring the Impacts of Artificial Intelligence Interventions on Provider Practice practice

Abstract Background Despite the growing prevalence of AI in healthcare, there has been a lack of recent studies exploring its impact on providers’ practices and patient outcomes. This study investigates healthcare providers’ perceptions of AI interventions’ influence on their practice efficiency and patient outcomes, as well as the correlation between providers’ perceptions of AI and its effects on patient outcomes. Methods A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to 38 healthcare providers at a rural medical center in north Texas, with a 70% percent response rate (n = 27). In addition to descriptive statistics, multivariable logistic regression test was conducted to discern the relationship between their perceptions of AI and its impact on patient outcomes. Results The findings revealed that a majority of providers perceived AI to still be in its early stages, posing challenges for practice and having a limited impact on patient outcomes. Additionally, various factors such as age, gender, a user-centered design approach, AI experience, along with perceptions of workplace support and stress, significantly shape providers’ attitudes toward AI and ultimately affecting patient outcomes. Conclusions Before AI technology can fulfill its promise of transforming healthcare through integration with other technologies, the healthcare sector must address numerous hurdles. It is crucial to approach the development and testing of intricate systems like AI-integrated electronic health record (EHR) systems with caution to ensure their reliability and dependability in clinical decision-making. Additionally, navigating medico-legal responsibilities and pursuing fair distribution of benefits are equally crucial. Key messages • This study offers insights into the extent of AI interventions’ impact on healthcare. • This study specifically focuses on enhancing patient care, reducing costs, and improving the efficiency of the healthcare system.

Navigating the Adoption of Islamic Banking in the Base of Pyramid Market of Pakistan

The purpose of this research paper is to examine the adoption of Islamic banking (AIB) in the Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP) Market of Pakistan. The study used theory of planned behavior to hypothesize the relationship of the attitude (ATT), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), and Islamicity of the Product (IoP) on adoption of Islamic Banking (IB). Exploratory research design was used with a total of 400 questionnaires were distributed using a multi-staged stratified sampling (random sampling within each stratum) approach of which 320 usable questionnaires were returned representing 80 percent response rate. Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach was used to analyze the hypothesized relationship of the conceptual framework. Results indicated that attitude (ATT), subjective norms (SN), and Islamicity of product (IoP) explained notable effect on the adoption of Islamic banking comparatively the perceived behavioral control (PBC). The overall effect of ATT, SN, PBC, and IoP explained 39.3 percent on AIB within the context of BoP. The adoption of Islamic banking counts the aforementioned variables with their countable effects. The inclusive outreach and features explaining the Islamicity of the financial products can enhance the span Islamic banking market share. Islamic banking over the past decade has witnessed tremendous growth in Asian countries due to innovative financial offerings based on the Sharia Principles of Islam. This study contributed on how the Islamic financial products can be penetrated in the low-income markets like Pakistan with its specific focus in Southern region of the Punjab province. The theoretical framework of the study has demonstrated how the customer closely associated behaviors navigate the adoption of the Islamic banking.

A Study on Electronic Marketing and Customer Loyalty of Small and Medium Enterprises in Rwenzori Region

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have continued to face customer retention challenge which has been escalated by the changing customer product information needs. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between electronic marketing and customer loyalty among service firms in Rwenzori region. The study took a cross-sectional design which was quantitative in nature. Out of 170 small and medium enterprises operating in Kabarole, and Kyenjojo districts a sample of 118 was determined in accordance with Krejcie & Morgan sample determination table. Data was collected using questionnaires which were self-administered physically by the researchers. Necessary instrument validity and reliability checks were conducted and later subjected data to parametric assumptions’ test which informed the choice of data analysis methods. 110 out of 118 questionnaires distributed were returned but only 78 were error free constituting a 71 percent response rate. Study findings indicate that electronic marketing has a positive and significant relationship with Customer loyalty among service firms in these two districts in Rwenzori region (r = .480, p<.01; r = .616, p< .01; and r = .539, p< .01). This finding implies that the more firms accept, use and adopt latest communication technologies, the more the repurchase effects on the side of their customers. Since customer behaviour differ across industries and in different buying context, future studies should look at antecedents and consequences of customer loyalty in none service setting.

Older age associated with better antidepressant response to H1-coil transcranial magnetic stimulation in female patients

BackgroundTMS is increasingly used to treat depression, but predictors of treatment outcomes remain unclear. We assessed the association between age and TMS response given inconsistent prior reports limited by small sample size, heterogeneity, outdated TMS parameters, lack of assessment of H1-coil TMS, and lack of an a priori hypothesis. We hypothesized that older age would be associated with better treatment response based on trends in recent large exploratory analyses. MethodsWe conducted a naturalistic retrospective analysis of patients (n = 378) ages 18–80 with depression (baseline Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (QIDS-SR) > 5) who received 29–35 sessions of TMS between 2014 and 2021. Response was assessed using percent reduction of QIDS-SR. The relationship between percent response or remission and age group was assessed using the chi-square test. Results85 % of patients received the standard protocol of H1-coil TMS to the left DLPFC. Percent response and remission rates for the entire study sample increased with age (response: p = .026; remission: p = .0023). This finding was stronger in female patients (response: p = .0033; remission: p = .00098) and was not observed in male patients (response: p = .73; remission: p = .26). This was confirmed in a sub-analysis of patients who only received the standard protocol with the H1-coil for the entire treatment course. LimitationsNaturalistic retrospective analysis from one academic center. ConclusionsOlder age is associated with a better antidepressant response to H1-coil TMS in female patients. This was demonstrated in a hypothesis-driven confirmation of prior exploratory findings in a large sample size with a homogeneous data collection protocol across all participants.

Effectiveness of Program for Older People’s Health Literacy on Drug and Health Products: Northeast of Thailand

Abstract Introduction: A health literacy promotion program in drugs and health products was collaboratively developed and evaluated for effectiveness by researchers and stakeholders. Methods: A Solomon four-group randomized study was conducted in 2022. The participants were people aged ≥60 years enrolled at senior schools in Northeast Thailand. One hundred and eighty older people were randomly selected using multistage sampling and allocated into four groups, 45 members. The designed program covers six skills: access to health information, cognition, communication, decision-making, media literacy, and self-management. ANOVA and t-test were used. Results: One hundred percent response rate, participants of the program (Group 1) showed a significant improvement (pre–post) of 62.2% in their health literacy in drugs and health products use (151.54 ± 37.88, 245.73 ± 9.33, P < 0.001). Group 3, older people who joined the program with posttest only showed health literacy of 248.67 ± 11.54. In contrast, Group 2 and Group 4 with no program showed less health literacy of 149.02 ± 32.08 and 145.22 ± 34.14, respectively. On each item, the older people with the program consistently scored significantly higher across all domains (P < 0.001). The average score was 247.20 ± 10.54, which showed a high level of health literacy (≥75%). Among areas, decision-making skills revealed the highest score of 45.97 ± 1.81 out of 50. The overall satisfaction score on the program was 47.60 ± 1.50. Conclusion: The program demonstrated its effectiveness in improving the older population’s health literacy regarding drug and health product use. It holds potential as a strategy to encourage older people to rational drug use. Participants expressed a significant satisfaction with the program, recommended for the broader Thai older people community.

Modeling mobile payment acceptance among working-age users in the emerging market

Mobile payments are poised to become the predominant method of transaction as we progress towards a society with reduced reliance on cash. Despite the rapid growth of mobile payments, not everyone is willing to accept them due to their perception of a lack of security and confidence (Aboobucker & Bao, 2018). This study aims to examine the factors influencing the acceptance of mobile payment among working-age individuals in Malaysia. Data was collected through questionnaires, generating a 49 percent response rate. Descriptive, univariate, and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the data. Based on the underpinning of the technology acceptance model (TAM) the study discovers that perceived ease of use, personal innovativeness, and behavioral intention have a significant positive relationship with working-age acceptance of mobile payment. In contrast, perceived risk and social influence demonstrated an insignificant effect on working-age acceptance of mobile payment. Understanding these factors may enable service providers to allocate resources effectively and create a sustainable mobile payment ecosystem in the country (Moghavvemi et al., 2021). The study further holds significance for both managers and policymakers in their efforts to harness the potential of mobile payment services, in line with Bank Negara’s objective in transitioning towards a cashless society.

The Impact of Knowledge Management Process and Approach on Innovation Performance: A Case Study of Telekom Malaysia

The paper aims to examine the effect of knowledge management processes (knowledge acquisition, knowledge sharing and knowledge utilization) and knowledge management approaches (codification strategy and personalization strategy) on innovation performance in Telekom Malaysia. Quantitative research has been used as a research approach for the study. Data was collected through an online questionnaire. Out of 172 questionnaires distributed, 172 were returned with a 100 percent response rate. A Partial Least Square approach of Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) was used to examine the research hypothesis, and a path coefficients analysis was conducted, in addition to descriptive statistics that provide a background about the respondents. The analysis showed that there is a significant and positive impact of knowledge management processes (knowledge sharing & knowledge utilization) on innovation performance in Telekom Malaysia, as well as a significant and positive effect of personalization strategy approaches on innovation performance, whereas the knowledge process (knowledge acquisition) and (codification strategy) does not. This study contributed new insights to our present understanding of the impact of knowledge management processes and approaches on innovation performance in the telecommunications industries. With the help of these contributions, Telekom Malaysia can implement the proper knowledge management and practises in order to make better decisions in many ways of innovation performance. Although there are several sorts of innovation, all of them contribute to the generation of new knowledge within the organization

How attitudes of state and community leaders regarding health equity and social determinants of health are associated with behavioral intentions to improve population health.

A critical driver of population health, well-being, and equity is making health a shared value, or the belief that health is a priority for oneself and one's community. For people in positions of influence, attitudes regarding their organization's perspective may result in decisions that advance health equity or reinforce inequities. Yet despite the potential role of leaders in influencing health and well-being, little is known about their attitudes regarding their organization's perspective on what shapes health, or how their attitudes translate into actions that improve population health. The objectives of this study are twofold: (1) to understand leaders' attitudes with regard to their organization's perspective on population health and (2) to identify the attitudes associated with leaders' perspectives regarding their organization's intention to engage in behaviors that advance population health. We designed a survey instrument grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior and fielded the survey to 18,367 state and community leaders across all 50 U.S. states, 325 U.S. cities, and nine sectors from fall 2020 until spring 2022. We received surveys from 5,450 leaders, yielding a 32 percent response rate. Survey respondents viewed social determinants of health and health equity as important factors influencing population health. Additionally, two attitudes were most associated with leaders' intentions to promote population health-"self-efficacy" (a leader's confidence in taking action to promote health for all) and "behaviors valued by important others" (how much certain groups want the organization to take action that promotes health for all). Efforts to improve population health through leaders should focus on supporting leaders' self-efficacy and on increasing leaders' perceptions regarding behaviors valued by important others. Governmental entities and funders can use these data to support leaders' efforts in improving population health, well-being, and equity.

Unleashing Teacher Potential: Examining Motivation in West Akim Municipality’s Public Primary Schools, Ghana.

This study investigates the impact of motivational provisions on the performance of public basic school teachers and evaluates the influence of the school environment in West Akim Municipality, Ghana. Employing a positivist stance and quantitative research methodologies, the research addresses persistent challenges faced by teachers, such as the absence of structured motivational benefits and suboptimal working conditions. Utilizing a cross-sectional survey research design, the study comprehensively explores the dynamic relationship between motivation and teacher performance. The target population consists of 953 teachers in public basic schools across eight circuits, with a sample size of 238 teachers selected through simple random sampling, ensuring a 65 percent response rate. Data collection involves a carefully designed questionnaire administered by the researcher, prioritizing confidentiality and clear communication of the study’s purpose. Validity and reliability are enhanced through quantitative research paradigms supported by SPSS software version 22. A crucial finding reveals that schools in West Akim Municipality do not allocate any budget for teacher allowances. Identified deficiencies in staff common rooms, security concerns, and sanitation issues underscore the need for improved infrastructure and safety measures within school premises. Recommendations include the allocation of a dedicated budget for teacher allowances, encompassing meetings, transportation, overtime, and other relevant aspects. Additionally, enhancing common areas for teachers and prioritizing investments in security measures within school premises are emphasized to cultivate a positive working environment and foster collaboration among teachers.

Opioid use disorder and motivational interviewing: Training physician assistants for the epidemic.

(1) To evaluate the effectiveness of a curriculum on physician assistant (PA) students' knowledge about opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment and management and (2) present student satisfaction with the curriculum. Three cohorts of PA students completed pre- and post-intervention questionnaires about their knowledge of motivational interviewing (MI) for OUD. One cohort of students completed the 11-item questionnaire without exposure to the intervention (control group). Students' satisfaction with the curriculum was assessed as was their pre- and post-intervention knowledge about using MI for OUD. Bivariate statistical tests were used to analyze the quantitative data. Three hundred complete and usable responses were obtained from the four cohorts of PA students (n = 300, 87.7 percent response rate). The intervention groups answered a higher number of items correctly (median = 7) than the control group (median = 6, Wilcoxon sign test M = 31, p < 0.0001). Among the intervention group, there was not a statistically significant between cohort difference on: (1) the number of identical pre- and post-intervention questionnaire items answered correctly (Chi-square = 3.77, DF = 2, p = 0.15), and (2) the total number of items answered correctly on the post-intervention questionnaire (Chi-square = 0.32, DF = 2, p = 0.85). Student comments suggest students were supportive of the curriculum, with improvements noted on how to deliver the material. An educational intervention using MI for PA students was found to be valuable, and students who completed the intervention had greater knowledge about using MI with OUD patients than those who did not complete the training. The size of the effect was small, and more research on the curriculum is necessary prior to widespread adoption.

Tax Literacy and Tax Non-compliance Intention Among SME Owners in Malaysia: The Moderating Effect of Religiosity

The importance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) as the backbone in contributing to national income in Malaysia is undoubted. However, the Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia (IRBM) had reported statistical evidences pertaining to tax non-compliance among SMEs’ owners. Despite its importance, their tax non-compliance behaviour has not been given enough attention, particularly on their owners. Therefore, this study empirically investigates the tax literacy of SMEs’ owners on their tax non-compliance intention. This study intends to examine the relationship between the constructs of tax literacy and tax non-compliance intention as well as to test the moderating effect of religiosity. Employing survey design, questionnaires were randomly distributed to 580 SME owners in Malaysia, with 72.8 percent response rate. The data collected were analysed by using PLS-SEM statistical tool. Findings reveal that technical literacy positively influences tax non-compliance intention, whereas religiosity negatively influences tax non-compliance intention. Findings also indicate that the significant negative relationship between general literacy with tax non-compliance intention was stronger for SME owners with higher religiosity. These findings contribute theoretically and practically with imperative implications to academicians, government and tax authorities.

Developing a Sample Frame from Multiple Sample Frame Sources and Fielding a Survey to State and City Leaders

A critical driver of population health, well-being, and equity is making health a shared value, or the belief that health is a priority for oneself and one’s community. For people in positions of influence, attitudes regarding their organization’s perspective may result in decisions that advance health equity or reinforce inequities, yet little is known about leaders’ attitudes regarding their organization’s perspective on what shapes health, or how their attitudes translate into actions that improve population health. We conducted a mixed-mode survey from fall 2020 to spring 2022. The objectives of the survey were (1) to understand leaders’ attitudes regarding their organization’s perspective on population health and (2) to identify the attitudes associated with leaders’ perspectives regarding their organization’s intention to engage in behaviors that advance population health. Findings from this survey will fill the gaps in the evidence base regarding what people in positions of influence think about social determinants of health and health equity, as well as their attitudes regarding their organization’s perspective. A major challenge for the study was identifying the sample frame, meant to provide a list of all U.S. leaders at the city and state level covering ten sectors. We identified five sample frame sources from which we pulled and constructed a sample frame. We sampled 17,400 organizations and obtained completed surveys from 5,450 leaders, achieving a 32 percent response rate. We used the best sample frame sources we knew of to develop our sample frame. The percent of contact information we obtained from the five sample frame sources was high, and rates of ineligibility were low. Response rates varied widely by sector. Survey respondents tended to be slightly more male and very slightly more White compared to the full eligible sample, and more liberal than the general population.

Rugose spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin infested host plant volatiles elicit a host locating behavior of aphelinid parasitoid, Encarsia guadeloupae Viggiani (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

Parasitoids find their hosts by using cues released by herbivores and their host plants. In crop fields, these semiochemicals could be used for insect pest control by attracting and retaining natural enemies. The hymenopteran aphelinidae endoparasitoid, Encarsia guadeloupae (E. guadeloupae), selectively parasitizes rugose spiralling whitefly (RSW), Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin, an invasive pest of coconut in India, thus offering an effective way to improve RSW control under natural field conditions. However, the chemical interactions that occur in between the RSW infected host plants and E. guadeloupae were unknown. Hence, using olfactometer assays and chemical analyses, we investigated the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) mediating attraction of the parasitoid to RSW infested host plants. To investigate the attraction of the E. guadeloupae towards the healthy and RSW infected leaves of coconut (Cocos nucifera L), banana (Musa paradisiaca L) and custard apple (Annona squmosa L), we employed a six-arm olfactometer. The E. guadeloupae preferred the volatile compounds from RSW-infested host plants rather than healthy plants. A higher percent response rate of E. guadeloupae was observed in RSW-infected banana (35.83 %), followed by healthy banana (24.33 %), RSW-infested custard apple (16.33 %), and RSW-infested coconut (9.00 %) leaf volatiles, respectively. The volatile compounds emitted from RSW-infested and healthy plants have been studied using GC–MS with thermal desorption (TD). The results revealed more than 20 volatile compounds belonging to seven chemical classes were identified and characterized from infested plants by RSW. Of these, α-Ocimene, α-Pinene, 3-Carene, trans-α-Ocimene, and (E)-hex-3-ene-2, 5-diol were emitted at higher levels than other compounds its proven through PCA and Heat map analysis. These five compounds elicited the greatest attraction of E. guadeloupae towards RSW damaged plants. The synthetic blend of the above volatiles could be used as attractants to enhance the population of E. guadeloupae to manage RSW under field conditions.

The mediating effect of Entrepreneurs’ Cash waqf Intention by Means of Theory of Planned Behavior, Awareness and Religiosity for Business Growth

Purpose –This paper examines investigates the mediating effect of cash waqf intention on the relationship of cash waqaf awareness, religiosity, and the theory of planned behavior for perceived behavioral control, for business development Design/methodology/approach - A structured question was designed to elicit the entrepreneurs’ cash waqf awareness, religiosity, attitude, subjective norms, and intentions for perceived business development. Based on a convenience sampling method, 459 entrepreneurs in Nigeria with 92 percent response rate have involved in this research. SEM analysis was used to test the proposed model. Findings- Result shows that two most important variables to explain entrepreneur cash waqf intention for business growth is cash waqf awareness and attitude towards cash waqf. Practical implication- It is argued in this research that the presence of high level of cash waqf awareness and the attitude towards cash waqf can play an important role in achieving business growth. Originality/Value- The paper extends the applicability of the theory of planned behavior, cash waqf awareness and religiosity in investigating the effect of cash waqf intention in for business development.

Minding the osmol gap: a sentinel event and subsequent laboratory investigation

Introduction Many hospitals are unable to determine toxic alcohol concentrations in a clinically meaningful time frame. Thus, clinicians use surrogate markers when evaluating potentially poisoned patients. Index case A patient presented after an intentional antifreeze (ethylene glycol) ingestion with an osmol gap of −10.6 that remained stable one hour later. Further investigation revealed that the serum osmolality was calculated and not measured. The true osmol gap was 16.4, which correlated to a measured ethylene glycol concentration of 808 mg/L (80.8 mg/dL, 13.0 mmol/L). Survey A telephone survey of hospital laboratories in our catchment area was performed to investigate the potential for similar events. Results Thirty-eight (47 percent) hospitals responded. No laboratories were able to test for toxic alcohols. One hospital (2.6 percent) reported routinely calculating osmolality based on chemistries, while two hospitals (5.3 percent) reported scenarios in which this might occur. Thirty-five (92.1 percent) hospitals could directly measure osmolality. Two hospitals (5.3 percent) were reliant on outside laboratories for osmolality measurement. Limitations The 47 percent response rate and one geographic area are significant limitations. Discussion Over 10 percent of hospitals that responded could have significant difficulty assessing patients with toxic alcohol ingestion. Conclusions Until the standard of rapidly obtaining toxic alcohol concentrations is broadly implemented, we recommend that policies and procedures be put in place to minimize errors associated with the determination of the osmol gap.

Effect of Mobile Network Operator Facilitated Digital Credit on the Financial Health of Youth Borrowers in Kibera, Nairobi County, Kenya

Purpose: The increased advancements in technological integration within the financial sector has led to development of new credit platforms which improve access to borrowing among the youth. Further, with proliferation of digital lending platforms which provide unsecured loans has led to a debt chokehold among the youth. This has resulted in poor financial health among the youth. The general objective of the study was to analyze the effect of mobile network operator facilitated digital credit on the financial health of youth borrowers in Kibera, Nairobi County, Kenya.&#x0D; Methodology: The study employed a correlational research design. The population of interest for this study was youth borrowers who live and work in Kibera, Nairobi County. The sampling frame for this study was active users of digital credit who are between 18 and 35 years, residing in Kibera. The list was obtained from the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission’s (IEBC) voter register for Kibera Ward. A stratified sampling technique was used to select the respondents. The sample size was 399 respondents. Data was collected using structured questionnaires. SPSS was used to aid in the data analysis. A descriptive statistical technique of analysis was used and shall entail the determination of the mean and frequency distribution of the datasets. Further inferential analysis was conducted using both correlation and regression analysis. The data was presented in tables and figures.&#x0D; Findings: The study was able to obtain an 88 percent response rate, signifying high degree of accessibility of the youth in the area. Of these, most were male, while only 107 of the responses were from female respondents. The study established that mobile-facilitated digital credit on youth borrower’s financial health has a positive and significant effect on youth’s financial health. The study concludes that mobile network operator facilitated digital credit has a significant and positive effect on the borrower’s financial health. The study concludes that mobile operator facilitated loans are fast and easily accessible which increases their effectiveness to the user.&#x0D; Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The study recommends that mobile money operators that provide digital loans reduce their operation rates considering they have high interest rates for the small loans they offer. The study also calls for the development of progressive peer to peer regulations that would improve the penetration of these loan devices that have been identified as key to young entrepreneurs.

A randomized trial comparing beam F3 and 5.5 cm targeting in rTMS treatment of depression demonstrates similar effectiveness

BackgroundThe Beam F3 and 5.5 cm methods are the two most common targeting strategies for localizing the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) treatment site in repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) protocols. This prospective, randomized, double-blind comparative effectiveness trial assesses the clinical outcomes for these two methods in a naturalistic sample of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) undergoing clinical rTMS treatment. Methods105 adult patients with MDD (mean age = 43.2; range = 18–73; 66% female) were randomized to receive rTMS to the Beam F3 (n = 58) or 5.5 cm (n = 47) target. Between group differences from pre-to post-treatment were evaluated with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) [primary outcome measure], Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and clinician-administered Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Scale (MADRS). Primary treatment endpoint was completion of daily treatment series. ResultsPer-protocol analyses showed no statistically significant differences on any measure between the 5.5 cm and F3 groups (all p ≥ 0.50), including percent improvement (PHQ-9: 39% vs. 39%; GAD-7: 34% vs. 27%; MADRS: 40% vs. 38%), response rate (PHQ-9: 37% vs. 43%; GAD-7: 27% vs. 30%; MADRS: 43% vs. 43%), and remission rate (PHQ-9: 22% vs. 21%; MADRS: 20% vs. 19%). Post hoc analysis of anxiety symptom change while controlling for depression severity suggested more favorable anxiolytic effects with 5.5 cm targeting (p = 0.03). ConclusionsSimilar antidepressant effects were observed with DLFPC rTMS using either the Beam F3 or 5.5 cm targeting method, supporting clinical equipoise in MDD patients with head circumference ≤ 60 cm. Comparison to MRI-based targeting and differential effects on anxiety symptoms require further investigation. Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03378570.

Examining the Relative Importance and Association between Safety Leadership Styles and Factors Affecting Organizational Safety Climate

This study identifies safety leadership factors affecting construction site safety and organizational safety climate, offering suggestions for adopting optimistic leadership styles and a zero-accident vision. The literature review is done exclusively for identifying factors and improving core knowledge. This study developed a questionnaire to examine the relationships between the organizational safety climate and the safety leadership styles. The questionnaire was distributed to construction companies from all over India. The statistical analysis encompassed 396 verified responses from the survey, yielding an impressive 79.20 percent response rate. The valid responses collected were analysed to find the relative importance index and the association between the categorical variables. The results showed that “personal safety knowledge” ranked the highest while performing the relative importance index analysis. Furthermore, the chi-square analysis found two pessimistic leadership styles, namely “laissez-faire leadership” and “management-by-exception”, significantly associated with the safety climate. The study implies that the target audience must avoid adopting the two pessimistic leadership styles to improve the organizational safety climate. This study examines the various safety leadership styles practised among construction professionals for the first time in India. Specifically, it identifies critical factors that affect the organizational safety climate and pessimistic leadership styles that diminish the safety outcomes of the construction site. The results act as an eye-opener for the targeted audience (like senior and middle-level management professionals, academicians, and upcoming researchers) to enhance the safety of construction sites by adopting optimistic leadership styles with an idea of a ‘zero accident’ construction premises.

Small Power: How Local Parties Shape Elections by David Doherty, Conor M Dowling and Michael G Miller

So much media and political analyses center on political parties’ national leaders that officials at the grassroots get overlooked. But in Small Power's introduction, the authors emphasize that local parties are the “‘faces’ of the Democratic and Republican parties” (4), and “local party elites are involved in myriad electorally consequential activities” (5). In part one, the political scientists synthesize local party organization, especially how chairs are chosen, their demographics, and political activities. Through interviews and surveys, Doherty et al. stress that local chairs “have important responsibilities when it comes to executing electoral strategies. They set strategic priorities during their term, raise and spend money, and delegate tasks to subordinate members of the county unit” (15). These surveys led to a 20 percent response rate or 626 Democratic and 388 Republican chairs (18). Age, gender, race, ethnicity, education, and income demographics of chairs were compared by Doherty et al. Ultimately, there was an “over-representation of males” (32), and “chairs from both parties are far less racially diverse than the general public” (34).

Impact of restructuring resources and services and their utilization in IIT Roorkee library, India

PurposeThis paper examines the impact of restructuring on the usage of resources and services in the Indian Institute of Technology library, Roorkee. Library users were approached to know their preferences between an electronic and traditional resources and services. Additionally, the study focused to know the extent of change in users' awareness, dependency, usage, frequency and satisfaction from library resources and services after restructuring these due to the availability of abundance of e-resources.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted survey-based research design, for which a questionnaire was used as the principal instrument for data collection. This questionnaire was distributed to the library users when they physically visited the library. Notably, all the questionnaires distributed were returned, yielding thereby a cent percent response rate. One questionnaire was administrative on the librarian for getting the data regarding the changes made in the subscription of e-resources and services. The collected data were further analyzed with appropriate statistical techniques of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) as chi-square test, mean and standard deviation.FindingsThe results showed that the use of both restructured resources and services had increased, and was found to be helpful for users. Also, the users' dependency on library had increased, showing thereby an upward trend for usage in the future. However, although the users’ awareness, usage and frequency of e-resources and ICT-based services have positively changed, and partially been satisfied, the study suggests that further revision is needed for further strengthening e-resources and services as per user's needs satisfaction.Practical implicationsThis study would create interest in rethinking library resources and services among librarians that tend to respond positively to user satisfaction and library functions; it also provides a strategic position of a library per se for its users in the future. Importantly, the assessment of the usage of restructuring resources and services, vis-a-vis their impact on users, may also serve as a key tool, which possibly could be applied to both public libraries and other types of higher education libraries.Originality/valueMany libraries find it difficult to balance between electronic and printed materials, especially in the fields of science and technology, due to the preferences of the users. Thus far, there have not been too many studies that have looked to assess restructuring of library resources and services, vis-a-vis their impact on library users. Therefore, the results of this study would provide a clear understanding to the library profession as to how users use e-resources and services in the digital age, and how much they are actually influenced by these.