Percent Of Organs Research Articles

In-Vivo Anti-hyperglycemic Activity and Safety of The Aqueous Stem Bark Extracts of Aloe secundiflora

Aloe secundiflora has been used traditionally to manage many diseases including diabetes, however, its antidiabetic activity and safety is not well evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine in vivo hypoglycemic activity and safety of the aqueous stem bark extracts of this plant in male swiss white albino mice. The antidiabetic activity was screened in alloxan induced diabetic mice using oral and intraperitoneal routes. The safety of the extract was studied in mice that were orally and intraperitoneally administered with 1 g/kg body weight of the extract daily for 28 days by recording changes in body and organ weights, hematological and biochemical parameters. Mineral composition was estimated using total reflection X-ray fluorescence system and atomic absorption spectrometry. Phytochemical composition was assessed using standard procedures. The extract showed significant and consistent hypoglycemic activity at dose levels of 50 mg/kg body weight through oral route and 300 mg/kg body weight through intraperitoneal route. Oral administration of 1 g/kg body weight of the extract decreased levels of platelets, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and direct bilirubin while elevated the level of creatine kinase. Reduction in the growth rate and increase in percent of organ to body weight of brain together with elevated levels of mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, α-amylase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin were recorded in mice intraperitoneally administered with 1 g/kg body weight of the extract. The extracts contained tannins, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids. Sodium, Chlorine, Potassium, Calcium, Titanium, Vanadium, Chromium, Manganese, Iron, Copper, Zinc, Arsenic, Cadmium, and Magnesium were present in the extracts at levels below the recommended daily allowance. The observed hypoglycemic activity and slight toxicity could be associated with the phytochemicals and mineral/trace elements present in this extract.

Effect Of Some Slimming Drugs On Haematological And Some Vital Signs Of Albino Rats

Some of slimming drugs had been withdrawn from markets so, the present study was conducted to follow the effect of three different anorexic drugs; on the haematological and physical parameters of adults albino rats. The used drugs differ in their nature, where the first one i.e., apple-lite is a fully natural substance, the 2 nd one i.e., mirapront-N. is a chemical substance and the 3 rd one i.e., tenuate is a synthetic foamy filler substance. Fourty adult male albino rats (130  20g) were randomly divided into four groups, ten on each treated group and ten for the first group which conserved as control group. The 2 nd group was treated daily with apple-lite (3.5mg/ 100g.b.wt), the 3 rd group was treated daily with mirapro-N (0.14mg/100g.b.wt) and the 4 th group was treated daily with tenuate (0.1 mg/100g.b.wt). Haematological parameters (RBCs, WBCs count, haemoglobin content (Hb), hematocrit value (Hct%), mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell heamoglobin (MCH) and mean cell heamoglobin concentration (MCHC) were detected after 30 days of treatment and also after 15 days of the last treatment as a recovery period. Also, body weight, percent of organs weight/body weight, skin-fold thickness and some vital measurements i.e. heart beats, respiratory rate and rectal temperature were recorded after the same periods of treatment and recovery. Haematological studies revealed that RBCs count, total WBCs count, Hb and Hct values were significantly decreased in the three groups treated daily with anorexic drugs for 30 days. These changes aere also recorded after the recovery period except in apple-lite treated group which showed insignificant change in RBCs and Hb after the recovery period. The calculated mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) recorded significant increase in apple-lite after treated and recovery periods, while non significant changes in MCHC were observed after mirapro-N and tenuate groups after treatment 30 daysfor 30 days but significant increase of MCHC was recorded after the recovery period of tenuate treated group. Skin-fold thickness of the three regions tested (gluteal, back and belly) revealed significant decrease in all the treated groups except the belly region in apple-lite treated group which showed insignificant decrease after treatment for 30 days. Significant decrease of skin-fold thickness of different regions still present after the recovery period of 15 days in the three treated groups except the back region of mirapro-N and the belly region of apple-lite- treated rats which showed insignificant decrease. Percent of organs weight/body weight were affected according the type of tested drug, while apple-lite- caused non significant changes, mirapro-N caused significant increase in hepatosomatic ratio and cardiosomatic ratio, and significant decrease in gonadosomatic ratio. On the other hand, tenuate resulted in a significant increase in percentage weight of kidneys and hepatosomatic ratio and significant decrease of gonadosomatic ratio after treatment for 30 days. After the recovery period, apple-lite revealed significant decrease in brain/b.wt. ratio, while mirapro-N still affected kidneys, gonadosomatic ratio and brain and tenuate still affected gonadosomatic ratio and brain; they recorded significant decrease. The physical measurement of vital signs, i.e. heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature recorded insignificant change after treatment with apple-lite, mirapro-N and tenuate for 30 days, but significant increase of rectal temperature was recorded in the tenuate group of the treated rats. After recovery period insignificant changes in heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature of the treated rats were observed in the three treated groups.

A Study of Field Burning Under Varying Environmental Conditions

A field study on grass field burning was conducted in the Willamette Valley of Oregon during the summer of 1965. Approximately 230,000 acres of grass fields are burned in the valley during August and September. Serious air pollution problems result from this burning. The purposes of the study were to determine the effect of environmental variables on grass field burning and to determine if conditions exist when significant air pollution reduction can be achieved. The environmental variables investigated were time from harvest to burning, time of day, air temperature, relative humidity, soil and straw moisture, wind speed and direction, and fuel density. The dependent variables measured were particulate emission and size distribution, combustion temperature, burn rate, amount of ash, percent of organics in the particulate, and smoke appearance. The results were analyzed statistically to determine the significant variables and their relationship.