Percent Level Of Probability Research Articles

Growth and Export Performance of Pineapple from India: An Economic Analysis

The present study was undertaken to know the growth and export performance of pineapple. Pineapple (Ananas Comosus) is a tropical fruit belonging to the Bromeliaceae family, and it is commercially cultivated worldwide as a high-value crop. India is the sixth largest producer in the world. The objective of the study was to elucidate the growth and export performance of the Pineapple from India.The secondary data for analysis was collected from AGMARKNET, National Horticultural Board (NHB) and Agricultural and Processed Food products Export Development (APEDA). The results of the growth rate revealed a positive and increasing trend in pineapple exports from India during the study period, with an annual growth rate of 9.78 percent in quantity and 6.39 percent in value, which is significant at a five percent level of probability. The results of the Cuddy Della Valle index indicated that pineapple exports from India exhibit moderate instability, with values of 17.17 and 19.90 percent in quantity and value terms, respectively. It reveals that the average Nominal Protection Coefficient (NPC) value for pineapple was 0.53, indicating a moderate level of export competitiveness. Throughout the entire period, it is evident that India did not demonstrate competitiveness in pineapple exports, as indicated by the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA) values consistently being below unity and the Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) values being negative. The direction of the Indian pineapple trade was conducted using the Markov chain framework. Among the major importers, the United Arab Emirates stood out as one of the most stable markets with a high probability of retention at 0.624. Overall, Indian pineapple stands out as a reliable and competitive player in the global market, with a strong performance and potential for growth. Therefore, efforts should be focused on enhancing the quantity of exports while ensuring they meet the quality standards and align with the consumer preferences of other countries.

Knowledge Level of Farmers towards Use of Private Bio-fertilizers

Bio-fertilizers are ready-to-use live formulates of beneficial microorganisms that on application to seed, root or soil mobilize and augment the availability of nutrients through their biological activity in particular, and help build up microflora and soil health in general. The study was conducted in the Navsari district of South Gujarat using Ex-post facto research design. A total of 120 respondents were selected randomly. Private Bio-fertilizers in this study are referred to as the bio-fertilizers that are manufactured by private manufacturers. This study concluded that little less than half of respondents had moderate knowledge about use of private bio-fertilizers.The relationship between profile of the respondents and their knowledge level towards use of private bio-fertilizers revealed that Education, occupation, mass media exposure, scientific orientation were found positively and highly significantly associated at 1 per cent level of probability whereas, land holding, extension contact, social participation, risk orientation, economic motivation and management orientation were positively and significantly associated at 5 percent level of probability, while age, gender, family size, farming experience, annual income and family type had non-significant association with knowledge about use of private bio-fertilizers.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Beetle Lure (BFL 225) and Bullet Synthetic Multi-Attractant as Insect Baits in Untreated Grain Storehouses

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of synthetic general beetle lure and bullet synthetic multi attractant in trapping insects in untreated grain stores. Four grain stores (two each) in two major markets within Calabar metropolis, were sampled at random and selected for this research. Three groups of four traps each with sticky bases were treated as follows: Trap group “A” was treated with BFL225 pheromone multi-attractant, Trap group “B” was treated with bullet lure multi-attractant pheromone and Trap group “C” was untreated (control). This experiment was replicated on monthly basis for a period of eight months to also ascertain the influence of weather conditions on trapped insect population. Insects caught were identified base on the different trap efficacy and recorded following the method in Ukeh and Mordue, (2009). All traps were re-treated monthly for efficient trapping. Data obtained from the experiment were laid out as factorial in CRD and subjected to analysis of variance using GenStat statistical software (Version 6). Significant means were compared using LSD and DNMRT at 5 percent level of probability. Insects trapped and identified include Sitophilus spp , Corcyra ciphilonica, Tribolium castaneum and Callosobrochus maculatus. The treated trap groups (A and B) significantly (p<0.05) caught more insects than the untreated trap group (control). However, between the treated trap groups, the BFL 225 significantly (p<0.05) caught more insects than the bullet lure treated trap. The number of insets caught also varied significantly (p<0.05) with different months. The wet month of August significantly had the highest number of insects followed by June. The dry months of January and February also had high number of insects relative to the other months. The least number of insects caught were obtained in the months of April and May. The interaction between the trap treatment type and month was significant (p<0.05). Generally, higher number of insects were caught in both treated and untreated trap groups in the wet month (June – August) compared to other months. BFL 225 treated trap groups significantly caught the highest number of insects in August, followed by the bullet treated trap group and the untreated in the same month. The bullet lure treated traps caught the least number on insects in April and May and was not significantly (p<0.05) different from the number caught by untreated trap (control) in the month of April. The trap treated with BFL225 caught the highest number of insect. Hence, this research supports the use of BFL 225 as an efficient tool in integrated pest management approach for stored grains. Keywords: Beetle lure, Bullet synthetic, Insects, Pheromone, Treated traps. DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/12-20-03 Publication date: October 31 st 2022

Are Remittances of Migrants from Rural Households Improving Investment in Agriculture: Empirical Evidences from Tamil Nadu State of India

A study was conducted in seven villages of Peddanayakenpalayam block of Salem district in Tamil Nadu to understand the impact of remittances of migrants on the Agricultural Well being of their families. The sample size consisted of 100 migrant farm families and the respondents were selected using proportionate random sampling method. A vast majority (87%) of respondents of this study replied that using the remittances of their migrant family members they could able to purchase cows, goats and chicks. Another conspicuous impact on agriculture due to remittances of migrant family members were purchase of new agriculture field/ land and laying of irrigation channels/pipe lines. Nearly three – fifth (59%) of respondents told that they brought un cultivated land to in cultivation using the remittances of their migrated family members. Type of family duration of migration and average pay per month had shown a positive significant contribution for impact of remittances of migrant family members on agricultural well-being at one Percent level of probability. Multiple regression analysis was resorted to find out the contribution of Independent variables on the dependent variable, Impact of Remittances on Agricultural Well-being of Migrant Househols. Working Conditions was found to significantly contributing to impact of remittance of migrant family members on agricultural well-being at five Percent level of probability. Number of destination was found to have a negative significant contribution towards the impact of remittance on agricultural well-being at one Percent level of probability

Effective corporate social responsibility as a panacea for peaceful cohabitation between organisation and host communities: University of Agriculture Makurdi Nigeria’s experience 1988-2015

Corporate Social responsibility is the ability of organisations to give back to the society through mutually beneficial initiatives to guarantee a conflict-free co-existence. Consequently, this study was carried out to assess the impact of corporate social responsibility of the Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi on its host communities. Snowball sampling technique was used to select 100 respondents for the study. Data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages and paired sample t-test methods. The results revealed that employment opportunities, agricultural innovations, extension services (adopted villages), electricity and water were the specific social responsibilities carried within the host communities. . The result of the Chi square statistic (20.967) at 5 percent level of probability showed that the projects had little positive impact on the means of livelihood of her host communities. It was concluded that the Cooperate Social Responsibility (CSR) projects of FUAM in the host communities were inadequate, hence the occasional disturbance by youths. It was recommended that the university should embark on more CSR Projects in the host communities.

Buffalo farming profitability in beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries dairy farmers of Krishi Vigyan Kendra

Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) in India are playing a significant role in transfer of all feasible technologies in the field of agriculture and allied field to farmers and farm women's at field level. This study was under taken to assess and compare the profitability from the buffalo farming of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries dairy farmers of KVK for the year 2012. The Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bichpuri, Agra of Uttar-Pradesh was purposively selected for the study as many training programs on Animal Husbandry and Dairying for dairy farmers were conducted at this Kendra. A total 60 trained dairy farmers, 60 nontrained dairy farmers were selected in the study and data were collected through personal interview and personal observation. The results indicated that the average total fixed cost involved in the buffalo farming of beneficiaries was higher than that of non-beneficiaries dairy farmers of KVK. The total variable cost was worked out to be more than 80 percent in both beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries dairy farmers of KVK. The net profit from the buffalo farming was higher for beneficiary's dairy farmers (Rs.12510) as compared to non-beneficiaries dairy farmers (Rs.6455) of KVK. There was significant difference at 1 percent level of probability between the beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries dairy farmers regarding mean net profit from buffaloes. It could be concluded that the Transfer of Technology (TOT) through Krishi Vigyan Kendra were able to increase the profit of the beneficiaries dairy farmers from their enterprise.

Influence Of Socio-Economic Factors On Crop Farmers’ Production In Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Lga Of Rivers State, Nigeria

This paper investigated the influence of socio-economic factors on crop farmers production in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area of Rivers State. Purposive and stratefied random sampling techniques were used to select the locations of Green River Project, cooperative societies and respondents. Using structured questionnaire, a field study was conducted with one hundred and twenty GRP farmers. A multiple regression analysis showed that years of farming experience, farm size and value of input were statistically significant as 5.0 percent level of probability. The combined effects of explanatory socio-economic variables (Age of farmers, years of farming experience, family size, annual farm income, educational level and value of inputs explained 40.2% of the total variation in the value of output of GRP farmers which were statistically significant at 10% probability level. Since positive influence of the variable inputs on the production has been noted, stakeholders should increase the level of subsidy farm inputs so as to make the inputs available and affordable to the farmers. It is therefore recommended that the project should supply inputs on time and made affordable, since farming is time bound, in order to improve on the beneficiaries agricultural output.Keywords: Influence, socio-Economic, Green River Project

Impact of selected Rural Development Programmes on Poverty Alleviation in Ikwuano LGA, Abia State, Nigeria

Rural development is a veritable tool for fighting poverty and achieving economic prosperity at the grassroots level. The concept of rural development embraced by most countries connotes a process through which rural poverty is alleviated by sustained increases in the productivity and incomes of low – income workers and households. The major thrust of this study was to examine the impact of selected rural development programmes in Ikwuano Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria. The area under study was purposively selected because of its agricultural potential, high proportion of farmers as well as concentration of agricultural institutions. The selection of programmes for the study was impinged on their long years of existence. The study sought to determine the number of available rural development programmes with poverty alleviation objectives in the area; assess the extent of awareness and participation of rural people in the programmes; and examine the impact of the programmes on farmers’ income, farm size, production and productivity. Multi – stage random sampling method was employed in the selection of communities and respondents. A well-structured questionnaire was used to elicit responses on socio – economic characteristics and other relevant variables from a random sample of 160 respondents comprising beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries from Ikwuano local government of Abia state, Nigeria. The results showed that the rural development programmes which had poverty alleviation objectives impacted significantly on productivity and farm income at 5 percent level of probability. Awareness was perceptibly high while participation was more in Agricultural Development Programme (ADP), with an overwhelmingly percentage representation of about 79, than in others. Programme planners and implementers are therefore urged to intensify awareness creation among rural dwellers and adopt the use of community driven development approach (CDD) in the execution of rural development projects with poverty alleviation thrust. Government, at all levels, was advised to adopt price support policy that raises income of producers.

Role of market information in the performance and spatial integration of grain markets in Kaduna State

This paper examines the role market information can play in the performance of the grain marketing system. The analyses were based on data collected from a cross section of two sets of grain traders with and without access to market information. empirical results from the study show that grain traders obtained market related information from colleagues, market associations and mass media, which enables them to forecast likely future market trends, making business decisions and in allocating resources among competing alternatives. Statistical test indicated a significant difference between the marketing efficiency ratios of grain traders with and without access to market information at the five percent level of probability. the degree of spatial arbitrage between the markets showed that markets for those with access to information were integrated, while markets for traders without access to market information were not. setting up a mechanism for the collection, monitoring and analysis of price trend data, organizing training workshops for grain traders in processing and interpretation of market information, use of traders association in collecting information to a central pool where it can be collated and made available to members. Keywords: market information, performance, spatial integration, grain markets, Kaduna StateInternational Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development Vol. 6 2005: 126-131

Attitude Of Extension Personnel To Training And Visit Extension System In Benue And Plateau States, Nigeria

This study was undertaken to find out the attitudes of extension workers to the training and visit (T&V) extension system as a complimentary step to specify if this extension approach is on course in Nigeria. Results obtained indicate that about 10.8, 65.8 and 23.3% of the extension personnel in Benue and Plateau states hold poor, moderately favourable and high favourable attitudes to T&V system respectively. Although the mean attitude scores for the various levels of extension staff were not found to be significantly different at 5 percent level of probability, the mean score for the project headquarters staff (106.25) was highest while that of the zonal extension officers (79.0) was lowest. In order to make the attitudes of extension workers more affirmative, the paper recommended, inter alia, staff motivation, minimizing political and administrative interference in staff work and a reasonable reduction in the work load of extension staff. Key words: attitude, extension personnel, training and visit Journal of Agriculture and Social Research Vol.4(1) 2004: 1-12

Studies on the Energy and Protein Values of Faba Beans for Poultry Rations

Faba beans is at present not usually included in commercial poultry diets in Japan. This is partly due to a lack of information on its nutritive value and partly because it is not available in quantities which would make its commercial use attractive. The acreage of faba beans grown in Canada is increasing rapidly and it is likely that the near future faba beans will be available in commercially worthwhile quantities. Faba beans if used in poultry diet formulations would probably replace corn-soybean meal mixture of equivalent protein content.In the experiments described in this paper the metabolizable energy contents, protein digestibility and the value of including various levels of faba beans in rations for early chiok growth were determined for two varieties of faba beans samples.Experiment 1.The experiment was designed to determine the effects of different disintegrator screen sizes of 1mm and 3.5mm on the metabolizable energy value (ME) of faba beans.screen, mm Kcal/Kg dry matterHerry freya beans 1.0 2, 4943.5 2, 217Diana beans 1.0 2, 3413.5 2, 133The ME value of the faba beans increased significantly at the 1 percent level of probability as the particle size of the beans decreased. The difference in the ME value of two varieties of Faba Beans was significant at the 5 percent level of probability.Experiment 2.The digestibility coefficients of crude protein of Herry freya beans and Diana beans were, on the average, 87.3 and 87.9 percent respectively. The difference in crude protein coefficients of two varieties of faba beans was not significant. Effect of particle size on percent digestion was not significant.Experiment 3.The amino acid composition of the two varieties of beans studied match the requirements (NRC, 1971) of chicks closely except for the sulfur-containing amino acids and glycine. The content of critical amino acids of faba beans were compared with soybean meal. Methionine content was only 70 percent of that of the soybean meal.Experiment 4.One-day-old male White Leghorn chicks were housed in tier brooders and reared for one week on a chick mash of standard composition. They were then weighed individually and allocated to thirty groups of similar mean weight, each of 10 chicks. Three groups were fed on one of the ten experimental mash diets for further 3 weeks.The pancreas from each was immediately excised, dissected free from fat and other material and weighed wet. Faba beans was fed as the replacement for 25%, 12.5%, 6.25% and 3.125% of corn-soybean protein in the ration. The experiments also attempted to access the value of heat treatment and methionine supplementation in improving the nutritive value of faba beans.There was a indication of improved body weight gain with faba beans groups compared corn-soybean meal groups when methionine was supplemented. Heat treated beans as compared to raw faba beans in chick diets resulted in non-significant difference in weight gain, feed conversion and pancreas weight.Faba beans was used succesfully as a replacement for 25 percent of corn-soybean protein in the ration, which were supplemented with methionine.

Field Plot Technique for the Evaluation of Strawberry Cultivars1

Abstract Size and number of plots is an important consideration for strawberry breeders and other researchers engaged in the evaluation of strawberry cultivars. Edgar (2) found at East Mailing that plots of about 50 plants planted on the square were best, but Taylor (3) considered the variability in Edgar’s plots to be abnormally low, and advocated plots of 24 plants arranged in a twin row. He considered that seven replicates were necessary to measure a 20 percent difference at the 5 percent level of probability. Baker and Voth (1) in California considered 3 plots of 50 plants or 8 of 25 plants necessary to reduce heterogeneity to an acceptable level for scoring clones for resistance to Verticillium wilt in a “wilt nursery.” All of these researchers were working with strawberries on the hill system, whereas the matted row system is standard in Eastern North America.

Field Plot Technique for the Evaluation of Strawberry Cultivars1

Abstract Size and number of plots is an important consideration for strawberry breeders and other researchers engaged in the evaluation of strawberry cultivars. Edgar (2) found at East Mailing that plots of about 50 plants planted on the square were best, but Taylor (3) considered the variability in Edgar’s plots to be abnormally low, and advocated plots of 24 plants arranged in a twin row. He considered that seven replicates were necessary to measure a 20 percent difference at the 5 percent level of probability. Baker and Voth (1) in California considered 3 plots of 50 plants or 8 of 25 plants necessary to reduce heterogeneity to an acceptable level for scoring clones for resistance to Verticillium wilt in a “wilt nursery.” All of these researchers were working with strawberries on the hill system, whereas the matted row system is standard in Eastern North America.

Hematologic Changes in Man Resulting from a Regimen of Isometric Exercise

Abstract Twelve human subjects were assigned to two groups of equal numbers. One group trained isometrically; the other served as a control. Resting blood samples were taken 1, 3, 5, 7, and 8½ weeks after initiation of training, and 2 and 3 weeks after cessation of training. Blood was examined for coagulation time, hemoglobin concentration, and for erythrocyte, leucocyte, and platelet counts. Packed cell volumes were determined before and after training. Scores indicative of muscular strength were recorded throughout training. Isometric training may have produced a chronic decrease in coagulation time; it had no effect on hemoglobin concentration or on erythrocyte, leucocyte, and platelet counts. Increases in scores indicative of muscular strength were statistically significant (1 percent level of probability).

Relationship of Maturation Age to Incidence of Injury in Tackle Football

Abstract X-ray films of the right hand and wrist of 62 boys, age 13 to 16 years, engaged in tackle football (junior high school) were assessed for maturation (skeletal) age. Of this group, 31 were injured and a like number were not injured during a regular season of play. In the injured group, 21 (68%) were advanced, their skeletal age being more than their chronological age, and 10 (32%) were retarded, their skeletal age being less than their chronological age. The average skeletal age of the injured group was 15 years 5 months, and the average chronological age was 14 years 9 months, a difference of 8 months. This difference was found to be significant at the 5 percent level of probability. In the noninjured group, 23 (74%) were advanced, and 8 (26%) were retarded. The average skeletal age of the noninjured group was 15 years 3 months and the average chronological age was 14 years 8½ months. This difference of 6½ months was found to be significant at the 2 percent level of probability. The mean differen...

Performance as Affected by Incentive and Preliminary Warm-Up

Abstract Forty-six male students, ages 18 to 22 years, were given a softball throw for distance without warming up and with a 5-minute related warm-up preceding throwing. The subjects were divided into two groups with the sequence of warm-up and no warm-up alternated on different days in order to reduce the possibility of practice effect, learning, or other unforeseen factors. Three throws for maximum distance were allowed for each testing period. In an attempt to rule out the possible psychological effects of not making a maximum throw without preliminary warm-up, the subject was given a monetary reward for each throw greater than his established average. A significant difference at the 1 percent level of probability was found between trials 1 and 3 when no warm-up preceded throwing. No significant difference was found between trials when throwing was preceded by a warm-up. Despite the significant increase in distance between trials 1 and 3 when no warm-up preceded throwing, subjects threw on the average...