Percent For Men Research Articles

Assessment of Back Pain Patients Knowledge and Compliance about their Disease at Azadi Teaching Hospital

Background : Back discomfort can be quite unpleasant, but it is seldom serious. Back pain may afflict anybody, regardless of age, although it is more frequent in persons who are 35 to 55 years old. Objectives of the study to analyze the knowledge and compliance of back pain patients with their condition, as well as to determine the link between patient knowledge and various socio-demographic characteristics such as age and gender in Kirkuk city. Methods :- descriptive research with a quantitative design was conducted for back pain patients at Azadi Teaching Hospital (rehabilitation unit) in Kirkuk from Jun 2, 2023 to February 6, 2024. A non-probability (purposive) test of (100) grown-up patients with back torment were conceded to the Azadi Instructing Healing center (restoration unit) in Kirkuk. The created survey was built for the reason of the think about and comprised of four parts: the primary portion included (6) things of statistic information, the moment portion contained (5) things of patients' restorative dates, the third portion contained (40) questions evaluating the information of back torment patients, and the fourth portion contained (10) questions around back torment compliance. Information were assembled through interviews. They were inspected utilizing clear measurable examination (recurrence and rate) and inferential measurable information investigation (chi-square T-test and ANOVA) with the factual bundle for social science (SPSS) adaptation (22). Results : The study's findings revealed that the majority of back pain patients (32%) were between the ages of 35 and 44, with a female to male ratio of 57.0 percent for females and 43.5 percent for men. Conclusion and Recommendations: The study find that back pain patients had insufficient knowledge about (general information, causes of back pain, signs and symptoms), as well as enough compliance with the item. It is recommended planned an instructive programs to extend individuals information approximately back torment and Advertisements and some health education initiatives on back pain should be promoted via mass media.

Pengembangan Metode Serbuk Daun Suji (Pleomele angustifolia N.E.Br) sebagai Identifikasi Sidik Jari Laten

Fingerprint is a technology that can be used to identify a person. The dusting method is most often used on latent fingerprints because it is relatively easy and simple. However, the composition of the ingredients used in latent fingerprint powder is toxic and can be hazardous to health. This research was carried out using a new natural powder from Suji leaf as a simple, non-toxic, and cheaper. Suji leaf powder produces a green color that comes from the chlorophyll compounds contained in it. This chlorophyll compound will bind to alanine to identify latent fingerprints. The particle sizes used in this study were of 60-200 mesh. The results found that the particle sizes of 100 and 200 mesh provided good green contrast and clear visualization of the fingerprint patterns. Meanwhile, at the particle size of 60 and 80 mesh, it was found that the results were not clear visualized. The highest percentage of fingerprint patterns based on blood group, gender and ethnicity was found in form of loops. The percentage of fingerprint patterns formed based on the highest was of O 31.1; B 12.2; AB 8.8; and A 6.6 percent. The highest percentage of fingerprint patterns formed by gender were of 45.5 for women and 13.3 percent for men. The highest percentage of fingerprint patterns formed by ethnicity were Malay 21.1, Batak 20, and Javanese 17.7 percent.

Part Time Pay Penalties Persisting in US Labor Markets

Part Time Pay Penalties Persisting in US Labor Markets

Returns to Education in Azerbaijan: Some New Estimates

ABSTRACT This article estimates private and social returns to investment in education in Azerbaijan, using the 2015 Azerbaijan Monitoring Survey for Social Welfare. The private rate of return to education is 6 percent; this is the first estimate of returns to schooling in Azerbaijan since 1995. The returns to schooling are 6 percent for men and 8 percent for women, even controlling for selection. In addition, the article estimates the returns for higher education; for this level, the rate of return is 9 percent. Finally, using the full discount method, the private rate of return for tertiary education is 9 percent, and the social rate of return is 8 percent. One policy implication is to reexamine the funding of higher education and its expansion.

Education and Labor Market Consequences of Student Protests in Late 1970s and the Subsequent Military Coup in Turkey

1970s witnessed violent, widespread, and highly-politicized student protests in Turkey. Small protests turned into bloody street clashes, the death toll exceeded 5,000, and a military coup came in - which resulted in mass arrests. Universities were at the center of the conflict and violence. We present a comprehensive empirical analysis of the education and labor market consequences of this political turmoil on cohorts directly exposed to educational disruptions. First, we document that the number of new admissions and graduates in post-secondary education declined significantly due to the turmoil. We report the decline in post-secondary graduation ratio to be around 6.6-7 percentage points for the exposed individuals. Second, we estimate a counterfactual wage distribution for the exposed cohorts using semi-parametric methods and check whether the turmoil affected the wage and occupation distributions. We find that the decline in educational attainment due to the turmoil pushed the exposed population toward medium- and low-income occupations, and compressed their wages toward the minimum wage. Finally, we use the unexpected decline in educational attainment as an IV to estimate returns to schooling. Our IV estimates suggest that the returns to an additional year of schooling range between 11.6-14 percent for men. In a heterogeneous-outcome framework, these IV estimates can be interpreted as the average causal effect of an additional year of schooling in post-secondary education.

Can Catastrophic Long-Term Care Insurance Policies Increase Private Insurance Coverage and Reduce Medicaid Expenditure?

Abstract Using an inter-temporal optimization model of long-term care insurance purchase decisions, we evaluate catastrophic long-term care insurance policies that cover the tail risk of long-term care costs at affordable premiums. Under our baseline model, we show theoretically that introducing catastrophic policies will induce 11 percent of middle-income men and 3 percent of middle-income women to initiate private insurance coverage. As a result, Medicaid costs will be reduced by 0.20 percent and 0.19 percent for men and women, respectively.

Diabetes mellitus and obesity in the French Caribbean: A special vulnerability for women?

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of diabetes and its risk factors among French Caribbean adults. This cross-sectional study included 18–74-year olds (N = 2252; 56.5 percent women) who underwent a heath examination in Guadeloupe during July–December 2014. Diabetes was defined as using antidiabetic treatment, or fasting glucose ≥7 mmol/l, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥6.5 percent; diabetes control was defined as HbA1c < 7 percent. Multilevel logistic regression was used. Diabetes prevalence was 8.2 percent for women and 5 percent for men (age-adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for women = 2.0; 95 percent confidence interval [CI]: 1.4–2.9). The proportion of women with diabetes who were aware of it was 84.5 versus 67.3 percent in men (aOR = 2.7; 95 percent CI: 1.2–6.2). Nearly, all diagnosed participants were being treated. In less than a third of diabetics in both sexes was diabetes control obtained. Most women (55.3 percent) had a waist circumference at or above the National Cholesterol Education Program thresholds versus 14 percent of men (aOR = 9.3; 95 percent CI: 7.5–11.7), which wholly accounted for excess diabetes in women. In women, obesity and diabetes were associated with low education and income. In this French Caribbean sample, abdominal obesity and diabetes affected more women. Diabetes was rarely controlled. A comprehensive women’s health policy for the prevention of abdominal obesity and diabetes is needed.

Employment at Older Ages and Social Security Benefit Claiming

A retired worker’s Social Security benefit depends in part on the age at which he or she claims benefits. Working longer and claiming benefits later increase the monthly benefit. Information about trends in employment at older ages and the age at which individuals claim Social Security benefits can help policymakers assess the effectiveness of current policies in influencing the timing of retirement and benefit claims. Both the labor force participation rate among older Americans and the age at which they claim Social Security retirement benefits have risen in recent years. For example, from 2000 through 2015, the labor force participation rate among individuals aged 65–69 rose from 30 percent to 37 percent for men and from 19 percent to 28 percent for women. Since 2000, the proportion of fully insured men and women who claim retirement benefits at the earliest eligibility age of 62 has declined substantially.

Do Skill Mismatches Create a Wage Penalty? Alternative Estimates for Korea*

In this paper, we estimate the wage penalty of skill mismatches among young Korean workers using propensity score matching (PSM) and ordinary least squares (OLS) methods. OLS estimates suggest that a moderate wage penalty results from skill mismatches: 3.8 percent for men and 5.6 percent for women. In contrast, PSM estimates suggest a weakly significant wage penalty for men and women only when kernel matching (KM) is used, but not when nearest neighbor matching(NNM) or radius matching (RM) techniques are used. These results contradict the findings of previous studies and suggest that there may not be a substantial wage penalty associated with skill mismatches.

Total and Partial Prevalence of Cancer Across Kerman Province, Iran, in 2014, Using an Adapted Generalized Network Scale-Up Method.

Due to the lack of nationwide population-based cancer registration, the total cancer prevalence in Iran is unknown. Our previous work in which we used a basic network scale-up (NSU) method, failed to provide plausible estimates of total cancer prevalence in Kerman. The aim of the present study was to estimate total and partial prevalence of cancer in southeastern Iran using an adapted version of the generalized network scale-up method. A survey was conducted in 2014 using multi-stage cluster sampling. A total of 1995 face-to-face gender-matched interviews were performed based on an adapted version of the NSU questionnaire. Interviewees were asked about their family cancer history. Total and partial prevalence were estimated using a generalized NSU estimator. The Monte Carlo method was adopted for the estimation of upper/lower bounds of the uncertainty range of point estimates. One-yr, 2-3 yr, and 4-5 yr prevalence (per 100,000 people) was respectively estimated at 78 (95%CI, 66, 90), 128 (95%CI, 118, 147), and 59 (95%CI, 49, 70) for women, and 48 (95%CI, 38, 58), 78 (95%CI, 66, 91), and 42 (95%CI, 32, 52) for men. The 5-yr prevalence of all cancers was estimated at 0.18 percent for men, and 0.27 percent for women. This study showed that the generalized familial network scale-up method is capable of estimating cancer prevalence, with acceptable precision.

Wage returns to mid-career investments in job training through employer supported course enrollment: evidence for Canada

Abstract Using longitudinal data for Canada, we analyze the incidence and wage returns to employer supported course enrollment for men and women. Availability of confidential data, along with a relatively rich set of observable covariates, lead us to the estimation of difference-in-differences matching models of the effect of employer supported course enrolment on wages. The estimated average treatment effects on the treated range from 5.5 to 7.2 percent for men and 7.1 to 9.0 for women. While high-skilled workers show disproportionately higher rates of participation in employer-supported training, we observe no wage premiums for these types of workers. Statistically significant positive wage returns are found, on the other hand, for low-skilled workers. JEL codes: C14, I20, J24, J31, M53

Wage Returns to Mid-Career Investments in Job Training Through Employer-Supported Course Enrollment: Evidence for Canada

Using longitudinal data for Canada, we analyze the incidence and wage returns to employer supported course enrollment for men and women. Availability of confidential data, along with a relatively rich set of observable covariates, lead us to the estimation of difference-in-differences matching models of the effect of employer supported course enrolment on wages. The estimated average treatment effects on the treated range from 5.5 to 7.2 percent for men and 7.1 to 9.0 for women. While high-skilled workers show disproportionally higher rates of participation in employer-supported training, we observe no wage premiums for these types of workers. Statistically significant positive wage returns are found, on the other hand, for low-skilled workers.

Income as a Determinants for Old Age Institutional Care in Finland

Aim and Motivation: This paper investigates the income and socio-economic effects on institutional long-term care demand (LTC) in Finland from an economics perspective. If lessons are learned from major contributors of care needs and costs then preventative measures can be designed to answer these challenges. The motivation for this paper is that LTC costs are expected to increase in Finland by 50 percent per annum in the next 25 years due to the doubling of the 65 years old population (by 2039). Aging of populations and workforce is a European wide phenomenon. Definitions: LTC for old age people is by definition care for chronic sickness and disability in the last years of life. It can be either formal or informal care (or both) delivered to a homelike environment (home care) or given at an institution (institutional care).Methods: The economics of LTC care are reviewed based on existing literature. Next the econometric and institutional context is described. A longitudinal competing risks and multinomial logit model are estimated. The two competing risks are institutional entry or death outside institution. Data: Finnish Health2000 individual level survey data from year 2000 linked with a day-by-day care register follow-up till end of 2010. The sample consists of N=3245 over 50 year old age population.Results: It is found that higher household (OECD) and personal income reduce demand for institutional LTC care controlling for health, functional capacity and key living habits. The difference between extreme income quintiles (lowest vs. highest) is 1,3 percent for men and 0,6 percent for women. This result suggests that institutional care may include disutility from a consumer preferences point of view. The highest risks of institutional LTC care are found among small income, single living and cognitively disabled highly aged people (over 80, 90 years old). Neurological diseases and cancer are the biggest risk factors of institutional entry. For deaths outside institution the biggest risks are dementia and cancer. ADL problems and old age frailty contribute to both competing risks.Policy conclusions: There are significant socio-economic inequalities in institutional LTC care entry. Prevention of neurological and living habits diseases (smoking, weight disorders) has potential for cost savings in institutional care services.

HIV Status Awareness, Partnership Dissolution and HIV Transmission in Generalized Epidemics

ObjectivesHIV status aware couples with at least one HIV positive partner are characterized by high separation and divorce rates. This phenomenon is often described as a corollary of couples HIV Testing and Counseling (HTC) that ought to be minimized. In this contribution, we demonstrate the implications of partnership dissolution in serodiscordant couples for the propagation of HIV.MethodsWe develop a compartmental model to study epidemic outcomes of elevated partnership dissolution rates in serodiscordant couples and parameterize it with estimates from population-based data (Rakai, Uganda).ResultsVia its effect on partnership dissolution, every percentage point increase in HIV status awareness reduces HIV incidence in monogamous populations by 0.27 percent for women and 0.63 percent for men. These effects are even larger when the assumption of monogamy can be relaxed, but are moderated by other behavior changes (e.g., increased condom use) in HIV status aware serodiscordant partnerships. When these behavior changes are taken into account, each percentage point increase in HIV status awareness reduces HIV incidence by 0.13 and 0.32 percent for women and men, respectively (assuming monogamy). The partnership dissolution effect exists because it decreases the fraction of serodiscordant couples in the population and prolongs the time that individuals spend outside partnerships.ConclusionOur model predicts that elevated partnership dissolution rates in HIV status aware serodiscordant couples reduce the spread of HIV. As a consequence, the full impact of couples HTC for HIV prevention is probably larger than recognized to date. Particularly high partnership dissolution rates in female positive serodiscordant couples contribute to the gender imbalance in HIV infections.

Unions, Norms, and the Rise in U.S. Wage Inequality

From 1973 to 2007, private sector union membership in the United States declined from 34 to 8 percent for men and from 16 to 6 percent for women. During this period, inequality in hourly wages increased by over 40 percent. We report a decomposition, relating rising inequality to the union wage distribution’s shrinking weight. We argue that unions helped institutionalize norms of equity, reducing the dispersion of nonunion wages in highly unionized regions and industries. Accounting for unions’ effect on union and nonunion wages suggests that the decline of organized labor explains a fifth to a third of the growth in inequality—an effect comparable to the growing stratification of wages by education.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome, its components and hyperuricemia among Kazakh people in Xinjiang Uighur autonomous region

Objective To study prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) , it's components and hyperuricemia (HUA) among Kazakh people in Xinjiang Uighur autonomous region, China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Kazakh people aged 35 years and over in seven prefectures of Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Kelamayi (Karamay) , Fukang, Tulufan (Turpan), Hetian (Hotan) , Aletai (Altay) and Yili during October 2007 to March 2010, with a four-stage cluster sampling, the total sample size were 4094. Through the methods of questionnaire survey, physical examination, biochemical examination and so on, to study prevalence of MS in HUA and it's components by blood biochemical examinations. Results A total of 3915 Kazakh adult people, equal number of men and women, were surveyed, with a response rate of 95. 63 percent. Overall prevalence of HUA was 3. 96 percent( 155/3915 ) , 6.02 percent for men and 2. 03 percent for women(114/1894 and 41/2021) , respectively, with statistically significant difference ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Prevalence of MS was 39.47 percent in those with HUA and 22. 53 percent in those without HUA (45/114 and 401/1780), respectively (P ＜ 0.01). Among women, prevalence of MS was 46. 34 percent in those with HUA and 16. 11 percent in those without HUA( 19/41 and 319/1980), respectively (P＜0. 01). Prevalence of high blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia, lower blood high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and central obesity were 59.65 percent, 42.11 percent,32.46 percent, 7. 89 percent and 79. 82 percent in those with HUA, respectively, with prevalence of hyperglyceridemia and central obesity significantly higher than in those of non-HUA ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Among women, prevalence high blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia, lower blood HDL-C and central obesity were 48.78 percent, 39.02 percent, 41.46 percent, 2.44 percent and 78.05 percent, respectively, in HUA group, with prevalence of hyperglyceridemia, lower blood HDL-cholesterol and central obesity significantly higher than in those of non-HUA ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions Prevalence of MS was higher in Kazakh people suffered with HUA than those without HUA, as well as prevalence of components of MS, suggesting that prevention and treatment for HUA is necessary, which can reduce MS and its components in the region. Key words: Hyperuricemia; Metabolic syndrome; Kazakh ethnic

Aboriginal Income Disparity in Canada

Investigating the earnings and income disparity faced by Aboriginal people in Canada from 1995 to 2005, we find that Aboriginal people face substantial income and earnings gaps in comparison with Canadian-born majority-group workers with similar characteristics (such as age and education). The estimated gaps are large: about 10 to 20 percent for women and 20 to 50 percent for men. However, these gaps eroded somewhat over 1995 to 2005. Among Aboriginals, registered Indians fare worst, persons with self-reported Aboriginal identity fare somewhat better, and persons with Aboriginal ancestry (but not identity or registry) fare better still.

Ties that Bind: Ethnic and Religious Factors in the Marriage Choices of Irish-American Catholics on the Dakota Frontier

Research on the marriage patterns of the Irish in nineteenthand early twentieth-century urban America points to a significant degree of group cohe siveness. Studies of the Irish in such cities as Worcester, New York, Butte, and San Francisco show that Irish immigrants had very high rates of in-group mar riage, usually over 90 percent.1 Equally significant is that the propensity for in group marriage continued among the American-born children of the immi grants, although, as might be expected, to a lesser extent than among the first generation. For example, in Worcester in 1880,91.7 percent of second-generation Irish men and 81.2 percent of second-generation Irish women had first or sec ond generation Irish spouses, while in 1900 the in-group rates were 79.7 percent for men and 76.3 percent for women.2 In New York City from 1908 through 1912 the second-generation Irish had an in-group marriage rate of 66.0 percent (70.2 percent for men and 61.7 for women).3 Similarly, in 1880 in San Francisco

Kauffman Index of Entrepreneurial Activity: 1996-2008

Overall, the 2008 entrepreneurial activity rate increased slightly over 2007. An average of 0.32 percent of the adult population (or 320 out of 100,000 adults) created a new business each month - representing approximately 530,000 new businesses per month - as compared to 0.30 percent in 2007. While entrepreneurial activity has remained generally consistent over the past decade, the Kauffman Index points out important shifts in the demographic and geographic composition of new entrepreneurs across the country. The annual Kauffman Index of Entrepreneurial Activity, a leading indicator of new business activity, provides the earliest documentation of new business development across the United States. Analyzing matched monthly data from the Current Population Survey since 1996, the Kauffman Index allows comparisons of new business creation over time.Key findings include:• The oldest age group - ages 55 to 64 - experienced a big increase in business-creation rates from 2007 to 2008 and, as a result, has the highest level of business creation (0.36 percent).• The activity rate increased sharply for immigrants in 2008 - from 0.46 percent in 2007 to 0.53 percent in 2008 - further widening the gap between immigrant and native-born rates. Although the increase in entrepreneurship rates among immigrants was driven entirely by low- and medium-income-potential types of businesses, immigrants also are more likely than U.S. natives to start high-income-potential types of businesses.• Latinos’ entrepreneurial activity rate increased from 0.40 percent in 2007 to 0.48 percent in 2008, continuing an upward trend that began in 2005. Over the thirteen years of the study, Latinos have had the highest percentage increase in entrepreneurial activity (from 0.33 percent in 1996 to 0.48 percent in 2008).• Asian-Americans’ entrepreneurial activity also increased sharply, from 0.29 percent in 2007 to 0.35 percent in 2008. Non-Latino white business-creation rates increased slightly, while African-American rates slightly declined.• Entrepreneurial activity increased from 2007 rates for both men and women (from 0.41 percent to 0.42 percent for men and from 0.20 percent to 0.24 percent for women).• With the exception of the Midwest, all regions saw increased entrepreneurial activity from 2007 to 2008. • The states with the highest 2008 entrepreneurial activity rates were Georgia, New Mexico, Montana, Arizona, Alaska and California.• The states with the lowest entrepreneurial activity rates were Pennsylvania, Missouri, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Iowa and Ohio.• Among the United States’ fifteen largest metropolitan statistical areas, Atlanta had the highest entrepreneurial rate (0.74 percent) in 2008. Philadelphia had the lowest rate (0.16 percent).

"I Can't Stop Pulling My Hair!" Using Numbing Cream as an Adjunct Treatment for Trichotillomania

Trichotillomania (TTM) is classified as an impulse control disorder within the DSM-IV-TK (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). The main features of the disorder include recurrent hair pulling with hair or thinning; tension or uncomfortable feelings (for example, itch or urge) prior to pulling; and some sense of pleasure, gratification, or relief as a result of the pulling. TTM is not as rare as once thought. Lifetime prevalence rates of 0.6 percent were found for both men and women; however, subclinical symptoms of noticeable hair loss increase the lifetime rates to 3.4 percent for women and 1.5 percent for men (Christenson, Pyle, & Mitchell, 1991). Some researchers believe that these numbers are underestimated because of the secretive nature of the disorder (Tay, Levy, & Metry, 2004). TTM can have a significant negative impact on a person's life if left untreated. Diefenbach and colleagues (2005) found individuals with TTM report having a higher degree of distress than do individuals without hair-pulling problems, and individuals with TTM are comparable to other individuals with psychiatric disorders on reported distress levels. Consistent with this research, two studies by Wetterneck and colleagues (2006) found that TTM sufferers experience both social and economic disadvantages related to having the disorder, contributing to a higher reported distress level. Individuals with TTM demonstrate social avoidance, affecting not only their social lives, but also their academic and financial ones. Individuals with TTM report avoiding school, work, and social activities because of hair pulling. This could result in poor academic performance or retention, job or demotion, and social isolation and sadness. They also found that these individuals spend large amounts of time and money trying to conceal the effects of hair pulling (for example, purchasing hair extensions). There is a lack of awareness by clinicians in diagnosing and treating the disorder and a paucity of research on effective treatment. A study of 1,697 individuals with TTM conducted by Woods and colleagues (2006) found that of the people who sought help, 27 percent reported that their treatment provider had no knowledge of TTM. In another study, researchers found that only 61 percent of providers polled responded correctly to general questions about TTM (Marcks, Wetterneck, & Woods, 2006). In addition to the lack of TTM knowledge, a large percentage of the providers surveyed did not have resources or referral information available for TTM clients (Marcks et al., 2006). There is a paucity of research for TTM, and the evidence-based treatments that are available are considered only moderately effective (Elliott & Fuqua, 2000). The two main treatment approaches include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) (Keijsers et al., 2006). CBT and the SRIs were evaluated individually. Both showed promise, but relapse is common (for example, follow-up effect sizes decreased 70 percent at the two-year follow-up), and the current treatments offer relief to only some of those who suffer from TTM (Keijsers et al., 2006). In summary, TTM has a significant negative effect on individuals socially, psychologically, and economically. This is compounded by poor identification by clinicians, lack of research, and inadequate treatments when TTM sufferers finally seek help. The purpose of this article is twofold: to call attention to this condition and to describe an exploratory study aimed at improving treatment outcomes for individuals with TTM by using a numbing cream, such as Lanacane[R], as an adjunct to CBT treatment for trichotillomania. CASE HISTORY Carol, a girl who was almost 16 years old, asked her mother for professional treatment because of repeated hair pulling. Upon meeting her, I noted that she did not have any eye brows or eye lashes. She reported a history of hair pulling from her scalp, but currently she was pulling from her eye brows and eye lashes exclusively, and the pulling had become more severe. …