Percentage Of Males Research Articles

Non-Feeding Transmission Modes of the Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus by the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci Do Not Contribute to Reoccurring Leaf Curl Outbreaks in Tomato.

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) causes significant yield loss in tomato production in the southeastern United States and elsewhere. TYLCV is transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci cryptic species in a persistent, circulative, and non-propagative manner. Unexpectedly, transovarial and sexual transmission of TYLCV has been reported for one strain from Israel. In this study, the potential contribution of the B. tabaci B cryptic species transovarial and sexual transmission of TYLCV (Israel strain, Georgia variant, Georgia, USA) to reoccurring outbreaks was investigated by conducting whitefly-TYLCV transmission assays and virus DNA detection using end point PCR, DNA quantitation via real-time PCR, and virion detection by immunocapture PCR. TYLCV DNA was detectable in four, two, and two percent of first-generation fourth-instar nymphs, first-generation adults, and second-generation adults, respectively, following transovarial acquisition. Post-mating between viruliferous counterparts, the virus's DNA was detected in four percent of males and undetectable in females. The accumulation of TYLCV DNA in whiteflies from the transovarial and/or sexual experiments was substantially lower (100 to 1000-fold) compared with whitefly adults allowed a 48-hr acquisition-access period on plants infected with TYLCV. Despite the detection of TYLCV DNA in whiteflies from the transovarial and/or mating experiments, the virions were undetectable by immunocapture PCR-a technique specifically designed to detect virions. Furthermore, tomato test plants exposed to whitefly adults that presumably acquired TYLCV transovarially or through mating remained free of detectable TYLCV DNA. Collectively, the extremely low levels of TYLCV DNA and complete absence of virions detected in whiteflies and the inability of the B. tabaci cryptic species B to transmit TYLCV to test tomato plants following transovarial and mating acquisition indicate that neither transovarial nor sexual transmission of TYLCV are probable or epidemiologically relevant for TYLCV persistence in this pathosystem.

Determining Associations Between Intervention Amount and Outcomes for Young Autistic Children

Health professionals routinely recommend intensive interventions (ie, 20-40 hours per week) for autistic children. However, primary research backing this recommendation is sparse and plagued by methodological flaws. To examine whether different metrics of intervention amount are associated with intervention effects on any developmental domain for young autistic children. A large corpus of studies taken from a recent meta-analysis (with a search date of November 2021) of early interventions for autistic children. Studies were eligible if they reported a quasi-experimental or randomized clinical trial testing the effects of a nonpharmacological intervention on any outcome in participant samples comprising more than 50% autistic children 8 years or younger. Data were independently extracted by multiple coders. Meta-regression models were constructed to determine whether each index of intervention amount was associated with effect sizes for each intervention type, while controlling for outcome domain, outcome proximity, age of participants, study design, and risk of detection bias. Data were analyzed from June 2023 to February 2024. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The primary predictor of interest was intervention amount, quantified using 3 different metrics (daily intensity, duration, and cumulative intensity). The primary outcomes of interest were gains in any developmental domain, quantified by Hedges g effect sizes. A total of 144 studies including 9038 children (mean [SD] age, 49.3 [17.2] months; mean [SD] percent males, 82.6% [12.7%]) were included in this analysis. None of the meta-regression models evidenced a significant, positive association between any index of intervention amount and intervention effect size when considered within intervention type. Findings of this meta-analysis do not support the assertion that intervention effects increase with increasing amounts of intervention. Health professionals recommending interventions should be advised that there is little robust evidence supporting the provision of intensive intervention.

Effect of Sex and Lateral Ankle Sprain History on Dorsiflexion Range Of Motion Asymmetry During the Weight Bearing Lunge Test.

Reduced dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM) which is commonly seen following lateral ankle sprain (LAS) has the potential to influence lower extremity biomechanics which have been linked to increased injury risk in the female athlete. Current research on the effect of sex and LAS history on DFROM is limited. This study had three aims 1) to determine the effect of sex, leg dominance and LAS history on DFROM, 2) to determine the effect of sex and LAS history on magnitude of DFROM symmetry and 3) to examine the association of sex on direction (whether dominant or non-dominant limb had the higher DFROM) of symmetry. Cross-Sectional Study. DFROM was measured bilaterally in 105 recreational athletes all participating in multidirectional sports using the tape measurement method during the weight bearing lunge test (WBLT). A mean of three measurements was used for analysis. A 3-way mixed ANOVA was carried out to determine the interaction between sex, LAS history and leg dominance on DFROM and a 2-way ANOVA for the effect of sex and LAS history on asymmetry. A chi-square test was used to determine the association of sex and direction of asymmetry. The results indicate no significant effect of sex, LAS history, and leg dominance on DFROM (p=0.65). Main effects were significant for sex and LAS on DFROM. The mean asymmetry for all participants was reported as 12.25±14.76cm. No significant effect of sex and LAS history on magnitude of asymmetry was reported. There was a significant association of sex and direction of asymmetry (χ2(1) = 11.26, p = 0.00). Sixty-five-point two percent of males were shown to have higher DFROM of their non-dominant limb compared to 75% of females who were higher in their dominant limb. Findings from this study suggest that DFROM is affected by sex and LAS history. While females have increased DFROM compared to males, those with LAS history are more likely to have a decreased DFROM on the involved side. The results also indicate that interlimb asymmetries in DFROM are present in athletes, therefore practitioners should exercise caution when using bilateral comparisons in injury and return to play assessments. 2b.

Neighbourhood walkability and greenspace and their associations with health-related fitness in urban dwelling Canadian adults

ObjectiveMuscular strength and body composition are important components of health-related fitness (HRF). Grip strength and body fat percent, in particular, are associated with chronic disease and affected by health behaviours. Evidence suggests relationships between the neighbourhood built environment (BE) and HRF exist, however, few studies have focused on grip strength and body fat percent. Therefore, our study aimed to estimate the sex-specific associations between the neighbourhood BE, grip strength, and body fat percent among urban-dwelling Canadian adults. MethodsWe analyzed cross-sectional survey and HRF data collected in 2011-2015 from 4052 males and 7841 females (Alberta's Tomorrow Project, Canada). Grip strength and body fat percent were measured via handgrip dynamometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis, respectively. Walkability (Canadian Active Living Index) and greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) estimates were linked to participant data. Sex-stratified covariate-adjusted linear regression models estimated the associations between the BE and HRF variables. ResultsWalkability was negatively associated with grip strength and body fat percent in males (β -0.21, 95%CI: -0.31 to -0.11 and β -0.08, 95%CI: -0.15 to -0.02, respectively) and females (β -0.06, 95%CI: -0.10 to -0.01 and β -0.08, 95%CI: -0.14 to -0.02, respectively). Greenness was positively associated with grip strength in males (β 6.99, 95%CI: 3.62 to 10.36) and females (β 2.72, 95%CI: 1.22 to 4.22) but not with body fat percent. Controlling for physical activity and sitting did not attenuate these associations. ConclusionCharacteristics of the neighbourhood BE appear to be associated with muscular strength and body composition, independent of physical activity and sedentary behaviour.

Early diagnosis and treatment by newborn screening (NBS) or family history is associated with improved visual outcomes for long-chain 3-hydroxyacylCoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHADD) chorioretinopathy.

Long chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHADD) is the only fatty acid oxidation disorder to develop a progressive chorioretinopathy resulting in vision loss; newborn screening (NBS) for this disorder began in the United States around 2004. We compared visual outcomes among 40 participants with LCHADD or trifunctional protein deficiency diagnosed symptomatically to those who were diagnosed via NBS or a family history. Participants completed ophthalmologic testing including measures of visual acuity, electroretinograms (ERG), fundal imaging, contrast sensitivity, and visual fields. Records were reviewed to document medical and treatment history. Twelve participants presented symptomatically with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, liver dysfunction, cardiac arrest, or rhabdomyolysis. Twenty eight were diagnosed by NBS or due to a family history of LCHADD. Participants diagnosed symptomatically were older but had similar percent males and genotypes as those diagnosed by NBS. Treatment consisted of fasting avoidance, dietary long-chain fat restriction, MCT, C7, and/or carnitine supplementation. Visual acuity, rod- and cone-driven amplitudes on ERG, contrast sensitivity scores, and visual fields were all significantly worse among participants diagnosed symptomatically compared to NBS. In mixed-effects models, both age and presentation (symptomatic vs. NBS) were significant independent factors associated with visual outcomes. This suggests that visual outcomes were improved by NBS, but there was still lower visual function with advancing age in both groups. Early diagnosis and treatment by NBS is associated with improved visual outcomes and retinal function compared to participants who presented symptomatically. Despite the impact of early intervention, chorioretinopathy was greater with advancing age, highlighting the need for novel treatments.

Morphological characterization and the relationship between morphometric indices of a local Cyprus fat–tailed Sheep breed in Cyprus

With many local breeds in danger of extinction or genetic erosion, the loss of genetic variety in farm animal genetic resources is an increasingly critical concern. Conserving diverse sheep breeds is crucial for long–term agricultural sustainability and ecosystem health. The current research focused on the Cyprus fat–tailed sheep, which is important for both meat and milk production, particularly to produce Halloumi cheese. A study on a Cyprus sheep production farm was carried out with the aim to characterize the morphological traits of Cyprus fat–tailed sheep breed for its conservation. The study found that in female Cyprus fat–tailed sheep, white, white–black, and brown coat color patterns were the common ones recorded with proportions of 75, 12.5, and 12.5%, respectively. Sixty seven percent of males were white–black followed by white coat color in 33%. Male sheep are all characterized by white fleece, while females had a range of fleece colors with the majority in white (75%) followed by pale greyish brown in 18.75% and fawn fleece in 6.25%. On the other hand, male Cyprus fat–tailed sheep had higher values (P<0.05) for wither height, heart girth, chest width, hip height, foreleg length, compact index, area index, and body weight than females. Morphometric traits, such as head length, wither height, heart girth, chest depth, body length, and hip height, were significantly positively (P<0.01) correlated with body weight. The study concludes that the characterization of the Cyprus fat–tailed sheep breed’s physical and morphological traits is essential and useful for its conservation.

Evaluation of a real-world clinico-genomics database of patients with upper gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies in Japan.

400 Background: The genomic profile of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers provides essential information for precision medicine, however, there is limited availability of real-world data in Asian populations as they are not well-represented in most publicly accessible clinico-genomic databases. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the clinical and genomic characteristics of upper GI cancer patients in the database from an academia-industry collaborative nationwide cancer genome screening project in Japan. Methods: The Screening Projectfor Individualized Medicine in Japan (J-SCRUM) GI-SCREEN enrolled advanced GI cancer patients from 26 sites before planned or during systemic therapy from 2015 to 2019. Archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue was analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) using Oncomine Cancer Research Panel and Oncomine Comprehensive Assay. Patients with gastric (GC), esophageal (EC) and pancreatic (PC) cancers were identified in the database. The frequency of key actionable genomic alterations in each cancer cohort was explored and compared to similar upper GI cohorts in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), a publicly available genomics database initiated in 2005 and concluded sample collection in 2013 with most samples from White cancer patients. Results: A total of 872 GC (mean age at registration [SD]: 64y [12]; percent males: 65%), 265 EC (64y [9]; 78%) and 495 PC (64y [10]; 60%) patients were identified. The majority (>70%) of samples were obtained from primary sites. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histological type for GC (85%) ad PC (76%), while squamous cell (76%) was the most common among EC patients. In the GC cohort, the prevalence of key actionable genomic alterations in J-SCRUM GI-SCREEN vs TCGA (N = 380) was, TP53 mutation (49% vs 49%), ERBB2 amplification (14% vs 13%), PIK3CA mutation (11% vs 14%), MYC amplification (9% vs 12%) and MET amplification (2% vs 3%). In the EC cohort, the prevalence in J-SCRUM vs TCGA (N = 182) was TP53 mutation (77% vs 87%), NFE2L2 mutation (21% vs 10%), PIK3CA mutation (9% vs 9%) and CDKN2A mutation (8% vs 8%). In the PC cohort, the prevalence in J-SCRUM vs TCGA (N = 150) was KRAS hotspot mutation (90% vs 93%), KRAS G12D (43% vs 41%), KRAS G12V (32% vs27%), TP53 mutation (58% vs 64%), BRCA1/2 deleterious mutation (5% vs 5%), ATM deleterious mutation (6% vs 5%) and MYC amplification (5% vs 5%). Conclusions: As part of a nationwide cancer genome screening project, J-SCRUM GI SCREEN database provides comprehensive genomic information for Asian population (Japan). The prevalence of key actionable gene alterations in each tumor type was highly comparable between J-SCRUM GI-SCREEN and TCGA data.

Lungworms in Small Ruminant: A Review with Emphasise on the Situation in Ethiopia

In Ethiopia, farm animals are confined to compounds year-round, and the climate is conducive to the development and survival of transmissible stages or vectors of several diseases. Therefore, helminth parasites are the primary cause of economic loss. Climate, ecology, and animal production. Systems are essential contributors to parasite reproduction and persistence. Important among diseases caused by infectious means is parasitic bronchitis Dictyocaulus filaria (D. filarial) is a lungworm of small ruminants that is found worldwide, including Ethiopia. The prevalence of D. filaria in sheep is maximum in Shoa (approximately 83-91.5 %), lowest in Tigray (approximately 11.24 %), and average in between 34.36% and 36. 24% in goats. In sheep, the prevalence of D. filaria is nearly 67.15 percent in females and 69.75 percent in males. In Gonder town, lungworm is prevalent in extensive management (approximately 43.40 %) and semi-intensive management (approximately 30.90 %). The diagnosis of lungworm is based on clinical symptoms, epidemiology, and laboratory conclusions of the first larvae gained by a range of larval recovery techniques. Guiding parasitic bronchitis in small ruminants can be talented through the use of anthelmintic, enhanced management practices, and the practice of using exposed larvae as a vaccine.

Role of the Agnikarma in the Management of Frozen Shoulder

Shoulder joint discomfort and stiffness are indicators of frozen shoulder, which is also referred to as adhesive capsulitis. Symptoms and signs usually begin gradually subsiding before getting more severe. Frozen shoulder is a condition that is more prevalent in women than in men, particularly those between the ages of 40 and 60. Furthermore, individuals with diabetes are at an increased risk of developing frozen shoulder. Inflammation is the most common cause of frozen shoulder, which is characterized by swelling, pain, and irritation of the tissues surrounding the joint. The underlying cause of this ailment is not yet definitively understood. It is estimated that 2 to 5 percent of the general population will experience frozen shoulder at some point in their lives, with 8.2 percent of males and 10.1 percent of working-age women affected by it. This condition can affect one or both shoulders, and typically resolves on its own within one to two years. Depending on the severity of the disease, a combination of NSAIDs, steroids, physiotherapy, and surgical intervention may be recommended by modern medicine. Ayurveda has suggested Agnikarma as a potential treatment for frozen shoulder, as it was believed to be an effective therapy for Avbahuka. Frozen shoulder and Avbahuka may present with similar symptoms and indicators. Agnikarma, a distinct technique described in Ayurvedic texts, is used to treat Avbahuka that is caused by Dhatukshayajanya vata prakopa. Therefore, the aim of this research was to examine the therapeutic effects of Agnikarma in cases of frozen shoulder in Avabahuka.

Undue Burden the Medical School Application Process Places on Low-Income Latinos

Undue Burden the Medical School Application Process Places on Low-Income Latinos

ASSOCIATION OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY WITH HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS. A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY FROM A HOSPITAL SETTING IN KARACHI, PAKISTAN

Objective: Hypertension, a leading risk factor for cardiovascular death has been closely linked with depression and anxiety. The aim of this study was to examine the association of depression or anxiety with hypertensive crisis in patients from a hospital setting and also see if the association is affected by age groups or gender. Design and method: This cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2019 and March 2022 on 290 patients admitted at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH). All adult patients of more than 18 years of age admitted with uncontrolled hypertension with systolic blood pressure of > 140 and diastolic blood pressure > 90 admitted through emergency were included. Hypertensive crisis was defined as systolic blood pressure more than 180mm Hg or a diastolic blood pressure more than or equal to 120mm Hg, with or without accompanying end organ damage. Depression and Anxiety were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), with a cut-off score of greater than 8. Results: Of the patients identified with uncontrolled hypertension, a total of 140 (48.3 percent) of the patients presented with a hypertensive crisis, while 150 (51.3 percent) did not have a hypertensive crisis at presentation. In the hypertensive crisis group, 60 (49. percent) had HADS scores consistent with depression, while 83 (59.3 percent) had HADS scores consistent with anxiety. In patients with hypertensive crisis, HADS depression and anxiety were most prevalent in the 61-75 age group (39.7 percent). In the comparison of gender, it was found that males and females with hypertensive crisis had an almost equal prevalence of anxiety (49.4 percent in males versus 50.6 percent in females). A slightly higher prevalence of depression was seen in females with hypertensive crises when compared to males. Conclusions: We found no association between depression or anxiety with hypertensive crisis, and the association is not affected by age group or gender. However, do note that half of the patients with hypertensive crises had depression or anxiety. Future large multicentered studies are required to study the link in greater detail.

The perceived effectiveness of penalties in traffic offender and non-offender groups: the role of the Dark Triad and Behavior Inhibition/Activation Systems

Although the number of studies about the perception of traffic enforcement has increased, the importance of personality characteristics on these perceptions remain under-researched. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the Dark Triad personality trait and the perceived effectiveness of traffic penalties for traffic offenders and non-offenders and to test whether BIS and BAS mediate this relationship. A convenience sample of 694 Lithuanian drivers participated in the study (55.3 percent males; aged 18-73 years). More than half (57.9 percent) of the drivers were non-offenders, while 42.1 percent reported having been sanctioned for at least one traffic offence in the last year. A scale containing ten specific sanctions for traffic offences was developed to measure the perceived effectiveness of traffic penalties. In addition, the Dirty Dozen and BIS/BAS scales were included in the questionnaire, together with a number of demographic questions. There was a weak negative correlation between the Dark Triad personality trait and the perceived effectiveness of traffic penalties. Non-offenders scored lower than traffic offenders on the BIS scale, but the perceived effectiveness of traffic penalties, the Dark Triad personality trait and the BAS scores did not differ between traffic offenders and non-offenders. The mediation analysis showed that BAS mediated the positive relationship between the Dark Triad personality trait and the perceived effectiveness of traffic penalties. However, BIS did not mediate this relationship. Therefore, the present study revealed two opposite mechanisms regarding the relationship the Dark Triad personality trait has with the perception of penalty effectiveness: a direct negative path and an indirect positive path via higher BAS.

Changing Tendencies of Patients with Electrical Burns in Lithuania from 2016 to 2020

Background. Electrical injuries are not common, however these injuries are severe. The burns cause damage for both superficial and deep layers of skin, as well as deeper tissues, and can lead to necrosis. Morbidity and mortality from electrical injuries are quite high and have physical and psychological consequences. Epidemiological analysis of electrical burns helps to understand patterns of these devastating injuries and to plan further treatment strategies. The objective of the study is to evaluate the number of patients affected by electrical injuries in Lithuania from 2016 to 2020. Methods. Data for the study were used from the Health Information Center of the Institute of Hygiene, calculated from the information system SVEIDRA of the State Health Insurance Fund under the Ministry of Health of Lithuania. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using IBM SPSS statistics 23.0 software. Using the Mann-Whitney criterion, a comparison was made between the percentage distributions of electrical injuries during the study period. Results. During five years (2016–2020), 355 peop­le in total, 85 of them children, were affected by electrical injuries. Men were more likely to suffer from electric injuries. 80.4 percent males were affected and 19.6 percent females. Overall, electrical injuries decreased by 8.45 percent. The number of electrical injuries decreased by 3.66% in the children group and 4.79% in the adult group. Conclusions. After reviewing the research data, it can be concluded that from 2016 to 2020, there was decreased tendency of electrical injuries in Lithuania by 15.3% among children and by 6.29% among adults. Men were more likely to experience electrical injuries. Ongoing prevention strategies and measures in society and raising social awareness are key factors in reducing electrical injuries.

ПОТЕРИ РОССИЙСКОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ОТ ПРЕДОТВРАТИМЫХ ПРИЧИН СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТОЙ СМЕРТНОСТИ В ПЕРИОДЫ ДО И ВО ВРЕМЯ ПАНДЕМИИ

Significance. The healthcare system can manage preventable causes of death if timely and effective interventions are in place including interventions aimed at improving living conditions and lifestyle of the population. Which diseases of the circulatory system are preventable? These are chronic rheumatic heart diseases and arterial hypertension at least in ages 5-64, and cerebrovascular diseases. The updated list of treatable diseases includes ischemic heart disease originally considered as a non-manageable cause. In the pre-COVID period the mortality structure underwent quality changes in terms of diseases and age distribution since the impact of preventive measures can manifest itself both in the decreased share of preventable causes and increased life expectancy of patients with cardio-vascular diseases. Did the gain in the age structure of preventable mortality from cardio-vascular diseases (CVD) sustain during the pandemic? The purpose of the study is to analyze contribution of preventable causes to cardio-vascular diseases mortality in the pre-COVID period and during the pandemic in Russia. Material and methods. The study used ROSSTAT data (Russian Federal State Statistics Service) to analyze data on cardio-vascular diseases mortality in the Russian Federation in 1999-2021. Male and female mortality was calculated for ages 5-64 years – the age interval of preventability. Since access to health care and risk factors of cardio-vascular diseases differ among urban and rural settings, rural and urban mortality was analyzed separately. Potential years of life lost (PYLL) were calculated as the sum products of the absolute number of deaths and potential years lost in each age group divided by 10 000 population of the corresponding age. Results. In most cases, the contribution of preventable causes to cardio-vascular diseases mortality in ages 5-64 has been steadily decreasing since 2003. The share of chronic rheumatic heart diseases equaling to less than one percent in males in the beginning of the century has decreased more than 3-fold during the pandemic. Similar trends are registered in female mortality, yet at higher rates. It should be emphasized here that mortality from chronic rheumatic heart diseases has been reducing since the end of the last century including throughout the period of social and economic collapse. The contribution of arterial hypertension to cardio-vascular diseases mortality is also low. The highest contribution to cardio-vascular diseases mortality is made by ischemic heart disease. Unlike other diseases under study, its contribution is higher among male urban population. Heart failure is associated with the lowest contribution to cardio-vascular diseases mortality. During the pandemic, its share has decreased in male mortality while hardly changed in females. The contribution of cerebrovascular diseases to cardio-vascular diseases mortality has significantly decreased sustaining this decline throughout the pandemic. In general, the contribution of preventable causes to cardio-vascular diseases mortality in ages 5-64 has been steadily reducing in males from 79.9% in 2003 to 72.7% in 2019 and to 71.6% in 2021 and in females from 80.5%% to 69.5% and 69.8%, respectively. The contribution of preventable causes in male mortality is higher among urban population compared to rural one (73.1% versus 71.3% in 2019, 71.9% versus 70.7% in 2021), while mortality in urban and rural females is almost the same. Conclusion. Analysis of preventable causes of cardio-vascular diseases mortality concludes as follows: First, it is those causes that have contributed the most to the decrease in mortality; Second, at the preventability age interval, the impact of preventive measures manifests itself in changes in mortality from ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases. Third, to ensure reduction in male mortality from cerebrovascular diseases it is necessary to intensify measures aimed at preventing alcohol use. Forth, it makes sense to analyze effectiveness of measures aimed at preventing avoidable mortality from diseases of the circulatory system using PYLL-70.

PS-BPP04-4: NOVEL ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASURES FOR SCREENING OF HYPERTENSION IN COMMUNITY

Aim: To investigate the relationship between height, waist, hip, thigh, arm, and wrist circumference (cm) and hypertension, and to predict them as markers of hypertension development. Materials and Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, a total of 635 subjects were involved in the study. Study was conducted from June 2019 to July 2020. Height to Waist Ratio (HtWR), Arav Body Index (ABI), Waist to Thigh Ratio (WTR) and Wrist to Arm Ratio (WAR) was compared to common existing markers such as Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR), Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR) and Body Mass Index (BMI). Results: There were 750 people in all, with 38 percent (n = 285) males and 62 percent (n = 465) females. In this study, 44 percent (n = 330) of the participants were not hypertensive, but 52.1 percent (n = 420) were. In males, the Area Under Receiver Operating Curve (AUROC) of HtWR (0.677) and Inverse ABI (0.611) were superior to other anthropometric markers for predicting the development of hypertension, while in females, the Waist to Thigh Ratio (0.669) was superior. WTR cut-off values for females are 1.55, while HtWR and Inverse ABI cut-off values for males are 2.3 and 2.84, respectively. Conclusion: In males, the height to waist ratio and inverse ABI were more reliable markers for predicting the development of hypertension, but in females, the WTR was more trustworthy.

Hábitos de prescrição de antibióticos de dentistas brasileiros durante tratamentos periodontais

Abstract Introduction Periodontal treatment involves procedures aimed to reduce bacterial load, involving or not the use of local or systemic antibiotics. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess Brazilian dentists’ knowledge about antibiotics prescription during periodontal treatment. Material and method An online questionnaire was available asking for systemic application of local or systemic antibiotics prescription (frequency, and sequence with mechanical periodontal treatment) and in relation to different periodontal diseases. The use of microbial diagnostic services and volunteers’ demographic data were also elucidated. Data were statistically analyzed (Binomial Test, p<0.05). Result Three hundred and ninety-three volunteers answered the questionnaire. Twenty-three percent males and 76.2% females. Average age was 27.7 years. Minority (19.2%) of the volunteers reported to indicate systemic antibiotics to treat gingivitis or periodontitis stages I and II (old slight and moderate chronic periodontitis). Majority of the professionals indicate it to treat periodontal abscess, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis or periodontitis, periodontitis in severe immunodeficiencies, old aggressive periodontitis, and periodontitis stages III and IV (old severe chronic periodontitis). Rarely (2.5%) the prescription was without the combination with mechanical therapy. Microbiological tests as an auxiliary diagnostic method are rarely (3.1%) requested due to lack of information or cost. Most frequent answers about the number of times professionals reported prescribing systemic antibiotics as part of periodontal treatment per trimester was “at least once”, followed by “2 times”. Conclusion It can be concluded that Brazilian dentists have knowledge about the correct prescription of antibiotics in periodontal therapy.

Understanding Fertility Attitudes and Outcomes Among Survivors of Adolescent and Young Adult Cancers in a Low-Resource Setting: A Registry-Based Computer-Assisted Telephone Interview Survey.

Purpose: To establish the extent of self-reported reproductive failure associated with cancer treatment, and attitudes toward fertility among adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors in Uganda. Methods: A registry-based computer-assisted telephone interview survey was conducted in Uganda. The survey population were survivors of childhood, adolescent and early adulthood cancers diagnosed between 2007 and 2018. The survey explored fertility outcomes, experiences of oncofertility and fertility attitudes of AYA cancer survivors. Results: Thirty-four (female = 14 and male = 20) interviews were completed. Survivors were 18-35 years of age. The median age at cancer diagnosis was 23.5 for females and 17.5 for males. Kaposi's sarcoma contributed to 44% of primary cancer diagnoses. All the survivors had received chemotherapy alone or in combination with other modalities and 79% of survivors had not received satisfactory information about future fertility before cancer treatment. Twenty one percent of males and 46% females met the criteria for infertility and 60% of these had met this criterion after their cancer diagnosis. Eighty two percent wanted to raise a biologically related child. Forty seven percent would be dissatisfied with their lives if they were unable to have a child or additional children. Conclusion: AYA cancer survivors in this low-resource setting reported reproductive failure, despite a strong fertility desire. Information and counseling provided on therapy-related problems before cancer treatment was insufficient and reinforces the need to build capacity for oncofertility resources within the region.

Hormonal Sex Inversion by 17α-Methyl testosterone in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) through egg Immersion Technique (IT)

ABSTRACT The trial was conducted to evaluating the effect of different hormone concentrations of 17α-methyltestosterone @ (HC): (200, 400, 600, and 800 μg/L−1), immersion times (IT): 48, 60 and 72 h and the interaction effect of (HC × IT) on the hatching percentage of Cyprinus carpio egg, percent survival and percent of males. Results indicated that survival of treated fry was affected by the increasing IT (p < 0.001). The main interaction effect of HC × IT showed that the highest percent of male individuals 96% was attained at 800 μg/L HC at 72 h IT and lowest was recorded 49% in control (p < 0.05). Increased percent male of C. carpio was obtained with increasing HC across all IT. It is concluded that the immersion treatment at 800 µg/L for 72 h is more effective to change sex ratios of C. carpio. Masculinization of C. carpio by egg immersion is an alternative technique of oral method, manual sorting of sexes, gene manipulation and hybridization.

Comparison Of ATP III Criteria And The Metabolic Severity Score In Identification Of Metabolic Syndrome In Mexican Americans

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) reflects a combination of physiological and metabolic abnormalities which increases an individual’s risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Components of MetS include abdominal obesity, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure and fasting glucose levels. The Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria for MetS is met when an individual displays three of the five components greater than established values. PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of MetS as defined by ATP III criteria in a subset of Mexican Americans selected from the 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and compare it to an alternative method of assessing metabolic disease risk, the MetS severity score. METHODS: Mexican American data (285 males, 350 females) were downloaded from the 2015-2018 NHANES database. Variables contributing to MetS were analyzed using MANOVA. The relationship of ATP III MetS to MetS severity score was analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS: Body mass index did not differ between sexes (p = 0.339); however, waist circumference and % body fat significantly differed between the sexes (p = 0.04, p < 0.001, respectively). Fasting glucose (p = 0.012), triglycerides (p < 0.001), and high-density lipoprotein (p < 0.001) also differed between sexes as did diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001). The frequency of MetS (ATP III) between sexes was similar (~27% women, ~22% men). In total, ~78% percent of males and ~ 73% of females had some degree of risk according to the MetS severity score who did not meet ATP III criteria. CONCLUSION: In this data set of Mexican Americans, 225 men and 255 women who would not have been made aware of their elevated risk for developing CVD and T2DM under ATP III criteria, they would be identified as having risk factors and the severity would be based on quartiles using the MetS severity score. This may result in earlier intervention for lifestyle, diet, and medication interventions for at risk individuals.

Childhood Housing and Adult Outcomes: A Between-Siblings Analysis of Housing Vouchers and Public Housing

We create a national-level longitudinal dataset to analyze how children’s participation in public and voucher-assisted housing affects age-26 earnings and adult incarceration. Naïve OLS estimates suggest that returns to subsidized housing participation are negative, but that relationship is driven by household selection into assisted housing. Household fixed effects estimates indicate that additional years of public housing increase earnings by 6.2 percent for females and 6.1 percent for males, while voucher-assisted housing increases earnings by 4.8 percent for females and 2.7 percent for males. Childhood participation in assisted housing also reduces the likelihood of adult incarceration for all household race/ethnicity groups. (JEL I38, J13, J31, K42, R38)