Perceived Stress Scale Questionnaire Research Articles

Pengaruh Yoga Pranayama dengan Tingkat Stres Perawat yang Bertugas di Ruang Operasi Rumah Sakit Balimed Denpasar

Background: Nurses working in the operating theatre are prone to stress because they are required to have high knowledge and concentration skills in all aspects of perioperative care. Stress management can be done through relaxation with yoga pranayama. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of yoga pranayama on the stress level of nurses on duty in the operating room. Methods: This study used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-post test design. The research sample was 23 nurses in the operating room with purposive sampling technique. Data collection using Perceived stress scale questionnaire, analysis using Wilcoxon Sign Rank test. Results: The results showed that the stress level of pre-test nurses was mostly 16 people (69.6%) in the moderate category and the post-test was entirely 23 people (100%) in the mild category. The results of the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test obtained Zhitung = 4.199> Ztabel = 1.96 and p value = 0.001 <0.05 these results indicate there is an effect of yoga pranayama with the stress level of nurses on duty in the operating room. Conclusion: The results of the study can be concluded that yoga pranayama has a significant effect on the stress level of nurses on duty in the operating room. It is recommended that nurses do Yoga exercises can be done regularly at least once a day to help reduce stress.

Prenatal perceived stress and urinary cortisol as risk factors for ASD and non-typical developmental outcomes in the MARBLES study

BackgroundFindings for prenatal stress, previously measured through stressful life event surveys items or biomarkers, in association with ASD are inconsistent. We prospectively examined prenatal perceived stress and prenatal urinary cortisol (PUC) in association with ASD and other non-typical developmental (Non-TD) outcomes in the child in a high familial likelihood cohort. MethodsThe Perceived Stress Scale questionnaire was used to measure perceived stress in the longitudinal Markers of Autism Risk in Babies: Learning Early Signs (MARBLES) Study. Cortisol was measured through 24-hr urine collections. At three years of age, an algorithm consisting of scores from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) was used to classify children with ASD, Non-TD, or typically developing (TD) outcomes. Relative risk ratios (RRR) with TD as the reference were estimated using multinomial logistic regression. ResultsIncreased perceived stress was associated with Non-TD in trimester 1 (RRR 1.10; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.21) and ASD in trimesters 2 and 3 (RRR 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.14 and RRR 1.08; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.14, respectively). Results with PUC were non-significant but were in the direction consistent with previous findings suggesting that decreased cortisol levels are associated with higher likelihood of ASD. ConclusionsFindings support the hypothesis that higher perceived stress is associated with increased likelihood of ASD and possibly Non-TD, relative to TD. This suggests that stress reduction interventions during pregnancy could serve as preventative measures that help optimize the child’s long-term health. Larger studies are needed to replicate these findings.

Preliminary Study of the Perception of Work Stress and Cardiovascular Diseases in Administrative Personnel of the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, URSE

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) include coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, peripheral artery disease, and are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among adults worldwide. The objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between work stress and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the group of administrative workers of the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery of the Universidad Regional del Sureste (URSE), Oaxaca, Mexico. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The target population of the study was the total number of administrative workers assigned to the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, URSE. The Perceived Stress Scale Questionnaire (PSS-14) was used and the database was exported to SPSS statistical software for statistical analysis. The reliability level for the test as a whole presented a Cronbach alpha of 0.8809. To determine cardiovascular risk in study subjects, the risk calculator provided by the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) was used. The mean age of the heart was 37.29 years, which implies a risk percentage of 2.44%, therefore, we can indicate that our study population is out of risk with respect to this element. In conclusion, we can say that most of the administrative staff of the School of Medicine and Surgery have a low level of work stress and only 17.64% are considered to have an intermediate level of stress; among the main stressors or related stimuli are the feeling of overpressure, as well as the lack of collaborative work.

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EATING BEHAVIOUR, STRESS LEVEL AND BODY MASS INDEX OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Stress among university students is rising and affects eating behaviour and body mass index. This study aims to determine the relationship between stress and eating behaviour and its association with body mass index among undergraduate students in Universiti Sains Malaysia. A total of 107 subjects were recruited using convenience sampling method. Questionnaire on sociodemographic data, anthropometry, validated stress scale (Cohen’s Perceived stress scale questionnaire) and eating behaviour (Three-factor eating questionnaire R21) were given to participants. Analysis indicated that more than half of the subject had moderate stress level (69.2 %). However, there was no significant difference between stress and gender (p=0.55). The eating behaviour analysis showed no significant difference between gender and all the domains of eating behaviour (Cognitive restrain, Uncontrolled eating and emotional eating). As for body mass index, majority of participant recorded normal BMI where male students had significantly higher median BMI (22.68 ± 6.91 kg/m2) than female students (20.68 ± 4.07 kg/m2) (p=0.001). The emotional eating was associated with lower BMI (p=0.02). High perceived stress was significantly associated with median BMI tested using Kruskal Wallis test (p=0.001). There was a significant association between uncontrolled eating domain (p=0.041) and emotional eating domain (p=0.013) with perceived stress level.

Effect of Yoga Nidra on Perceived Stress Section in Individuals with High Blood Pressure: A Quasi-experimental Study

Introduction: A persistently high level of stress can lead to a variety of diseases, such as anxiety, depression, sleeplessness, muscle discomfort, high Blood Pressure (BP) and a compromised immune system. Although 15% of adults in India suffer from hypertension, significant progress has been made in preventing and managing this condition. One alternative form of treatment that may help with stress management and BP regulation is Yoga Nidra. Aim: To assess the effect of Yoga Nidra on perceived stress in Individuals with High Blood Pressure. Materials and Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was conducted at various medical and physiotherapy Outpatient Departments (OPDs) in Veraval, Gujarat, India, from June 2021 to September 2022. A total of 49 individuals diagnosed with high BP, including both prehypertensive and hypertensive individuals (with BP >120/80 mmHg), were selected. Essential demographic information was gathered from the participants, who were also asked to complete the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaire. Participants were introduced to the concept of Yoga Nidra and provided with instructions on how to perform the Yoga Nidra technique. They engaged in 12 sessions of this technique. After completing these 12 sessions, participants once again completed the PSS questionnaire. Since the collected data did not exhibit a normal distribution, a paired t-test was conducted at a significance level of 95%. Results: Out of 49 study participants, 22 (45%) were females and 27 (55%) were males, and mean±Standard Deviation (SD) age was 47.86±10.62 years. The analysis revealed a significant reduction in PSS scores following the Yoga Nidra sessions (p-value=0.0001). Additionally, both Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) showed decrease with a p-value of 0.0001. Conclusion: Yoga Nidra has a significant effect on reducing perceived stress in individuals with high blood pressure, along with a reduction in blood pressure. This research provides valuable findings regarding the potential of Yoga Nidra as an additional relaxation therapy to help manage hypertension and enhance overall well-being.

Sleep bruxism and perceived stress: assessment using salivary cortisol levels, a biomarker of stress

Sleep bruxism (SB) corresponds to physiologically based manducatory muscle reactions, with no identifiable neuropathic cause, in relation to anxiety disorders, respiratory disorders or behavioral "tocs". The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between SB and perceived stress by measuring salivary cortisol levels. The study included 61 consenting adult participants: 31 for the study group (bruxers) and 30 for the control group (no bruxers). The diagnosis of BS was made using a standard bruxism assessment questionnaire defined by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). The preliminary diagnosis was confirmed by clinical assessment according to AASM criteria. The BRUXi index, a tool proposed by Orthlieb, was used to determine the intensity of bruxism. Perceived stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale questionnaire. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected and morning salivary cortisol levels were determined by ELISA. Non-parametric statistical methods were used to analyze the data. The bruxers (study group) had significantly high levels of mean salivary cortisol (12.3±4.2 ng/mL or 34.5±14.6 nmol/L) than the non-bruxers (control group) (5.3±1.2 ng/mL or 14.5±4.6 nmol/L) (p<0.001). The elevated salivary cortisol level was positively associated with perceived stress and SB (p<0.0001) in the study group. These results suggest that bruxing activity is associated with higher levels of perceived psychological stress and salivary cortisol. Despite the absence of polysomnographic recording for the diagnosis of SB, a positive correlation between SB and salivary cortisol levels was observed in bruxers.

UKRIDA HOSPITAL WORKERS STRESS PROFILE USE PERCEIVED STRESS SCALE AND HEART RATE VARIABILITY METHODS

Background Stress is a condition of unbalance the physical and mental states, unable to respond of stimulus situations, and the end cause stress responses. Stress is one of the fourth ranked diseases in the world that experience stress. The symptoms of stress are palpitations, headaches, high blood pressure, disturbed digestion, shortness of breath, and difficulty sleeping. The measuring of stress using the perceived stress scale questionnaire in which the questionnaire has ten questions and the results obtained can determine the level of stress. If stimulation from internal or external stress occurs, will affect the nervous system, a heart rate variability tool used to measure the level of stress. Objective The aims of this study are to determine the relationship between stress and heart rate variability, and stress levels based on gender and age. Methods The conducted study was with quantitative analysis methods using cross-sectional design on 262 data. Results Based on the results of this study, the majority were aged less than thirty-five years and there were more women than men. In addition, the results of the chi-square test showed no significant relationship between stress and heart rate variability because the results of significancy was 0,432. Conclusions Measurement of stress on UKRIDA Hospital workers has not shown a significant relationship between the stress questionnaire and heart rate variability. However, there was a tendency for the worker to experience stress accompanied with an increase of the sympathetic nervous system measured by the Heart Rate Variability methods.

Correlation of perceived stress with monthly cyclical changes in the female body.

Women are liable to stress-related disorders as female sex hormone, estrogen has been indicated to be protective against stress disorders. The hormone level varies with different phases of menstrual cycle. Moreover, postmenopausal women are at risk for stress-related disorders. So this study was done to correlate the different phases of menstrual cycle with the perceived stress in different phases of monthly cycle. This study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (SGRRIMHS), Dehradun. Four hundred girls in the age group of 18-26 years were selected for the study. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaire was circulated via Google forms after briefing them about the study. Informed consent was also taken. The menstrual history of the subjects was enquired by one-to-one interaction. The participants completed the PSS questionnaire twice in the same cycle. Data collected were statistically analyzed, using Independent t-test and Chi-square test and point biserial correlation test. The analysis showed strong statistical association of PSS with two phases of menstrual cycle. The PSS score was higher in the late luteal and menstrual phase, while it was less in the late follicular phase (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The decreased oestrogen levels in the late luteal & menstrual phase are strongly associated with perceived stress in our study. Hormonal changes in the monthly cycles are related with stress, behavioral shift and many other physical changes in females. This information to the family physicians would be beneficial in counseling the females regarding various changes occurring during the menstrual cycle.

Psychological Stress as a Determinant of Increased Maximum Voluntary Bite Force - A Clinical Observational Study.

Background Psychological stress is a known risk factor and modulator for several oral diseases. It is among the critical etiological factors of bruxism and several other disorders. The quantum of bite force is one of the prime determinants of wear resistance and the clinical performance of restorations. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between the maximum voluntary bite force (MVBF) and the amount of perceived stress experienced by an individual. Materials and methods Patients (n=111) fulfilling the exclusion and inclusion criteria were divided into high, medium, and low-stress groups based on their stress scores deduced from the Perceived Stress Scale questionnaire (PSS). Bite force measurement was recorded in Newtons (N) for each subject using a portable customized bite recording FlexiForce sensor (B 201). The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and independent samples t-test. Results Among the females, the bite force in the medium and high-stress groups was greater compared to the low-stress level group. On the other hand, there was no difference in bite force between any of the stress level groups among male participants. Conclusion The results show that higher MVBF is associated with higher perceived stress scores in adult females. Practical Implications Psychological counseling can be included in the dental treatment plan of individuals with a high-stress score to counteract their stress-related higher occlusal forces, parafunctional jaw movements, and risky oral health behaviors, thereby potentially reducing the incidence of adverse outcomes such as temporomandibular joint dysfunction and restoration failure by careful choice of restorative materials.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND STRESS LEVEL AMONG UNIVERSITY OFFICE WORKERS

Office workers are a subgroup of employee who perform administrative clerical work in front of computers on regular basis. This group is characterized as the population that engages in less physical activity and tend to have higher level of stress. The main objective of this study is to determine the relationship between physical activity and stress level among office workers in a university. Physical activity level was measured with International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF) (7 items) and Perceived Stress Scale Questionnaire (PSS) (10 items) was the instrumentation used to measure stress level. Total of two hundred thirteen (N=213) office workers were participated in this survey. Most of the respondents report moderate physical activity (58.2 %) and moderate level of stress (70.0%). The findings of this study showed that there was no significant relationship between physical activity and stress level (p &gt; .05). As for conclusion, physical activity and stress level were not associated and interdependent to each other. There are multiple factors that affect physical activity engagement and stress level.

GAMBARAN TINGKAT STRESS PASCA BENCANA BANJIR DI KELURAHAN SEMANGGI KECAMATAN PASAR KLIWON

Indonesia is a region prone to natural disasters because of its geographical and geological location. BNPB data for 2022 states that there have been 3,531 natural disasters in Indonesia. The dominating natural disasters, namely floods, reached 1,524 incidents. Floods have a psychological impact, one of which is stress disorder. Stress is the body's reaction to situations that cause pressure, change, and emotional tension. Stress can arise due to triggering factors such as natural disasters, because no one can predict when a disaster will occur. Assess the level of post-flood stress in Semanggi Village. Method : In this study using a type of quantitative descriptive research. Sampling used a quota sampling technique with a total sample of 94 respondents. Data analysis using univariate analysis. This study used the Perceived Stress Scale Questionnaire (PSS-10). Results in the research 16 people (17%) had mild stress levels, 75 people (79.8%) had moderate stress levels, and 3 people (3.2%) had severe stress levels. Conclusion : Most residents in Semanggi Village, Pasar Kliwon District experience moderate stress disorder.

Correlation Between Perceived Stress and BMI Among Obstructive Sleep Apnea Individuals

Objective: To investigate the potential association between higher perceived stress levels and elevated Body Mass Index (BMI) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methodology: This prospective study was conducted at the Pulmonology Department of Dow University Hospital, Dow University of Health Sciences, from July to October 2020. The study included adults aged 18 and above, of both genders, diagnosed with OSA through clinical evaluation and sleep studies. BMI was calculated using the formula BMI = kg/m², and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was utilized to assess participants' perceived stress levels. The PSS questionnaire, comprising 10 items, was completed by participants, with each item rated on a 5-point Likert scale (ranging from 0 to 4). Higher scores indicated higher perceived stress. Relevant clinical data were recorded, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the direction of the relationship. Results: The study included 160 OSA cases, with an average age of approximately 50.29 years. The majority of participants were male (59.4%), while females constituted 40.6% of the sample. BMI categories revealed that 13.8% were overweight, 85.0% were obese, and only two individuals had a normal BMI. Concerning stress levels, 41.3% experienced low stress, 45.6% reported moderate stress, and 13.1% reported high perceived stress. Importantly, the study found an insignificant association between BMI and perceived stress (p-value &lt; 0.278). Conclusion: The study identified a predominant occurrence of obesity among OSA patients. A positive correlation between elevated BMI and perceived stress was observed. The limited number of similar studies and the acknowledged limitations of the current study underscore the necessity for further research and interventions to explore the impact of BMI on stress in OSA.

Level of perceived stress among college students, Puducherry

A quantitative study was conducted to assess the level of perceived stress among the college students between the age group of 18 to 21 years at Puducherry. Stress is a condition of mental pressure or a particular individual facing a problem from environmental and social wellbeing which leads to so many diseases. The youth faces lots of changes in the young age which is consider as critical period of life. The perceived stress scale is used to measure the individual's stress. The objectives of the study were to assess the perceived level of stress among college students and to compare the level of stress between male and female students and to associate the level of perceived stress with the selected demographic variables. The quantitative research approach and comparative research design were used for the study. Total of 120 samples was chosen by purposive sampling techniques. Formal consent was obtained from the respective authority to conduct this study at MTPG and RIHS, Puducherry. Individual's privacy and confidentiality regarding the information was maintained. A perceived stress scale questionnaire was used among students to assess the level of perceived stress among adolescent. Data was analysed and interpreted using descriptive and inferential statistics. The Findings of the study shows that out of 120 students the highest percentage of 92(76.7%) of them have moderate stress, 17(14.2%) of them have low stress and 11(9.2%) of them have high perceived stress. The result of the study shows that stress is at moderate level among students and comparatively higher in females. The study concluded that stress is common among adolescents and is comparatively higher in females when compared to males.

Female Pattern Hair Loss and Negative Psychological Impact: Possible Role of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF).

Female Pattern Hair Loss (FPHL) is considered the most common type of hair loss in females. Women with FPHL may suffer from psychological distress and defective social functioning. Patients with psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders almost have a deficient brain and blood brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels (BDNF). This serum BDNF level may act as a diagnostic marker for negative psychological impact in FPHL patients. Evaluate the levels of serum BDNF in patients with FPHL and correlate its level to the severity of alopecia and the degree of psychological impact. Forty-six female patients with FPHL and 41 healthy age-matched female volunteers as a control were included in the study. Patients filled out a Dermatology Life Quality Index questionnaire. Both patients and controls filled Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaires. Serum levels of BDNF were measured for all the participants using the ELISA technique. Patients with FPHL had significantly lower levels of BDNF and significantly higher Beck depression inventory score and PSS questionnaire scores. There is a significant negative correlation between serum levels of BDNF and Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and PSS questionnaire scores. Patients with FPHL are at a high risk to develop chronic stress and depression. The serum level of BDNF is a good predictor for the assessment of chronic stress and depression in FPHL patients.

The Reciprocal Relationship Between Awe and Perceived Stress Among Chinese Early Adolescents: A Cross-Lagged Analysis

Stress among adolescents is a growing concern due to its adverse effects on health and social functioning, especially in China. Awe is related to relief of daily stress and reduction of stress-related symptoms. However, existing research related to perceived stress in Chinese adolescents has not considered awe; moreover, the possible influence of perceived stress on the tendency to feel awe is poorly understood. This study used two-wave cross-lagged analysis to explore the relationship between awe and perceived stress among Chinese adolescents. Three hundred and fifty Chinese middle school students aged 13 to 16 completed the Dispositional Awe Scale and Perceived Stress Scale questionnaires twice, with 3 months between responses. Results show that awe predicts lower levels of perceived stress over time, and perceived stress predicts lower levels of awe, supporting the idea of a reciprocal relationship between the two. This suggests potential practical interventions for stress management in Chinese adolescents.

Validity and reliability of the Sinhalese version of the perceived stress scale questionnaire among Sri Lankans.

Despite the availability of validated psychometrics tools to assess depression, there has not been any validated and reliable tool established to test perceived stress among Sri Lankans. The objective of this study is to test the validity and reliability of the Sinhalese Version of the Sheldon Cohen Perceived Stress Scale. Standard and systematic procedures were adopted to translate the original English version of the Perceived Stress Scale-10 questionnaire into Sinhalese. Consecutive sampling was employed to recruit the Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) sample (n = 321), and a convenient sampling was used to recruit the Age and Sex matched Healthy Controls (ASMHC) (n = 101) and the Healthy Community Controls (HCC) groups (n = 75). Cronbach alpha was used to assess internal consistency and reliability was determined using test-retest method utilizing Spearman's correlation coefficient. Sensitivity was evaluated by comparing the mean scores of the Sinhalese Perceived Stress Scale (S-PSS-10) and Sinhalese Patient Health Questionnaire (S-PHQ-9) scores. Post-hoc comparisons were done using Bonferroni's method. Mean scores were compared between the T2DM, ASMHC, and HCC groups using the independent t-test. Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted using the principal component and Varimax rotation while the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed to assess the goodness-of-fit of the factor structure extracted from the EFA. Concurrent validity was assessed using the Pearson correlation between the S-PSS-10 and Patient Health Questionnaire measured by S-PHQ-9 (p < 0.05). Cronbach alpha values of the three groups T2DM, ASMHC and HCC were 0.85, 0.81, and 0.79, respectively. Results of the ANOVA test suggested that there was a significant difference in the mean scores between groups (p < 0.00). EFA analysis revealed the existence of two factors with eigenvalues greater than 1.0. The factor loadings for the items ranged from 0.71-0.83. The CFA analysis demonstrated a good model fit for the two-factor model S-PSS-10. The S-PSS-10 significantly correlated with S-PHQ-9, indicating an acceptable concurrent validity. Findings revealed that the S-PSS-10 questionnaire can be used to screen perceived stress among the majority of the Sri Lankan Sinhalese-speaking population specially with chronic illnesses. Further studies with higher sample sizes across different populations would enhance the validity and reliability of S-PSS-10.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA TINGKAT STRES DAN ASUPAN MAGNESIUM DENGAN KEJADIAN DISMENORE PRIMER PADA REMAJA PUTRI DI SMA DAN SMK BATIK SURAKARTA

This study aimed to determine the correlation between stress levels and magnesium intake with the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls at Surakarta Batik High School and Vocational High School. The type of research used was observational with a cross-sectional approach. Sampling using simple random sampling technique with 192 research subjects. Data collection on stress levels was obtained through the Perceived Stress Scale questionnaire for the last 1 month. Magnesium intake data was obtained by filling out the SQ-FFQ form for the last 3 months. Data on the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea was obtained through the WaLIDD questionnaire for the past 1 month. The results showed that 91.7% of respondents experienced primary dysmenorrhea, 63.5% experienced moderate stress and 59.4% had good magnesium intake. Based on the chi-square test analysis, there is a correlation between stress levels and the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea (p-value 0.024), but there is no correlation between magnesium intake and the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea (p-value 0.184).

Association between stress and eating behaviour among Malaysian adolescents prior to examination

Studies have shown the prevalence of mental health and obesity among adolescents is at increasing trend due to urbanisation and changes in lifestyle. This study is to investigate the level of stress and its impact on eating behaviour among Malaysian adolescents. A total of 797 multi-ethnic Malaysian secondary school student participated in this cross-sectional study. Data was collected two weeks prior to final year examination. A validated Cohen Perceived Stress Scale questionnaire was used to assess the stress level with subsample analysis of 261 participants’ saliva cortisol level. A validated Child Eating Behaviour questionnaire was used to explore eating behaviours. There were 29.1% adolescents having high stress with the mean saliva cortisol 3.8 nmol/L. A positive correlation was observed between perceived stress and emotional overeating; stronger among urban (r = 0.32), female (r = 0.31), underweight (r = 0.34) and moderately stressed adolescents (r = 0.24). In addition, a positive correlation was found between perceived stress and food responsiveness; strongest among Malay (r = 0.23), male (r = 0.24), underweight (r = 0.30) and adolescents with high perceived stress (r = 0.24). The perceived stress level prior to exam period affects the emotional eating and external eating patterns of adolescents.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness and level of Perceived Stress in Exercising and Non-Exercising Physical Therapy Students: Single Centered Survey

Objective: To assess cardiorespiratory fitness and perceived stress level and to measure the correlation between them in exercising and non-exercising physical therapy students. Methods: A Descriptive Cross-sectional study was conducted at Lahore Medical and Dental College for a duration of almost six months from April 2019 to October 2019. A total of 240 students from 1st year to final year LCPT students were enrolled in the study. The subjects were categorized into two groups on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Non-Probability Convenient sampling utilized as a sampling technique. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by using the Modified Harvard Step test and the level of the Perceived Stress was measured by Perceived Stress Scale questionnaire. Data analyses were carried out using SPSS 22 and results were presented in the form of Mean and Standard deviation. Results: A significantly higher degree of cardiorespiratory fitness was found in Group A(exercising) compared to Group B(non-exercising) (p&lt;0.05) and significantly lower level of perceived stress was found in Group A as compared to Group B (p&lt;0.05). Bivariate analysis indicates a moderate, negative correlation between Physical fitness index (PFI) and Perceived stress (p&lt;0.01; r= -o.65). Conclusion: The current study concluded that the Exercising group showed better cardiorespiratory fitness and lower perceived stress as compared to the Non-exercising group. Cardiorespiratory fitness and perceived stress showed a highly significant correlation, which is moderate in strength and inversely proportional. This means that as cardiorespiratory fitness increases, the level of perceived stress decreases.

College student athlete versus nonathlete mental and social health factors during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: This study investigated differences in stress, anxiety, and social support between collegiate student-athletes and nonathletes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: College students enrolled at a NCAA Division III private liberal arts college in the Midwest. Methods: Participants (n = 58) completed a series of surveys each month for 4 months that included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale Questionnaire, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Questionnaire. Results: There were significant main effects of time for stress and social support across the 4 months (p < 0.05), but not for anxiety. There was a significant difference in anxiety levels between athletes and nonathletes (p < 0.01), but not for social support or stress (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Nonathletes maintained support networks, or found alternate outlets of support, in addition to coping with anxiety and stress levels when compared to athletes.