Levels Of Perceived Stress Research Articles

The Impact of Music on Stress Reduction and Academic Performance of Dental Students.

Background Dental education, one of the most demanding healthcare fields, is linked to higher physical and mental illnesses in students. Stress, which arises when demands surpass an individual's ability to adapt, can lead to disruptions in cognition, mood, and behavior. Due to the intense academic pressure, dental students are susceptible to stress and other mental issues. Music therapy, an ancient practice, is now popular for stress reduction. However, its effect on academic performance is debated. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the impact of music on stress levels and academic performance of dental students. Methods The study included third-year dental students from the College of Dentistry, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. The demographic data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Results The study found that music intervention reduced the perceived stress levels of dental students in the intervention group compared to the baseline but did not reach a significant level. The final stress levels were positively correlated with baseline stress levels but did not correlate with other parameters. No association between sociodemographic variables and the Perceived Stress Scalewas found. The study also found no significant positive or negative effect of music on academic performance. Conclusion The study suggests that music may positively impact stress reduction for dental students during their academic years in dental school. It highlighted the significance of stress-reduction programs in the academic curriculum in lowering dentistry students' stress and, as a result, potentially improving their learning abilities.

Development and validation of risk prediction model for premenstrual syndrome in nurses: results from the nurses-based the TARGET cohort study.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) stands as a significant concern within the realm gynecological disorders, profoundly impacting women of childbearing age in China. However, the elusive nature of its risk factors necessitates investigation. This study, therefore, is dedicated to unraveling the intricacies of PMS by focusing on nurses, a cohort with unique occupational stressors, to develop and validate a predictive model for assessing the risk of PMS. This investigation employed a multi-center cross-sectional analysis drawing upon data from the TARGET Nurses' health cohort. Utilizing online survey versions of the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS), a comprehensive dataset encompassing physiological, social, psychological, occupational, and behavioral variables was collected from 18,645 participants. A stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent risk factors for PMS. Furthermore, a refined variable selection process was executed, combining the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) method with 10-fold cross-validation. The visualization of the risk prediction model was achieved through a nomogram, and its performance was evaluated using the C index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and the calibration curves. Among the diverse variables explored, this study identified several noteworthy predictors of PMS in nurses, including tea or coffee consumption, sleep quality, menstrual cycle regularity, intermenstrual bleeding episodes, dysmenorrhea severity, experiences of workplace bullying, trait coping style, anxiety, depression and perceived stress levels. The prediction model exhibited robust discriminatory power, with an area under the curve of 0.765 for the training set and 0.769 for the test set. Furthermore, the calibration curve underscored the model's high degree of alignment with observed outcomes. The developed model showcases exceptional accuracy in identifying nurses at risk of PMS. This early alert system holds potential to significantly enhance nurses' well-being and underscore the importance of professional support.

Anxiety, Depression, Perceived Stress, and Burnout Among Chinese Researchers: A Cross-Sectional Nationwide Study.

Depression and anxiety have a significant impact on an individuals' work and personal life alike. The mental health of researchers is a significant concern worldwide. This study investigated the mental health status of Chinese researchers specifically and explored the moderating effects of perceived stress on the influence of low self-accomplishment on anxiety and depression. The online survey platform "Survey Star" was used to create a questionnaire to be distributed to researchers, with 949 questionnaires retrieved. The general information questionnaire, 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey (MBI-GS) were used for this investigation. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to investigate correlations among the relevant variables. Model 8 of PROCESS 3.3 program was used to analyze the moderating effects of perceived stress. Among the 949 participants, 570 (60.1%) reported symptoms of depression and 431 (45.4%) had symptoms of anxiety, with about one in six reporting symptoms of self-harm or suicidal ideation. Perceived stress was found to moderate the effect of low self-accomplishment on depression and anxiety. Here we show that researchers exhibit a high rate of depression and anxiety symptoms. Perceived stress is also shown to play a moderating role on the influence of low self-accomplishment on anxiety and depression. Thus, reducing perceived stress levels can help to improve the mental health of researchers.

Well-being and Life Satisfaction of Strength Athletes During War: Role of Individual and Health-Related Determinants

The research aims to identify the determinants of well-being of youth strength athletes taking into account individual parameters (level of stress, anxiety, depression) and contextual parameters (change of place of residence, change of opportunity to train due to war), differences compared to an older age group. The online study was performed on elite strength athletes (N=172) in Ukraine during Russo-Ukrainian war. In addition to demographic characteristics, the survey included question to sports activity, issues related to hostilities, standardized questionnaires to measure life satisfaction (SWLS), perceived stress level (PSS-10), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), physical, mental and social functioning (SF-36). Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation analysis to find association between variables, and building linear regression models. Samples of young and adult athletes that we analyzed did not differ in terms of life satisfaction. Among young athletes there were significantly fewer people with symptoms of stress (67%) and anxiety (25.53%). Three groups of factors that determine the life satisfaction of young Ukrainian athletes can be single out: individual (stress, depression), contextual (change of place of residence or training due to the war), and health-based (general perception of one’s own health and pain sensations). The data highlight the critical importance of mental health monitoring for the overall well-being of athletes. The obtained results can be used to rapidly screen persons in the risk group during a war and further develop individual psychotherapeutic programs to overcome trauma and the consequences of war.

Exploring the efficacy and safety of a novel standardized ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root extract (Witholytin®) in adults experiencing high stress and fatigue in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Stress is a state of homeostasis in the body being challenged, resulting in a systemic response. It has become more prevalent in recent years and affects mental and physical health. Evaluate the effects of ashwagandha on stress, fatigue, and sex hormones in overweight or mildly obese men and women with self-reported stress and fatigue. Two-arm, parallel-group, 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on overweight or mildly obese men and women aged 40-75 years, supplementing with 200 mg of an ashwagandha root extract (Witholytin®) twice daily. Supplementation with ashwagandha was associated with a significant reduction in stress levels based on the Perceived Stress Scale (primary outcome); however, the improvements were not significantly different to the placebo group (p = 0.867). Based on the Chalder Fatigue Scale, there was a statistically significant reduction in fatigue symptoms in the ashwagandha group compared to the placebo group (p = 0.016), and participants taking ashwagandha also experienced a significant increase in heart rate variability (p = 0.003). However, there were no significant between-group differences in other self-report outcome measures. In the men taking ashwagandha, there was a significant increase in the blood concentrations of free testosterone (p = 0.048) and luteinizing hormone (p = 0.002) compared to the placebo group. The results of this study suggest that in overweight middle-to-older age adults experiencing high stress and fatigue, compared to the placebo, ashwagandha did not have a significantly greater impact on perceived stress levels. However, based on secondary outcome measures, it may have anti-fatigue effects. This may be via its impact on the autonomic nervous system. However, further research is required to expand on these current findings.

Measuring COVID-19 related stress and its associated factors among the parents of school-aged children during the first lockdown in France

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic placed important challenges on parents, as they had to meet various demands during lockdown, including childcare, work and homeschooling. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate perceived stress levels among the parents of school-aged children and explore their association with sociodemographic, environmental and psychological factors during lockdown.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among the parents of school-aged children ages 8 to 18, who lived in the Grand Est region of France during the first wave of the pandemic. An online survey collected sociodemographic data, living and working conditions, and exposure to COVID-19 as well as parent’s levels of perceived stress (PSS-10), self-perceived health status (SF-12), social support (MSPSS) and resilience (BRS). Multivariable logistic regression models were conducted to evaluate the association between moderate to severe perceived stress and various factors.ResultsIn total, 734 parents were included. The results indicated that 47% were experiencing moderate stress and 7.2% were experiencing severe stress. Factors most strongly associated with risk of moderate to severe levels of stress were lower levels of parental resilience (OR = 3.8, 95% CI: 2.2–6.6) and poor self-perceived mental health status (OR = 7.3, 95% CI: 5.0–10.8). The following risk factors were also identified: female sex; being in the age range of 35–44; difficulties isolating and contracting COVID-19, which involved hospitalization and separation or isolation from family. The support of friends (OR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.7–1.0) and family (OR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–0.8) were protective factors.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that supportive and preventive programs should focus on the improvement of resilience and mental health management to promote parents’ wellbeing. Research has to focus both on individuals’ inner potential for increasing resilience and the environmental resources to be activated. Building and boosting resilience among parents could serve as a protective factor against negative outcomes for them and their families.

Protocol for randomized personalized trial for stress management compared to standard of care.

Stress is a significant public health burden in the United States, with most Americans reporting unhealthy levels of stress. Stress management techniques include various evidence-based treatments shown to be effective but with heterogeneous treatment responses, indicating a lack of uniform benefits for all individuals. Designed to assess a participant's response to a specific intervention, personalized (N-of-1) trials provide guidance for which treatment (s) work (s) best for the individual. Prior studies examining the effects of mindfulness meditation, yoga, and walking for stress reduction found all three interventions to be associated with significant reductions in self-reported measures of stress. Delivering these treatments using a personalized trial approach has the potential to assist clinicians in identifying the best stress management techniques for individuals with persistently high stress while fostering treatment decisions that consider their personal condition/barriers. This trial will evaluate a personalized approach compared to standard of care for three interventions (guided mindfulness meditation; guided yoga; and guided brisk walking) to manage perceived stress. Participants will respond to daily surveys and wear a Fitbit device for 18 weeks. After a 2-week baseline period, participants in the personalized trial groups will receive 12 weeks of interventions in randomized order, while participants in the standard-of-care group will have access to all interventions for self-directed stress management. After intervention, all participants will undergo 2 weeks of observation, followed by two additional weeks of the stress management intervention of their choosing while continuing outcome measurement. At study completion, all participants will be sent a satisfaction survey. The primary analysis will compare perceived stress levels between the personalized and standard of care arms. The results of this trial will provide further support for the use of personalized designs for managing stress. Clinical Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov, NCT05408832. Protocol version: 9/14/2022, 21-0968-MRB.

Comparison of covid-19 Fear and perceived Stress Level in Tennis Players with Positivie and Negative PCR Results at Elazig/Turkiye

This study aimed to the examine the fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress levels of tennis players with positive and negative PCR tests during the COVID-19 pandemic.In this study, COVID-19 fear and perceived stress levels of tennis players with positive and negative PCR in Elazig province, who continue to play tennis despite the pandemic period, were compared. The PCR test result was analyzed by taking into account the variables of gender, education level, age and duration of tennis experience. The sample of this study was determined by the accessible sampling method including 34 participants with positive PCR test status and 16 participants who were over the age of 10-49 and 16 participants who were negative questionnaire technique was used in the research. Data were collected between November 2021 and January 2022.COVID-19 fear and perceived stress level of the participants were measured. Since the data did not show a normal distribution, PCR test distributions depending on gender, age groups, education level, tennis playing time were shown in crosstables. Mann Whitney U test was used to compare the fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress levels according to gender and PCR test status. The results of this study showed that the probability of being PCR negative increased due to the increase in the duration of playing tennis in both females and males and the fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress levels did not differ between PCR positive and negative ones.In addition, as the level of education increases, the perception of insufficient self-efficacy subdimension of the perceived stress scale decreases. In conclusion, the probability of being PCR negative increases as the age groups increase. On the other hand, there is a positive correlation between the years of playing tennis in both males and females and the probability of being PCR negative.

ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENİMİ GÖREN VE OKUL TAKIMLARINDA YER ALAN BİREYLERİN ALGILANAN STRES DÜZEYLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Abstract
 Aim: This study is to determine how the perceived stress levels of individuals who play individual and team sports in university teams are shaped.
 Method: Scanning method was used in this study. This study has a descriptive and inferential nature. The study was carried out with 159 individuals in the school teams of Kyrgyzstan-Turkey Manas University in the 2021-2022 academic year. The study was shaped on the basis of voluntary participation criteria. In this study, demographic information form prepared by the researcher and Perceived Stress Scale were used to collect data. The obtained data were transferred to computer environment and evaluated with SPSS 25.0 statistical program. By using parametric tests on the data, t-test was used for pairwise group comparisons, ANOVA test was applied for comparing more than two groups, and Post Hoc Turkey multiple comparison test was applied to determine the difference between groups. 
 Findings: In shaping the perceived stress levels of university students; according to the gender variable, women have a higher average than men, according to the age variable, there is a difference in favor of the older ones, according to the type of sport variable in favor of the team sports, according to the competition success variable in favor of the international participants and according to the income level variable, there is a difference in favor of the weak ones but it was concluded that there was no significant difference according to the sports year variable.
 Conclusion: It was concluded that gender is of great importance in the perceived stress levels of individuals studying at university and participating in school teams.

Correlation Between Perceived Stress and BMI Among Obstructive Sleep Apnea Individuals

Objective: To investigate the potential association between higher perceived stress levels and elevated Body Mass Index (BMI) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methodology: This prospective study was conducted at the Pulmonology Department of Dow University Hospital, Dow University of Health Sciences, from July to October 2020. The study included adults aged 18 and above, of both genders, diagnosed with OSA through clinical evaluation and sleep studies. BMI was calculated using the formula BMI = kg/m², and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was utilized to assess participants' perceived stress levels. The PSS questionnaire, comprising 10 items, was completed by participants, with each item rated on a 5-point Likert scale (ranging from 0 to 4). Higher scores indicated higher perceived stress. Relevant clinical data were recorded, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the direction of the relationship. Results: The study included 160 OSA cases, with an average age of approximately 50.29 years. The majority of participants were male (59.4%), while females constituted 40.6% of the sample. BMI categories revealed that 13.8% were overweight, 85.0% were obese, and only two individuals had a normal BMI. Concerning stress levels, 41.3% experienced low stress, 45.6% reported moderate stress, and 13.1% reported high perceived stress. Importantly, the study found an insignificant association between BMI and perceived stress (p-value < 0.278). Conclusion: The study identified a predominant occurrence of obesity among OSA patients. A positive correlation between elevated BMI and perceived stress was observed. The limited number of similar studies and the acknowledged limitations of the current study underscore the necessity for further research and interventions to explore the impact of BMI on stress in OSA.

Factors protecting Swiss nurses’ health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic reached Europe in early 2020 and impacted nurses over a prolonged period, notably causing heavy work overloads. Exposure to sources of stress in such situations is inevitable, which can put nurses’ health at risk. The present study took a salutogenic approach to investigating nurses’ health and the principal factors protecting it found in the literature (i.e., resilience, post-traumatic growth, social support, and certain organizational factors), as well as how those elements evolved from February 2021 to September 2022.MethodsAll nurses working at eight French-speaking Swiss hospitals who accepted to disseminate the study to their employees were invited to complete an online questionnaire at four time points (February 2021, September 2021, March 2022, and September 2022: T0, T1, T2, and T3, respectively) and respond to items measuring their health, factors protecting their health, and their perceived stress levels. Data were analyzed using random-intercept linear regression models.ResultsA cumulated total of 1013 responses were collected over all measurement points (625 responses at T0; 153 at T1; 146 at T2; 89 at T3). Results revealed that nurses’ health had not changed significantly between measurements. However, their perceived stress levels, feelings of being supported by their management hierarchies, and belief that they had the means to deliver a high quality of work all diminished. At every measurement point, nurses’ health was negatively associated with perceived stress and positively associated with resilience, perceived social support, and the belief that they were provided with the means to deliver a high quality of work.ConclusionDespite the difficult conditions caused by the pandemic, the factors recognized as protective of nurses’ health played their role. The lack of improvements in nurses’ health in periods when the pandemic’s effects lessened suggests that the pressure they were experiencing did not drop during these moments. This phenomenon may have been due to the need to clear backlogs in scheduled surgery and the work overloads caused by prolonged staff absences and nurses quitting the profession. Monitoring changes in nurses’ health is thus crucial, as is establishing measures that promote factors protective of their health. Organizational factors influencing nurses’ working conditions are also key and should not be neglected.

Associations between affective temperament, perceived stress, and helping among Ukrainians and Poles in the context of the war in Ukraine.

The Russian aggression of Ukraine has put millions of civilians under immense stress and forced many of them to leave their homes for safety and help. Poland became one of the leading destinations for waves of Ukrainians fleeing this war. The level of perceived stress in people who experienced war depends on various factors, including individual psychological variables. The main aim of this study was to analyze perceived stress levels and the predictive role of affective temperaments, as defined by Akiskal, for perceived stress in Ukrainians and Poles during the first year of the Russo-Ukrainian war. Secondly, we studied the relationship between affective temperament, stress, and commitment to help Ukrainian refugees. Self-report data from 410 Ukrainians and 146 Poles were collected. The results of this study shed light on perceived stress in war-affected populations and the role of affective temperaments in predicting its levels. We also demonstrated the links between affective temperament, perceived stress, and involvement in helping Ukrainian refugees. Understanding the mental status of people affected by war and its predictors is crucial to providing appropriate support and assistance to those in need.

Latent class symptom profiles of colorectal cancer survivors with cancer-related cognitive impairment.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors experience cancer-related cognitive impairment and co-occurring symptoms after cancer treatments. There has been little data to inform the risk factors of complex symptom phenotypes in CRC survivors. To determine if subgroups of CRC survivors after cancer treatments could be identified based on the cognitive impairment and common co-occurring symptoms (depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, fatigue, and pain); and to explore risk factors (sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, perceived stress, and social support) of these subgroups. Latent class profile analysis (LCPA) was used to identify subgroups based on self-reported symptoms in 64 CRC survivors. Cognitive impairment was measured by assessing subjective cognitive function using the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measure. The Kruskal-Wallis test and regression analyses were performed. Three distinct latent classes were identified (Class 1: All Low '28.1%'; Class 2: High Psychological Symptoms (depression/anxiety) '25%'; Class 3: High Somatic Symptoms (fatigue, sleep disturbance, and pain) with High Cognitive Impairment'46.9%'). The pain was the most distinguishable symptom across the latent classes. The high symptom burden group was associated with less time since cancer diagnosis, higher perceived stress levels, and poor emotional social support. Our study adds to the information on interindividual variability in symptom experience of CRC survivors with cognitive impairment. Findings suggest a need for increased attention to screening for co-occurring symptoms (e.g., high pain) and future interventions focused on stress management and social support.

Sensor-based Stress Level Monitoring: An Exploratory Study

Stress is a common concern in modern workplaces. However, traditional stress measurements such as selfreported questionnaires have limited application in real-world settings. In this exploratory study, we collected physiological signals via a wristband and an eye tracker from five participants while they were executing a stress-inducing task. Our mixed-effect model revealed that several physiological responses, including electrodermal activity, skin temperature, and average pupil diameter, can be used as indicators of perceived stress levels. Our findings suggest the potential of using physiological sensors to monitor individuals’ perceived stress in real-world scenarios and thus facilitate workplace stress management and intervention.

Stress Level of Parents of Children Diagnosed with Attention-deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Background: Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that starts during childhood. It is commonly associated with elevated levels of parenting stress. This study aimed to examine parents’ stress levels, potential contributing factors, as well as changes associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This study was based on a cross-sectional design. The target population was parents of children with ADHD aged 6-18 years who were evaluated in a tertiary care hospital in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE) from January 2018 to August 2021. Participants completed a survey, which gathered information on the child’s personal characteristics and medical history as well as the parents’ and family characteristics. Additionally, the parents stress level was evaluated using the English and Arabic-translated versions of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Results: Parents of 103 children diagnosed with ADHD participated in this study. Most children were males (74.8%), and their mean age was 10.0 ± 3.4 years. Most children had ADHD as a primary diagnosis (87.4%), with ADHD subtypes being mainly combined presentation (60.2%), followed by a predominately inattentive presentation (35.9%). Psychiatric morbidity was present in 87.4% of the children, mainly learning disorders (41.7%), conduct disorder (34%), or autism spectrum disorder (24.3%). On the other hand, physical disorders were present in 68.9% of the children. Parents’ perceived stress levels differed significantly according to their children’s ADHD subtypes (p=0.002), with the highest stress levels among parents of children with predominately hyperactive/impulsive ADHD. PSS scores were moderate in 62.1% of the sample and high in 32% of the sample. Significant associations with elevated PSS scores was found in the presence of comorbid tic disorders (p<0.001) as well as in comorbid autism spectrum disorder (p=0.029). The most frequently reported items on the PSS were: being upset because of something that happened unexpectedly; feeling nervous and stressed; being angered because of things that were outside of your control; feeling unable to control important things in life; and feeling that difficulties were piling up so high that could not be overcome. Various changes were reported during the COVID-19 pandemic, which included a significant decrease in social activities (31.1%), time spent with friends (26.2%), conflicts between the child and siblings (18.5%), and conflicts between parents (25.3%). Furthermore, a significant increase was reported in children’s average screen time (28.2%), the quality of the child’s relationship with parents (19.4%), and the overall stresses faced by the family (16.5%). Conclusion: ADHD is commonly associated with high levels of parental stress. Factors associated with an increased level of stress include ADHD predominantly hyperactive/ impulsive subtype as well as comorbidity with tic disorders or autism spectrum disorder. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic had a marked impact on children with ADHD and their families’ social functioning.

The Effect of Social Capital on Perceived Stress: A Comparative Analysis of Employed and Non-Employed Women of Bangladesh

Abstract The current study examined how the level of perceived stress among women living in Dhaka varies by their degree of social capital and illustrated the relative significance of some of their sociodemographic statuses, such as employment status, marital status, education, and income level, with those variables of interest. In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from a total of 485 women, 243 formally employed (having a tax identification number), and 242 non-employed (50 students and 192 homemakers). Apart from the demographic information, the questionnaire includes statements from Cohen’s perceived stress scale (PSS) and the Internet Social Capital Scale (ISCS). Results indicate that social capital substantially reduces perceived stress, with the effect being particularly apparent among non-employed and unmarried women. While unmarried women experience higher levels of stress compared to married ones, it appears that women’s perceived stress levels do not differ by employment status, education, or income. In addition, there is no significant variation in social capital by marital status or income level; however, it is observed that working women possess higher social capital compared to unmarried women. The study concludes that women’s employment can contribute to their social well-being by enhancing their social capital, but their perceived stress levels may not differ substantially because of their formal employment.

Estimating the causal effects of work-related and non-work-related stressors on perceived stress level: A fixed effects approach using population-based panel data.

Prolonged or excessive stress can have a negative impact on health and well-being, and stress therefore constitutes a major public health issue. A central question is what are the main sources of stress in contemporary societies? This study examines the effects of work-related and non-work-related stressors and perceived social support on perceived stress within a causal framework. Panel data were drawn from two waves (2013 and 2017) of the population-based health survey "How are you?" conducted in the Central Denmark Region. The analytical sample comprised 9,194 subjects who had responded to both surveys. Work-related and non-work-related stressors included major life events, chronic stressors, daily hassles and lack of social support. Perceived stress was measured with the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Data were analysed using fixed effects regression in a fully balanced design. The largest effects on PSS were seen in own disease, work situation and lack of social support. Other stressors affecting the perceived stress level were financial circumstances, relationship with partner, relationship with family and friends, and disease among close relatives. Most variables had a symmetrical effect on PSS. The results point to the need for comprehensive policies to promote mental health that span life domains and include both the individual and the group as well as organizational and societal levels. The study indicates that there are multiple potential entry points for stress prevention and stress management. However, it also shows that disease, work situation and social support weigh heavily in the overall picture. This points to the healthcare system and workplace as key institutional venues for action.

COVID-19 Associated Anxiety, Grief, Anger, and Perceived Stress in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all segments of society. In this study, the level of anxiety, grief, anger and perceived stress related to pandemic conditions were evaluated in multiple sclerosis (MS) cases, healthcare professionals and lay public and, the stress experienced by individuals with MS was compared with health care professionals and lay public. 
 Study sample were composed of 63 persons with MS, 59 healthcare professionals (HCP), and 99 healthy volunteers (HV). All participants were administered UCLA-Covid-19 screening test, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder - symptom checklist, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale, Impact of Events Scale, K-10 scale and Trait Anger Scale. Socio-demographic features of the groups were almost same except for female preponderance and relatively low education in MS group. Hospitalization, test-positivity and quarantine rates due to COVID-19 did nor differ among groups. Pandemic conditions have made everyone feel helpless and hopeless, however, this was remarkably much more evident in HCPs. The most significant concern related with COVID-19 was contracting the disease for persons with MS, transporting the disease to their family members for HCP, and job/income loss due to lockdown for HVs. The stress level experienced by individuals with MS and health care professionals was significantly higher than that of healthy volunteers. In a similar way, the perceived stress level was the same in MS and HCP groups, but significantly higher than in the HV group. Persons with MS were as anxious and depressed as HCPs. Nevertheless, HVs stated that they experienced more psychological distress than both HCPs and persons with MS. Our results yield that depression, anxiety and stress were high among persons with MS during the pandemic.

The Relationship Between the Perceived Stress Level and The Spousal Support on of the Women Who Have Miscarriages

Bu araştırma, düşük yapan kadınların algıladıkları eş desteğinin kadınların algıladıkları stres düzeylerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Tanımlayıcı, kesitsel ve ilişki arayıcı nitelikteki çalışmanın evrenini, 1 Şubat-1 Mayıs 2019 tarihleri arasında İstanbul ili Anadolu yakasındaki bir doğum ve Çocuk Hastalıkları Hastanesine başvuran 182 kadın oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verileri, tanımlayıcı veri formu, Algılanan Stres Ölçeği (ASÖ) ve Eş Destek Ölçeği (EDÖ) ile elde edilmiştir. Kadınların ASÖ puan ortalaması 26,25 ± 6,92 ve EDÖ puan ortalaması 70,76 ± 11,44 olarak bulunmuştur. ASÖ ve EDÖ puan ortalaması arasında negatif yönde zayıf ilişki saptanmıştır (p

Exploring Perceived Stress and its Antecedents Among the Young Population with Special Reference to Sri Lanka's Economic Collapse

This research article focuses on the issue of perceived stress among the youth population in Sri Lanka, specifically in relation to the country's recent economic collapse. The study aims to investigate the factors that contribute to perceived stress and identify the stress management strategies employed by young people. Its primary objective is to comprehend the impact of the economic crisis on the youth and provide insights for interventions and support systems. Data collection involved crowdsourcing and simple random sampling techniques, resulting in a sample of 601 participants. The Perceived Stress Scale was used to collect data, which was analyzed using objective descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that a significant number of participants in the western province reported high levels of perceived stress. Thematic analysis was applied to identify the main causes of perceived stress among the participants. The analysis highlighted a negative response towards the economic crisis and inflation as major contributors to stress levels. Additionally, a word cloud analysis was conducted to identify stress management strategies and coping mechanisms, with the word "support" emerging as a predominant theme. The key results indicate levels of perceived stress among the youth population in Sri Lanka, directly linked to the recent economic collapse. This emphasizes the urgent need for interventions and support systems to address the psychological well-being of young individuals in post-crisis scenarios. The findings on stress management strategies and coping mechanisms offer valuable insights for the design and implementation of targeted programs aimed at alleviating perceived stress among the young population. In conclusion, this research highlights the significant impact of the economic collapse on the perceived stress levels of the youth population in Sri Lanka.