Perceived Personality Traits Research Articles

Модели восприятия амбивалентного Другого в условиях негативного пре-стимула

<p>The effects of framing with pre-stimulus information on the target object assessment were simulated in the perception of self-presentation video interview. Non-target personages of extremely positive and negative personal valence were presented as pre-stimuli. Two path models were built: the first one (Attitude Model) reproduced the structural logic of the attitude formation, and the second one (TraitsтModel) — the logic of dispositional traits perception. The sample consisted of 394 students from 17 to 27 years old (M = 20.06, SD = 1.24). It was found that the shifts in the target object's scores were occurred according to the contrast effect, however, this effect was triggered only by the negative pre-stimulus. In the Attitude Model, the primary “target” of the negative pre-stimulus is the cognitive component of the attitude. Slightly changing towards growth, it caused an avalanche-like positive shift in the emotional and behavioral components. In the Traits Model, the shift in the perception of personality traits was also occurred according to the principle of contrast. Negative pre-stimulus had a direct impact on the perception of Agreeableness and Extraversion, which, in turn, mediated the perception of Conscientiousness and Openness to experience. The results obtained could be used to create directed perceptual effects in the process of pedagogical, media or therapeutic influence.</p>

Personality-related characteristics of artists creating Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) videos and their role in evoking ASMR sensation in others

Research regarding the Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR), a pleasant tingling experience especially perceived on the skin of the scalp and neck and elicited by certain audiovisual stimuli, has so far focused on the consumers of ASMR content. In this study, the perspective was switched to the ASMR artists, focusing on their personality and ability to trigger ASMR in other people. N = 132 predominantly student participants watched 19 ASMR videos from different ASMR YouTubers (who interacted with the same stimulus) with a varying number of subscribers. The evoked ASMR sensation and the perceived personality of the ASMR artists was assessed. Moreover, n = 152 ASMR YouTubers and n = 138 Walking Tour YouTubers completed several personality and mental health questionnaires, which were also filled out by the 132 predominantly student participants. While the ASMR YouTuber's number of subscribers does not seem to play a role in triggering ASMR in others, the perception of the ASMR YouTuber as sympathetic, relaxed, close, empathic and agreeable is correlated with ASMR sensation. With regard to their personality, ASMR YouTubers consistently differ to some extent from other (Walking Tour) YouTubers (openness to experience, empathy) and a predominantly student sample (openness to experience). The notion that certain perceived personality traits of ASMR YouTubers might have an influence on the viewer's ASMR sensation adds to the knowledge of which factors are important in triggering ASMR in other people.

Investigation of Psychological Resilience in Gifted Adolescents

The current study aims to determine the level of psychological resilience in gifted adolescents and to examine whether their psychological resilience varies significantly depending on gender, grade level, mother’s education level, father’s education level, family type and perceived personality traits. The study employed the descriptive survey model. The purposive sampling method was used in the selection of the participants. The sample of the study consists of a total of 384 gifted students, including 24 fifth graders, 322 sixth graders and 38 seventh graders attending Science and Art Centres (BILSEM) located in four different provinces with varying levels of socioeconomic development (low, medium and high) in the 2022-2023 school year. The socioeconomic development level of the provinces was determined based on the 2017 provincial rankings in the socio-economic development research conducted by the Ministry of Industry and Technology of the Republic of Turkey. In the current study, the “Child and Adolescent Psychological Resilience Scale” determined the psychological resilience of gifted middle school students. A personal information form developed by the researchers was used to collect the demographic information of the sample group. The data set was analysed after normality tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk-W), and the SPSS 20 statistical program package was used to analyse the collected data. Frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, and standard deviation were used to determine the level of psychological resilience. While analysing whether psychological resilience varies significantly by gender and family type, a t-test was employed. In the analysis of psychological resilience concerning grade level, mother’s education level and father’s education level, One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed. The chi-square test was used in the analyses conducted to determine the psychological resilience of gifted adolescents concerning their personality traits. As a result of the study, the gifted students’ psychological resilience level was high and statistically significant differences were found based on grade level, mother’s education level, father’s education level, family type and perceived personality traits. According to the results of this study, carrying out studies that aim to determine the factors affecting the psychological resilience of gifted adolescents can significantly contribute to the literature. It is also recommended to investigate whether there are differences between the psychological resilience of gifted students and their typically developing peers.

The Impacts of Social Humanoid Robot’s Nonverbal Communication on Perceived Personality Traits

The use of humanoid robots has surged in recent decades. However, the nonverbal features in shaping robot personalities remain underexplored. This study investigates how nonverbal cues (including textual and gestural elements) can generate a spectrum of robot personality traits (introvert, ambivert, and extrovert) and evaluates their impact on users’ cognitive perceptions. Textual manipulations involved three iterations, adjusting word count, information structure, and visual effects. Gestural designs underwent two iterations, altering movement frequency, speed, and size. Multiple empirical studies were conducted to assess the development of robot personality traits and their effects. The results confirm the effectiveness of these nonverbal approaches in characterizing diverse robot personalities and significantly influencing users’ cognitive framing. This research provides valuable design guidelines for leveraging a humanoid robot’s nonverbal features to create a variety of personality traits. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering a spectrum of robot personalities rather than focusing solely on extreme traits.

Who Is Interacting With Whom? Assessing the Relationship Between Personality Traits and Preferences for Interaction Partners in Real Life

Individuals have different preferences to interact with other persons. These preferences may vary depending on the personality of a person and the perceived personality of their interaction partner(s). Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), we tested whether the perception of personality traits in others predicts participants’ preferences for social interactions in everyday life, and how these preferences are shaped by individual personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness) of the participants themselves. More specifically, we hypothesized that the preference to interact may increase if the interaction partner is perceived as extraverted and agreeable and may decrease if the other is perceived as scoring high on neuroticism. Based on mixed findings regarding preferences for similar vs. dissimilar personality profiles of interaction partners, we further expected interactions between participants’ personality and the interaction partners’ personality in relation to the preference to interact. To test these hypotheses, 130 participants answered up to six surveys on a smartphone on seven consecutive days. As predicted, higher levels of partner extraversion and agreeableness were related to increased preference to interact, while partner neuroticism showed the opposite effect. Similarly, participants scoring high on agreeableness showed higher and participants scoring high on neuroticism showed lower preferences to interact. Analyses regarding the interactions between the participants’ and the partners’ personality traits revealed that extraverts preferred other extraverts and agreeable individuals preferred interaction partners with perceived neuroticism. In conclusion, this study showed that the preference to interact with a person has a differential function depending on the personality traits of the interacting persons.

The Seventeenth-Century Uralic Peoples and Language Processes

Abstract Customarily, studies of Early Modern Russia stress agency emanating from below or from policy-makers at the top. This investigation chooses a middle path by examining the contributions of low-ranking administrative workers to homogenizing records-keeping through the creation of surnames. This was no easy task as these government personnel, with or without central direction, had to contrive criteria to formulate surname-creation. Surnames derived from occupations, physical characteristics, and perceived personality traits were one solution but so was topography and ethnicity. This study, using anthroponymy (the study of names) and hydronymy (the study of naming bodies of water) will portray how government workers in the field were able to organize local populations for the fisc through formulating surnames. This inquiry selects the Uralic-speaking populations of Northern Russia and Northwestern Siberia as its focus. The activities described unveil how local officials, whose identities remain unknown in larger thematic and national studies, were significant contributors to realm- and state-building through their unobtrusive policy-making via surname creation.

Yanmiri, Aboki, Afonja: Discursive Construction of Ethnic Others in Nigerian Online Discussion

How are discursive expressions of alterity online constructed? What factors engender this form of discourse and what is the socio-cognitive basis? What are implications of this construction of ethnic otherness online for a multiethnic nation like Nigeria? This study anchors on these questions. These issues were explored based on theories of social representation and discursive discrimination, such as social constructionism, biological determinism, symbolic interactionism. The study analysed the commenting behaviour of Nigerians drawn from Nairaland Forum based on van Dijk’s (1996) social representation theory and Boreus’ (2006) typology of discursive discrimination. The findings revealed that prejudices and stereotypes are premised on experiences and opinions that lead to generalisation, group polarisation illusory correlation, and attribution errors. Negative other presentations are achieved through labelling, deployment of environmentalbased peculiarities, struggles for socio-economic goals, ethnic sociocultural peculiarities, behaviour and appearances as well as perceived personality traits. These issues are accentuated through the deployment of linguistic and discursive forms and strategies, such as the mood system, adjectivisation, metaphorisation, lexicalisation, humorisation, and essentialisation. The study concludes that despite the fact that expressions of alterity are identified as online phenomena, they often impact offline intergroup relations.

Better Understanding Oral Communication Skills: The Impact of Perceived Personality Traits

ABSTRACT Oral communication skills are greatly valued by employers and the greater workforce community. This study used the theory of dispositional attribution and an adapted version of Brunswik’s lens model to assesses college students’ oral communication skills through innovative, video-based tasks and explores the extent to which perceived personality traits contribute to these skills. Better understanding the individual difference antecedents of oral communication skills can aid key stakeholders (e.g., educators, students, job applicants) in improving these skills more effectively and with greater ease. Findings showed both perceived extraversion and perceived conscientiousness were associated with higher oral communication scores. Consequently, students that are perceived as being on the low end of these traits may benefit from feedback providing information about how they are perceived when they present and suggesting behaviors associated with the higher ends of these traits.

Students’ perceptions of personality traits, presentation skills, and audience factors in their online presentations

This study aims to investigate undergraduates’ perspectives toward personality traits, presentation skills, and audience factors based on their experiences in online oral presentations as assessment tasks during English language classes. It also examines the factors affecting online oral presentations and suggestions to overcome them. To achieve this purpose, an online questionnaire with 5 sections and 28 items was distributed to 90 university undergraduate students. The data were analyzed descriptively using SPSS (version 26). The results revealed that the undergraduates’ perceptions of online oral presentations depended on three essential factors. Personality traits included fears of failure in the oral presentation assessment resulting in students’ anxiety even when they were well prepared. Oral presentation skills included their concerns on grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and reading from notes during the oral presentation. The audience included feeling frightened to present in front of an audience and worried if their peers were better than them. To conclude, the important factors that students realized were the audience, personality traits, and presentation skills. Hence, suggestions that students had provided included having enough preparation and practice as well as receiving good support from lecturers. This study highlights the vital role of lecturers in preparing learners for online oral presentations and underscores the need for guiding effective preparation strategies such as practice sessions.

An Experimental Investigation of Perceived Differences in Personality and Leadership Attributes of Social Entrepreneurs Compared to for Profit Entrepreneurs and Non-Profit Organisations Leaders

Social enterprises (SEs) strive for the fulfilment of a social mission based on an elaborated income strategy. Consequently, they are largely conceptualised as hybrid enterprises combining logics of traditional non-profit organisations (NPOs) and for-profit enterprises (FPEs). This is sound on the organisational level; however, it remains unclear to which extent the perception of SE leaders on the personal level mirrors this hybridity as previous studies are limited in scope and methodology. Our work examines perceived personality traits, work-related values, leadership styles and leader attributes of SE leaders compared to FPE and NPO leaders. Using a vignette-based, comprehensive experimental design with a sample of business students ( N = 170), we find that whereas notable differences in personality and leadership comparing SE and FPE leaders exist, SE and NPO leaders were perceived as not different. Based on our findings, theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

The effects of different voice qualities on the perceived personality of a speaker

Although previous studies investigated various aspects of voice quality perception and personality attribution there are no studies, to our knowledge, which simultaneously examine and compare the perception of various voice qualities when produced by the same individual. This work investigates how laryngeal and supralaryngeal voice quality variations of a speaker affect listeners' perceived personality traits (and thus perceived charisma) of that same speaker. Six Canadian English speakers produced paragraphs varying the following voice qualities: modal, creaky, breathy (natural and artificial), (hyper-)nasalization, and smiling (natural and extreme). Listeners of a perception experiment were then tasked to rate 10 statements for each presented audio stimulus. Statements were selected corresponding to a sub-section of the Big 5 personality traits shown to be linked to charisma perception. Results show significantly more positive listener ratings (i.e., higher ratings compared to modal) with medium effects sizes for both smiling variants across all personality traits. In contrast, creaky was perceived significantly more negatively overall for all personality traits, with a medium effect size. Nasal and breathy still achieved statistically significant rating differences compared to the modal baseline. However, the overall effect pattern was more complex, and effect sizes were small or negligible. Additionally, we found consistent differences for some voice qualities when examining listener ratings comparing male vs. female speakers: for both creaky and smiling (but not for other voice qualities), female speakers were rated more negatively when producing creaky for some personality traits, whereas both smiling variants were consistently rated higher for females compared to males.

Association between personality traits of school administrator and resistance to change

The relationship between the school administrators' perceived personal traits and teachers' resistance to change, and whether the personality traits of the administrators predict teachers' resistance to change in the 2021-2022 academic year, needs to be investigated. The sample for this study is composed of 501 teachers working in the central districts of Mersin province. The "Five-Factor Personality Scale" was used to determine the perceived personality traits of school administrators, and the "Resistance to Change Scale" was used to determine the resistance of teachers to change. The data was gathered over 15 days. Correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results showed a negative relationship between the decisiveness sub-dimension of the personality traits scale and the cognitive and behavioral dimensions of the resistance to change scale. Additionally, a weak negative relationship was found between the self-discipline and compliance sub-dimensions of the personality traits scale and the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral dimensions of the decisiveness scale. The extraversion sub-dimension of personality traits showed a negative relationship with the emotional and behavioral sub-dimensions of resistance to change. However, a positive relationship was observed between the neuroticism sub-dimension of the personality traits scale and all dimensions of resistance to change. The personality traits of school administrators significantly predict the level of teachers' resistance to change.

Perceived personality traits and parenting styles on addiction potentiality among nursing students

Background Drug addiction among adolescents represents a public health concern that receives attention from policy experts, academics, and government officials. Many factors that may affect addiction potential among nursing students are parenting styles and personality traits. This study aims to investigate the impact of personality traits and perceived parenting styles on addiction potential among nursing students. Setting Faculty of Nursing, Cairo University. Design A cross-sectional survey and descriptive research design. Sample Stratified random sample included 380 nursing students. Tools Personal data sheet, parental styles questionnaire, potential addiction scale, and personality inventory for DSM-5 Brief from (PID-5-BF). Results 28.8% of the studied sample had personality traits of addiction potential. They perceived their parent style as authoritative style (69.5%), Permissive style (47.7%), and authoritarian style (35.2%). About 56.8% of the nursing students experienced moderate addiction potential levels. Parenting authority and personality traits demonstrated a statistically significant positive correlation. Conclusion The study concluded that parenting style and personality traits are the main risk factors contributing to addiction potential among nursing students. Recommendation Design a counseling program for parents on the effect of various parenting styles on the risk of addiction potential among adolescents and personality.

What’s on a Party Member’s Mind? Voting Motives in Competitive Party Leadership Elections

ABSTRACT Procedures of party leadership selection have attracted considerable scholarly attention in recent years, but voting motives of party members in leadership elections have not been fully studied yet. This paper presents a new model of voting in party leadership elections that is inspired by previous models that were mostly tailored to more exclusive selectorates (such as the parliamentary party). We adopt an inductive research strategy that is based on an open question in member surveys that were held on the occasion of three Belgian party leadership elections. As a result, we obtain a comprehensive model with eight different vote motivations: policy positions, electability, competence, perceptions of personality traits, socio-demographic characteristics, personal relationships, party-organisational reasons and negative voting. Our findings also show that the kinds of motivations that are put forward by members are dependent upon the number of contenders.

Reduction of faking with the use of a forced‐choice personality test: Cross‐cultural comparisons between South Korea and the United States

AbstractForced‐choice format tests have been suggested as an alternative to Likert‐scale measures for personnel selection due to robustness to faking and response styles. This study compared degrees of faking occurring in Likert‐scale and forced‐choice five‐factor personality tests between South Korea and the United States. Also, it was examined whether the forced‐choice format was effective at reducing faking in both countries. Data were collected from 396 incumbents participating in both honest and applicant conditions (NSK = 179, NUS = 217). Cohen's d values for within‐subjects designs (dswithin) for between the two conditions were utilized to measure magnitudes of faking occurring in each format and country. In both countries, the degrees of faking occurring in the Likert‐scale were larger than those from the forced‐choice format, and the magnitudes of faking across five personality traits were larger in South Korea by from 0.07 to 0.12 in dswithin. The forced‐choice format appeared to successfully reduce faking for both countries as the average dswithin decreased by 0.06 in both countries. However, the patterns of faking occurring in the forced‐choice format varied between the two countries. In South Korea, degrees of faking in Openness and Conscientiousness increased, whereas those in Extraversion and Agreeableness were substantially decreased. Potential factors leading to trait‐specific faking under the forced‐choice format were discussed in relation to cultural influence on the perception of personality traits and score estimation in Thurstonian item response theory (IRT) models. Finally, the adverse impact of using forced‐choice formats on multicultural selection settings was elaborated.

Exploring Perceived Differences of Social Entrepreneurs, For-Profit Entrepreneurs, and NPO-Leaders

Social enterprises (SEs) strive for the fulfillment of a social mission based on an elaborated income strategy. Consequently, they are largely conceptualized as hybrid enterprises combining logics of traditional non-profit organizations (NPOs) and for-profit enterprises (FPEs). This is sound on the organizational level, however, it remains unclear to which extent the perception of SE-leaders on the personal level mirrors this hybridity as previous studies’ scope is limited to (i) a comparison of only two of the three organizational forms and (ii) leader self-reports. Therefore, in the current study, we examine perceived personality traits, work-related values, leadership styles, and leader attributes of SE-leaders compared to FPE- and NPO-leaders. Using a vignette-based, comprehensive experimental design with a sample of business students (N = 170), we found that whereas notable differences in personality and leadership comparing SE- and FPE-leaders exist, SE- and NPO-leaders were perceived as not different. Based on our findings, theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Antecedents of Intrapreneurship with Mediating Effect of Career Adaptability: A Study from Pakistan

Purpose: The study emphasized on exploring the antecedes of intrapreneurship by testing the career construction theory and perceived personality study from the context of Pakistan’s private sector universities.
 Design/Methodology/Approach: A Total of 270 male and female academicians working in private sector universities had participated in this cross-sectional research study. The survey questionnaire was adopted from different authentic sources and evaluated for validity and reliability. MPlus software has been used for statistical findings.
 Findings: It has been estimated statistically that career adaptability overall mediates between the relationship of perceived personality traits and Intrapreneurship.
 Implications/Originality/Value: It might be established that all the public/private sector universities might follow almost the same policies and laws but there are some differences like payment of salaries / remuneration of the faculty members working in government sector universities and private sector universities of Punjab, Pakistan. The study highlighted such issues of personality directly and indirectly with career adaptability and intrapreneurship.

Designing Gestures of Robots in Specific Fields for Different Perceived Personality Traits.

Since their development, social robots have been a popular topic of research, with numerous studies evaluating their functionality or task performance. In recent years, social robots have begun to be regarded as social actors at work, and their social attributes have been explored. Therefore, this study focused on four occupational fields (shopping reception, home companion, education, and security) where robots are widely used, exploring the influence of robot gestures on their perceived personality traits and comparing the gesture design guidelines required in specific occupational fields. The study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, an interactive script was developed; moreover, observation was employed to derive gestures related to the discourse on the fields of interest. The second stage involved robot experimentation based on human–robot interaction through video. Results show that metaphoric gestures appeared less frequently than did deictic, iconic, or beat gestures. Robots’ perceived personality traits were categorized into sociality, competence, and status. Introducing all types of gestures helped enhance perceived sociality. The addition of deictic, and iconic gestures significantly improved perceived competence and perceived status. Regarding the shopping reception robot, after the inclusion of basic deictic and iconic gestures, sufficient beats gestures should be implemented to create a friendly and outgoing demeanor, thereby promoting user acceptance. In the home companion, education, and security contexts, the addition of beat gestures did not affect the overall acceptance level; the designs should instead be focused on the integration of the other gesture types.

Perceived personality traits and presumptions of vulnerability to victimization in women

PurposeIn women, having a history of sexual victimization has been linked to certain personality traits (e.g. low levels of assertiveness) and nonverbal behaviors (e.g. fewer head movements). The majority of research in this area, however, has considered how self-reported personality traits and gait relate to victimization. As such, the present study aims to examine how observers’ perceptions of personality impact judgments of targets’ vulnerability to sexual and violent victimization, and how the nonverbal behaviors used when making these judgments may vary depending on perceived personality traits.Design/methodology/approachA total of 309 participants watched eight audio-less videos of a woman speaking. Following each video, participants rated each woman on varying personality and emotionality traits, as well as their perception of how vulnerable the woman was to future victimization, and how they came to their decision according to a number of predetermined nonverbal cues.FindingsConsistent with previous research, observers’ perceptions of sexual vulnerability were negatively related to perceptions of targets’ self-esteem and confidence, and positively related to anxiety. While violent vulnerability displayed a similar pattern of results, the nonverbal behaviors cited during the vulnerability appraisal process varied between personality traits. Though few results emerged within the latter query, anxiety exhibited the majority of all significant relationships, including being positively associated with facial expressions and upper and lower body movements.Originality/valueResults suggest that different behavioral and personality interventions (e.g. increasing self-esteem) may serve to increase self-efficacy, autonomy and confidence, as well as help women feel more in control of their destiny and interpersonal communications.

Interpersonal perceptions of personality traits in elite coach-athlete dyads

IntroductionThe extent to which coaches and athletes can effectively work together is an essential consideration in the pursuit of athletic success. This is particularly important at the elite level due to the high pressures on tangible outcomes, such as reaching the podium of a major competition. This study sought to explore and explain how both coaches and athletes identify personality traits in themselves and their partners to manage and maintain a positive relationship. MethodsUsing a mixed methodological design underpinned by critical realism, four elite coach-athlete dyads (four male coaches, one male athlete, three female athletes) were purposefully recruited from a single sport. Each participant completed the 44-item Big Five Inventory (John & Srivastava, 1999) on their own and their partner’s perceived personality traits. The data generated were used to inform the discussions in follow-up, individual semi-structured interviews with all participants. ResultsThe interview data were analysed using thematic analysis, which generated three higher themes and seven lower order themes. The three higher order themes were perceived compatibility, relationship persona and collective personality. ConclusionThe present investigation has identified what coaches and athletes perceive to be the key personality characteristics to manage and maintain a successful working relationship.