Perceived Job Characteristics Research Articles

A REVIEW OF THE JOB SATISFACTION THEORY FOR VOCATIONAL COLLEGE EDUCATION PERSPECTIVE

Job satisfaction signifies a positive attitude toward tasks performed, fostering confidence and enthusiasm among individuals as they engage in their work. The concept of job satisfaction has been explored through various theories relevant to vocational teachers. This paper aims to formulate a comprehensive theory of job satisfaction, integrating variations in work values and perceived job characteristics as key explanatory factors. The study delves into the intricate relationship between job satisfaction and specific work-related elements. Through a literature review analysis, relevant theories are selected to map out the theory of job satisfaction and to understand the interplay between Maslow's Theory and Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory. The findings demonstrate that both Maslow's theory and Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory influence job satisfaction within the organizational work environment of vocational colleges. Furthermore, the extent to which individuals can attain perceived job rewards is contingent on their level of control over their employment circumstances. Additionally, this paper examines previous theories related to teacher job satisfaction, providing valuable insights to teachers regarding the influencing factors that shape their control over achieving job satisfaction within the context of Malaysian Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions.

PERSON-ORGANIZATION FIT AND PERCEPTION OF JOB CHARACTERISTICS ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT, AND THE IMPACT ON PERFORMANCE IN SHARIA ORGANIZATIONS

There are 164 sharia public credit bank or BPR Syariah in Indonesia that ideally, their employees have a commitment to sharia organizations. The antecedents such as person-organization fit and perception on characteristics of their work. Meanwhile, it is necessary to understand the influence of person-organization fit and perceptions of job characteristics on organizational commitment, and their impact on performance in sharia organizations. This research using quantitative research, with the subjects of this research were employees of the BPR Syariah in Banyumas Regency. Data collected by scales and the hypothesis tested by path analysis. The conclusions are: person-organization fit and perception on job characteristics have a significant effect on organizational commitment, as well as their impact as mediators on performance in sharia organizations; perception on job characteristics have a significant effect on performance, but the person organization fit variable does not have a significant direct effect on performance. Organizational commitment as a mediator contributes to the influence of person organization fit and perceptions of job characteristics on performance through organizational commitment as a mediator for employees on sharia organizations with a total contribution of 46.7%.

Engaging leadership and nurse well-being: the role of the work environment and work motivation—a cross-sectional study

BackgroundHealthcare literature suggests that leadership behavior has a profound impact on nurse work-related well-being. Yet, more research is needed to better conceptualize, measure, and analyse the concepts of leadership and well-being, and to understand the psychological mechanisms underlying this association. Combining Self-Determination and Job Demands-Resources theory, this study aims to investigate the association between engaging leadership and burnout and work engagement among nurses by focusing on two explanatory mechanisms: perceived job characteristics (job demands and resources) and intrinsic motivation.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of 1117 direct care nurses (response rate = 25%) from 13 general acute care hospitals in Belgium. Validated instruments were used to measure nurses’ perceptions of engaging leadership, burnout, work engagement, intrinsic motivation and job demands and job resources. Structural equation modeling was performed to test the hypothesised model which assumed a serial mediation of job characteristics and intrinsic motivation in the relationship of engaging leadership with nurse work-related well-being.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit of the measurement model. The findings offer support for the hypothesized model, indicating that engaging leadership is linked to enhanced well-being, as reflected in increased work engagement, and reduced burnout. The results further showed that this association is mediated by nurses’ perceptions of job resources and intrinsic motivation. Notably, while job demands mediated the relationship between EL and nurses’ well-being, the relationship became unsignificant when including intrinsic motivation as second mediator.ConclusionsEngaging leaders foster a favourable work environment for nursing staff which is not only beneficial for their work motivation but also for their work-related well-being. Engaging leadership and job resources are modifiable aspects of healthcare organisations. Interventions aimed at developing engaging leadership behaviours among nursing leaders and building job resources will help healthcare organisations to create favourable working conditions for their nurses.Trial Registration: The study described herein is funded under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme from 2020 to 2023 (Grant Agreement 848031). The protocol of Magnet4Europe is registered in the ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN10196901).

Increasing graduates’ interest in B2B sales: how to dispel lay beliefs, fight stigma, and create a profession of choice

Given the pressing talent shortage and the need for well-educated recruits in business-to-business (B2B) sales, understanding how to increase university graduates’ low interest in this profession is vital to sales departments’ competitiveness. To tackle this issue, we adopt a mixed-method approach to investigate the reasons for and measures against graduates’ low interest in B2B sales. First, we develop a comprehensive, theory-based framework to understand the root causes of graduates’ low interest in B2B sales (Study 1). This framework uncovers specific beliefs discouraging graduates from pursuing B2B sales, including negative perceptions of job characteristics, the profession’s prevailing stigma, and negative career success expectations. Second, comparing graduates’ and B2B salespeople’s assessments of B2B sales job characteristics (Study 2), we reveal that graduates hold lay beliefs about B2B sales lacking intrinsic and social job characteristics. As a basis for a solution, we identify the types and combinations of sales exposure required to dispel lay beliefs and create a favorable but realistic picture of B2B sales. Third, combining text analysis of B2B sales labor market communication and conjoint analysis of graduate application drivers (Studies 3a and 3b), we develop guidelines to better align communication and job structures with graduates’ needs.

Polygenic liabilities underlying job stress and exhaustion over a 10-year follow-up: A general population study

We investigated whether individuals, who have a high polygenic loading for schizophrenia and major depression (PGL) but have not developed the respective disorders, are still susceptible to experience milder forms of ill-being in terms of job strain or exhaustion. We used the population-based Young Finns Study data (n = 928). PGL was assessed with a cumulative score of the polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia and depression. Participants (24–49-year-olds) evaluated their exhaustion levels and perceived job characteristics over a 10-year follow-up (2001, 2007, 2011). Participants with diagnosed psychotic or affective disorders were excluded. We found that high PGL did not predict less favorable perceptions of job environment (job strain, demands, control, satisfaction, social support at work) but high PGL predicted a higher trajectory of exhaustion in early adulthood and middle age. Additionally, high (vs. low) PGL predicted a stronger increase in exhaustion at increased levels of job strain. These findings remained after controlling for sex, socioeconomic factors, health behaviors, and cognitive performance. In conclusion, individuals with high PGL may have an elevated liability to experience exhaustion especially in early adulthood and middle age (despite they perceive their job environment similarly than others), and especially and at high levels of job strain.

근무기관의 영리추구 여부에 따른 보건의료종사자의 직무특성 인식과 직무몰입

Due to the specialized nature of the healthcare field, the attitudes of healthcare workers have a significant impact on job performance. Therefore, in order to investigate the performance differences resulting from profit orientation in healthcare institutions, it is necessary to examine the relationship between the organization's profit orientation and the job attitudes of its employees. This study assumes that the profit orientation of the institution where healthcare workers are employed affects their perceived job characteristics, which in turn affects their level of job involvement. To investigate this hypothesis, data from the International Social Survey Programme conducted in 38 countries in 2015 on the topic of work orientation were used. A total of 1,007 healthcare workers from 35 countries were included in the analysis. Independent sample t-tests revealed differences in perceived job characteristics between respondents based on the profit orientation of their workplace, and among job involvement variables, pride in job was higher among non-profit institution employees. Regression analysis showed that the job characteristic that had the greatest impact on job 88 involvement variables was interest in the job, and that social contribution and subjective income level influenced pride in work, while job autonomy had a positive effect on turnover intention. These findings reaffirm that healthcare workers are motivated by intrinsic rewards due to their professional ethics, implying that the job attitudes and performance of nonprofit hospitals may be better than those of for-profit hospitals.

Flourishing Organisational Citizenship Behaviour through Job Characteristics

Researchers' contributions in identifying predictors of organisational citizenship behaviours are appreciable, and still, contextual study of job characteristics as an antecedent of enhancing employees' citizenship behaviours will be valuable for the banking and insurance sectors. This study is an endeavour to investigate the way of association and influence of perceived job characteristics on organisational citizenship behaviours (OCBs). Cross-sectional survey data were obtained from 221 employees involved in varying natures of jobs in the Nepalese Banking and Insurance industry. Correlation analysis revealed the positive association of perceived job characteristics with organisational citizenship behaviours. Similarly, the regression analysis suggested that perceived overall job characteristics positively and significantly predicted organisational citizenship behaviours (OCB-I, OCB-O, and overall OCB). The study is expected to add value to job design considerations for flourishing citizenship behaviours from the context of the Nepalese banking and insurance sectors.

How trait gratitude relates to teachers' burnout and work engagement: job demands and resources as mediators.

The benefits of gratitude in the workplace, in general, and for teachers, in particular, are still understudied. In the present study, we investigated whether teachers' trait gratitude is linked to their work engagement and burnout. Moreover, we explored whether perceived job demands and job resources mediate the relation between employees' gratitude and these two outcomes. A sample of 312 Romanian teachers participated in the study. Participants filled out questionnaires assessing trait gratitude, perceived job characteristics, as well as burnout and work engagement. Results indicated that teachers' trait gratitude was positively associated with their work engagement and negatively with burnout. The relation between trait gratitude and work engagement was mediated by perceived job resources, whereas the link between trait gratitude and burnout was mediated by both job demands and job resources. Our findings suggest that educational institutions could cultivate teachers' gratitude in order to create a healthier and more motivated workforce.

Linking objective and subjective job demands and resources in the JD-R model: A multilevel design

ABSTRACT The Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model is a well-recognized theoretical framework assessing the impact of job demands and resources on well-being. Though the model conceptualises job demands and resources in terms of how jobs are both objectively designed and subjectively experienced, most studies have relied only on subjective self-reported data. In a comprehensive test of the model, our study investigates how objective job characteristics at the occupation level are associated with employees’ perceptions of job demands and resources in their role, and examines the indirect effect of objective characteristics on employee outcomes via perceived characteristics. Multilevel analyses of multisource and lagged data from 2,049 employees in 97 jobs indicated that perceived job characteristics mediate the effects of objective job characteristics on employee outcomes. Specifically, the objective requirement for positive emotional displays is positively related to exhaustion through perceived emotional demands. Second, objective job hazard exposure is positively related to physical health problems through perceived physical demands. Finally, objective job complexity has a significant positive indirect relationship with work engagement through perceived skill discretion. The results suggest that risk identification and enrichment processes should consider the nature of the job itself instead of merely focusing on employees’ cognitive appraisals.

PENGARUH PERSEPSI KARAKTERISTIK PEKERJAAN DAN DUKUNGAN ORGANISASI TERHADAP OCB DENGAN MEDIASI KOMITMEN PERTUMBUHAN DAN NORMATIF KARYAWAN

This research aims to determine the effect of perceptions of job characteristics and organizational support for OCB by mediating growth commitment and normative commitment of employees in the Engineering Division at PT. Adya Graha Surabaya. This research uses a quantitative approach that focuses more on hypothesis testing, while the data analysis technique uses path analysis, which looks at the relationship between job characteristics and organizational support felt by employees towards OCB through mediating growth commitments and employee normative commitments. The research findings indicate that perceived job characteristics significantly influence employee growth commitments, and employee growth commitments have a significant relationship with OCB, and also indicate that perceived job characteristics significantly influence OCB by mediating employee growth commitments. The results also show that perceived organizational support significantly influences employees' normative commitment, and normative commitment significantly influences OCB.

Towards a better understanding of work participation among employees with common mental health problems: a systematic realist review.

ObjectivesCommon mental health problems (CMHP) represent a major health issue and burden to employees and employers. Under certain conditions work contributes to wellbeing and participation of employees with CMHP. Promoting work participation is important, however the specific conditions in which work participation occurs is complex and largely unclear. This calls for a novel, realistic approach to unravel the complex relationship between outcomes, context and underlying mechanisms of work participation.MethodsIn the present realist review, peer-reviewed studies conducted between 1995 and 2020 were systematically reviewed on the outcome measures ’stay at work’ (SAW) and ’work performance’ (WP). The database search from seven databases identified 2235 records, of which 61 studies met the selection criteria and methodological rigor.ResultsThe synthesis demonstrates how work participation is promoted by the following mechanisms and contextual factors: (i) organizational climate and leadership, (ii) social support, (iii) perceived job characteristics, (iv) coping styles, (v) health symptoms and severity, (vi) personal characteristics, and (vii) features of interventions. An explanatory framework, based on the Capability-for-Work model, presents a new set of capabilities leading to SAW and WP.ConclusionsThis systematic realist review revealed mechanisms and contextual factors that promote both SAW and WP among employees with CMHP. These show how the organizational climate, social support in the work context, job characteristics and certain capabilities enable employees with CMHP to participate at work. Our contributions and practical implications are discussed, providing valuable insights for employers, professionals and researchers in the development of evidence-based interventions.

Designing innovative jobs: a fuzzy-set configurational analysis of job characteristics

PurposeHow to design jobs to support innovation is an issue that has received plenty of consideration over the past years. Building on the job characteristics model, the present study is set up to identify configurations of perceived job characteristics for innovation.Design/methodology/approachBy adopting a fuzzy-set configurational approach (fsQCA), the research question is addressed through a two-wave self-report survey of 199 employees of an Italian manufacturing company.FindingsResults reveal four compatible configurations of job characteristics leading to high levels of innovative work behavior and two for low levels.Practical implicationsThe results offer guidance for managers and organizations that aim to strengthen employee-driven innovation by offering different recipes of job design to maximize the chance of boosting innovative behaviors among their workers.Originality/valueThis research is one of the first to empirically test the relation of job characteristics for innovative behavior using a configurational approach. By doing so it contributes to the literature by advancing the notion that innovative endeavors are determined by the holistic effects of different interdependent configurations of job characteristics.

When and How Job Design Influences Work Motivation: A Self-Determination Theory Approach.

Based on self-determination theory and job characteristics theory, this study aims to provide a systematic and comprehensive model simultaneously investigating the relationship between job characteristics and two forms of work motivation (i.e., controlled motivation and autonomous motivation). To examine the proposed model, we recruited employees working in multiple Chinese industries and collected 435 valid questionnaires. The results indicate that job characteristics have a significantly positive effect on basic psychological needs satisfaction, which, in turn, positively affects autonomous motivation and negatively influences controlled motivation. In addition, basic psychological needs satisfaction mediates the linkage between job characteristics and positive or negative work motivation. Moreover, when an employee had high positive affectivity, job characteristics were more likely to fuel their basic psychological needs satisfaction. In contrast, job characteristics were more likely to be the depressor of these needs satisfaction when an employee possesses high negative affectivity. Our findings revealed that the degree of three needs satisfaction at work is a convincing and identifiable psychological mechanism between job characteristics and two types of work motivation. Also, work affectivity may influence the different perceptions of job characteristics, reminding managers that personality traits are a non-negligible factor in job design. Overall, this paper extends the application of the job characteristics model by revealing when and how job characteristics influence two types of work motivation and further puts forward managerial implications.

When workload predicts exposure to bullying behaviours in nurses: The protective role of social support and job recognition.

This study examined the moderating role of two resources (social support and recognition) in the longitudinal relationship between workload and bullying behaviours in nurses. A two-wave (12-month) longitudinal study was conducted. French-Canadian nurses (n=279) completed an online survey (October 2014 and October 2015) assessing their perceptions of job characteristics within the work environment (workload, social support, job recognition) as well as exposure to negative behaviours at work. Workload positively predicted exposure to bullying behaviours over time, but only when job recognition and social support were low. Workload was unrelated to bullying when social support was high and was negatively related to bullying when job recognition was high. This study aligns with the work environment hypothesis, showing that poorly designed and stressful job environments provide fertile ground for bullying behaviours. Bullying is a growing concern in the nursing profession that not only undermines nurses' well-being but also compromises patient safety and care. It is thus important to identify work-related factors that can contribute to the presence of bullying behaviours in nurses in the hopes of reducing their occurrence and repercussions. This study contributes to this endeavour and identifies two key social coping resources that can help manage the stress associated with workload, resulting in less perceived bullying behaviour among nurses.

Long-Term Care Nurses’ Intent to Stay, Job Characteristics, and Organizational Justice : A Structural Equation Model

Background：Gratifying the elderly health-care demands and promoting high-quality of nursing services are based on the effort of long-term care(LTC) nurses. However, the high turnover rate of LTC nurses has become very serious in China. What remains unclear is whether the organizational justice and job characteristics affect the LTC nurses’ intention to stay. Objective: The aim was to investigate intention to stay among LTC nurses in relation to organizational justice and job characteristics. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 545 LTC nurses. Data collection was performed between July and November 2019. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: Most of LTC nurses reported to stay in nursing or current work place, however they still had strong desire to leave if there were other job opportunities. Organizational justice and job characteristics were significant predictors of LTC nurses intent to stay. LTC nurses job characteristics partially mediates the relationship between organizational justice and intent to stay. Conclusion: This would suggest the importance of administrators/ managers understanding how to promote organizational justice, foster a justice climate and increase LTC nurses’ perceived job characteristics. The organizational justice culture programs should be develop as LTC nurses retention strategy.

The Relationship between Core Self-Evaluations and Affective Commitment

Core self-evaluations (CSE), a broad personality construct, has recently generated a great deal of research attention. However, while CSE has been found to be related to numerous relevant work outcomes (e.g., job satisfaction and job performance) and appears to be growing in its theoretical importance to the understanding of behavior at work, its relationship to Affective Commitment (AC) has not been investigated. Our results demonstrated that while CSE and AC are indeed related that, in order to fully understand this relationship, both job satisfaction and perceived job characteristics must also be considered since both fully mediate the CSE – AC relationship.

What makes them happy? Professional care-givers' job satisfaction.

Nurses' job dissatisfaction can be seen as an early warning indicator of occupational change and (early) termination intentions. Abetter understanding of job satisfaction and its determinants can help to prevent nurses from leaving their profession. We assessed the impact of nurses' perception of job characteristics on their overall job satisfaction in order to identify the most relevant factors. We also investigated the potential mechanisms through which the most relevant factor influences job satisfaction. We used multiple regression analysis based on astandardized survey of about 800 registered nurses (in long-term care facilities) in both inpatient care and outpatient care in Germany as well as qualitative content analysis of about 50 semi-structured interviews with nurses. We found that collaboration with the team and supervisor to be the most relevant factor associated with job satisfaction. Agood team can create professional support and ideational support for professional caregivers and enhance their professional development and the quality of care. Our results point to the importance of leadership training, team building methods and other measures for establishing and cultivating apleasant working atmosphere with flexible shift handovers and team meetings.

Pengaruh Persepsi Karakteristik Pekerjaan dan Dukungan Organisasi Terhadap OCB dengan Mediasi Komitmen Pertumbuhan dan Normatif Karyawan

This research aims to determine the effect of perceptions of job characteristics and organizational support for OCB by mediating growth commitment and normative commitment of employees in the Engineering Division at PT. Adya Graha Surabaya. This research uses a quantitative approach that focuses more on hypothesis testing, while the data analysis technique uses path analysis, which looks at the relationship between job characteristics and organizational support felt by employees towards OCB through mediating growth commitments and employee normative commitments. The research findings indicate that perceived job characteristics significantly influence employee growth commitments, and employee growth commitments have a significant relationship with OCB, and also indicate that perceived job characteristics significantly influence OCB by mediating employee growth commitments. The results also show that perceived organizational support significantly influences employees' normative commitment, and normative commitment significantly influences OCB.

The effects of job characteristics, organizational justice and work engagement on nursing care quality in China: A mediated effects analysis.

To analyse the structural associations among job characteristics, organizational justice, work engagement and nursing care quality in Chinese nurses. Nursing care quality helps ensure patient safety, which are core concerns. The explicit relationships among the study's variables from a management perspective can help hospital managers to implement effective strategies to improve nursing care quality. This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the relationships among the variables in 1,615 nurses in eight Chinese tertiary hospitals. Structural equation modelling was used to test a proposed model of these relationships. The scores of job characteristics, organizational justice, work engagement and nursing care quality were 3.55±0.41, 3.84±0.77, 4.67±1.30 and 3.42±0.70. Job characteristics and organizational justice had direct effects on nursing care quality. Work engagement mediated the relationship of nursing care quality with job characteristics and organizational justice. The final model explained 24% of nursing care quality. The results provide a better understanding of the associations between the study's variables. Perceived job characteristics and organizational justice can improve nursing care quality through work engagement. Reconfiguring work design to strengthen nurses' positive perceptions of job characteristics and organizational justice can enhance nursing care quality.

Prevention through job design: Identifying high-risk job characteristics associated with workplace bullying.

Work environment hypothesis, a predominant theoretical framework in workplace bullying literature, postulates that job characteristics may trigger workplace bullying. Yet, these characteristics are often assessed by employees based on their experience of the job. This study aims to assess how job characteristics, independently assessed via Occupational Information Network (O*NET), are related to perceived job characteristics reported by employees, which, in turn, are associated with self-reported workplace bullying. Multilevel mediation analyses from 3,829 employees in 209 occupations confirmed that employees, whose work schedules are more irregular and whose work involves a higher level of conflictual contact (as assessed by O*NET), report experiencing higher job demands, which are associated with higher exposure to bullying. Moreover, employees working in jobs structured to allow for more discretion in decision-making (as assessed by O*NET) report experiencing more job autonomy and are less likely to experience bullying. The results offer some clues as to how the way in which a job is structured is related to how that job is perceived, which in turn is associated with exposure to bullying. Our findings also suggest that a job design perspective to redesign certain job characteristics may offer an additional viable approach to prevent workplace bullying. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).