Perceived Behavior Control Research Articles

Revenge outbound travel in the post-pandemic era: evidence from an extended TPB model

ABSTRACT Revenge travel has become a hot topic in the global tourism industry since the lifting of pandemic-based travel restrictions. This research aims to thoroughly investigate the factors motivating revenge outbound tourism. Using an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) model, this research considers factors such as social and environmental information, psychological stimulation, and rational control. The results of the structural equation model (SEM) analysis of questionnaire responses from 561 Chinese residents confirm that environmental and social information and psychological stimulation jointly influence travelers’ attitudes toward revenge tourism, along with perceived behavioral control (PBC). These factors significantly facilitate intention and, in turn, promote retaliatory tourism behavior. The results of this research provide valuable contributions to the theoretical analysis of revenge tourism and the TPB model. This study also offers practical guidance on the recovery and growth planning of the tourism industry after the relaxation of travel restrictions.

"I Can Do It": Perceived Competence of Parents of Autistic Children After Participating in a Physical Activity Intervention.

Autistic children can benefit from physical activity (PA) in a variety of ways. However, autistic children tend not to meet PA recommendations and, consequently, may not experience the associated benefits. Parental PA support can facilitate PA participation among autistic children, but parents of autistic children may lack the skills to help their child engage in PA. Few studies, to date, have examined the outcomes of parent-mediated PA interventions for autistic children. The purpose of this study was to explore parents' perceived behavioral control (PBC) to support their autistic children in PA after their participation in a PA intervention. The theory of planned behavior served as the framework for this descriptive-qualitative investigation. Fifteen parents (each with 1 autistic child in the intervention) participated in semistructured interviews (3wk after the intervention), which were transcribed and then analyzed using thematic line-by-line analysis. Three themes characterized the changes to parents' PBC after completing the PA intervention. Those themes were: (1)I learned by son! (2)You are my coach! and (3)I can do it! The results showed that by participating in a parent-mediated PA intervention, parents experienced improved confidence and awareness of their child's abilities, thus enhancing their PBC. Future research is needed to examine how these improvements in PBC may influence the actual PA behaviors of autistic children.

A84: Factors Influencing Parents' Intention to Involve Autistic Preschoolers in Outdoor Physical Activities

Purpose: Outdoor physical activities (OPA) can not only improve the physical fitness and health of autistic preschool children, but also provide an indispensable opportunity for their social learning and interaction. However, parents’ intentions of providing OPA for their autistic children are complex due to reasons such as potential risk. Theory of Planned Behavior（TPB）has conceptualized that attitude (AT), subjective norms (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) are influential factors of behavioral intention. Perceived risk and perceived usefulness are suggested to associate with one’s intention, therefore, the purpose of this study was to test an extended TPB model on parent’s intention of providing OPA among parents of autistic children. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. A convenient sample of parents of 301 autistic preschoolers (mean age = 3.45±1.10 years old; boys=219; girls = 68) were recruited. Parents reported to questionnaires assessing their AT, SN, PBC, and intention (Ajzen, 1991; Yang, 2017) as well as perceived risk and perceived usefulness of providing OPA for their autistic children (Davis et al., 1989; Yu, 2016). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS software was employed to investigate the extended TPB model by including perceived risk and perceived usefulness (exogenous variables) with AT, SN, PBC to synergistically predict intention (endogenous variable). Results: The results revealed that autistic preschooler parents’ perceived usefulness (p < 0.01, f2= 0.087）had a significant and positive prediction on intention in addition to the significant contributions from AT (p < 0.01, f2=0.053), SN (p < 0.01, f2=0.047), and PBC (p < 0.01, f2=0.060). However, perceived risk (p < 0.01, f2= 0.070) had a significant and negative prediction on intention. Besides, perceived usefulness (p < 0.01, f2= 0.108) was positively correlated with AT and AT partially mediated the association between perceived usefulness and intention (Variance Accounted For= 23.2%). In general, perceived usefulness, PBC, AT, SN and perceived risk had a high explanatory power to intention (R2=0.536). Conclusion: The extended TPB model demonstrated to be a useful framework to explain autistic preschooler parents’ intention of providing OPA for their autistic children. Perceived risk and perceived usefulness are critical to parents’ intention in addition to PBC, AT and SN, which should also be the targets of intervention in practice. This finding also suggests practitioners may help parents’ understand the usefulness of OPA to help autistic preschoolers’ parents form positive attitude of OPA, then boosting their intention to engage their autistic children in OPA.

Factors Affecting Intention to Adopt Digital Currency among Digital Payment Users in Kathmandu Valley

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors affecting behavioral intention (INT) for adopting digital currency among digital payment users in Kathmandu Valley. Design/Methodology/Approach: This paper applied a cross-sectional survey design and collected 291 data from digital payment users in Kathmandu Valley analyzed by partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM). Findings: This paper highlights that attitude (ATT) and perceived behavioral control (PBC) for adopting digital currency are the major factors that influence INT for adopting digital currency. Likewise, peer influence (PI) and superior influence (SI) have a significant positive influence on subjective norms (SN). Further, perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), and perceived trust (PT) have a significant positive influence on ATT for adopting digital currency. Furthermore, self-efficacy (SE) and facilitating conditions (FC) have a significant positive influence on PBC. Originality/Value: The policymakers can utilize this information to develop infrastructure and regulations that encourage the use of digital currencies. Keywords: attitude for adopting digital currency, decompose theory of planned behavior, intention for adopting digital currency, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms

Understanding Fertigation Adoption: An Investigation into the Theory of Planned Behaviour among Indigenous Communities in Perak, Malaysia

The Orang Asli Resettlement Programme (RPS) aimed to uplift the indigenous community, particularly in the Titiwang Range area of Perak. Despite socio-economic development projects under the RPS, poverty persists among the indigenous people, and conventional farming practices persist. They also refuse to implement fertigation technology due to negative perceptions of fertigation technology. This study aims to determine the relationship between attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behaviour control towards fertigation technology among indigenous people in Perak. This study adopted a quantitative survey design conducted in Perak, Malaysia. A sample size of 150 indigenous people in Perak was selected as the respondents through purposive sampling. The collected data was subjected to descriptive and correlation analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 26. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between attitude (r=0.776, p=0.000), subjective norm (r=0.591, p=0.000) and perceived behavioural control (r=0.726, p=0.000) with the perception of indigenous people towards fertigation systems. The study recommended increasing agriculture-related programmes, particularly training initiatives, by organisations such as MUHAMMAD KAMALHAMDI BIN NAZAN (IMS ADA, EXCEL XDOP) JAKOA, DOA and non-profit organisations to improve indigenous technical training.

Motives for Consuming Organic Vegetable during Covid-19 Pandemics in Indonesia

COVID 19 has an immense impact on people’s life. One of the impacts is the increasing concern for a healthier lifestyle, including the consumption of organic vegetables. This study aimed to determine variables that have a positive and significant impact on consumers behaviour in consuming organic vegetables, by utilizing Partial Least Square – Structural Equation Modelling method. Variables that being analysed in this study are organic food knowledge, environmental concern, price consciousness, health consciousness, quality, subjective norms, risk aversion, perceived behaviour control, convenience to purchase, familiarity, food safety concern, emotional value, promotion, moral attitude, and the impact of COVID 19 on attitudes towards organic food, purchase intention of organic food, and organic purchase behaviour. The result shows that factors strongly influenced consumers’ motivation on the consumption of organic vegetables are subjective norm, risk aversion, price consciousness, emotional value, perceived behaviour control, moral attitude, and promotion respectively. Other factors have unsignificant influence on consumers’ behaviour so those factors can be neglected. The result of this study will be beneficial for organizations or businesses in developing strategy to improve customers’ motivation in consuming organic vegetables.

Oral Health Behaviour and its Influence on Oral Health Status and Related Quality of Life among Dental Outpatients - A Cross-Sectional Study.

This study aimed to predict oral health behaviour (OHB) using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and determine its influence on oral health status and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among subjects attending the outpatient department of a tertiary dental hospital in India. A pre-validated questionnaire was used among 240 randomly selected study subjects to record their demographic details, attitudes (Att), subjective norms (SN) and perceived behaviour control (PBC) with regard to dietary habits (DH), oral hygiene habits (OH) and dental attendance (DA) behaviours. OHRQoL and oral health status of study participants were recorded using Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and World Health Organization (WHO) Oral Health Assessment Form (2013), respectively. Multivariate analysis was performed after the necessary bivariate comparisons. Among demographic characteristics, the Socioeconomic status (SES) of the study subjects highly influenced their DH and OH (P < 0.05). DA was largely affected by the age of the study subjects (P < 0.05). While attitude of the study participants greatly affected their DH, PBC largely influenced their OH and DA behaviours (P < 0.05). The OHRQoL and Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (DMFT) levels were strongly influenced by the participants' DA behaviours (P < 0.05). DMFT scores and OHRQoL were highly influenced by DA behaviour besides others. DA instead was influenced by PBC. Hence, there needs to be a conscious shift towards strengthening the skills of the population to promote oral health.

Students’ Intention to Learn and Academic Performance in the Blended Learning Environment: The Role of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots

In the era of universal digitalization, new technologies and services are being created, among which we can highlight the development of chatbot technologies that can be effectively used in the educational process and that will be of interest to representatives of the younger generations. The current study aims to reveal the influence of artificial intelligence chatbot integration on students’ intention to learn and their academic performance in the blended learning environment. The research framework includes 7 key indicators: Satisfaction (SAT), Perceived Usefulness (PU), Attitude (ATD), Subjective Norms (SN), and Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC), Continuance Intention to Learn (CIL) and academic performance (AP), which are evaluated in traditional blended learning setting (N=104) and blended learning based on artificial intelligence chatbot (N=107). For comparison we used the average scores, standard deviations (σ) of students on 23 items and student’s t-test for independent samples. We also calculated Pearson correlation coefficient for all analyzed. The results of the current study confirmed the positive influence of artificial intelligence usage during the blended learning as it increases students’ attitude, satisfaction and perceived usefulness which directly and highly affects the intention to continue learning and academic performance.

Analysis of factors affecting purchase intention of slow-fashion products by applying the extended theory of planned behavior

Slow fashion is a new movement in the textile industry, where slow production mode and more ethical business processes are highly considered. This movement is an alternative to buying fast fashion productsto achieve a sustainable pattern. The theory of planned behavior also includes attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control, which are commonly used to analyze the patterns of green attitudinal variables through other additional principles, namelythe willingness to pay a premium, consumer effectiveness, and environmental knowledge. Therefore, this study analyzed factors influencing purchase intention of slow-fashion products. In this analysis, a randomized questionnaire was implemented and distributed to 140 Generation Z people in West Java Province, Indonesia. Structural equation modelingwas also used to test the fit model and path analysis of attitudes mediating green products knowledge on the intensity of buying slow-fashion products. The results showed that the three main variables of TPB and other influential/significant expanding principles were observed, except consumers' perceived effectiveness did not affect purchase intention. The limitations also prioritized the need for more experimental loci capable of being developed at different points. Moreover, the results obtained were beneficial for both academic and managerial purposes. This proved that green product purchasing behavior analysis needs to be academically improved, specifically for slow-fashion in developing countries. Managerial suggestions also increased green knowledge of fashion products through descriptive analysis. These suggestions enhanced consumers' understanding of the effective reduction of textile waste by purchasing fashion products.

Donors Behaviour towards Donation Based Crowdfunding: An Empirical Study using Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour

Philanthropy includes practices and deeds that are signs of a voluntarily committed effort to improve the lives of others. The idea of philanthropy can solve all of the major problems in the economy. Recently, online philanthropy (donation-based crowdfunding) has gained its own importance. The present study is primarily focused on the backers or donors point of view. The objective of the study focused on understanding the behaviour pattern and intentions of potential and actual donors towards the donation based model by the Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour. Data was gathered from 207 responses via a carefully constructed questionnaire include Theory of Planned Behaviour factors. Data responses that fulfilled the requirements were carefully selected for analysis. The data were analysed using SPSS and SmartPLS 4.0. Statistical tools such as descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis are used. The factors such as attitude, perceived behaviour control, subjective norms, self-identity and cognitive based trust have significantly positive influences on donation intention.

Transition from entrepreneurship education to entrepreneurial intention: A cross-cultural effect

Through a cross-cultural examination, this study aims to analyse a move from the field of entrepreneurship education (EE) to entrepreneurial intention (EI). Specifically, we carried out mediation (perceived behavioural control (PBC) and attitude towards entrepreneurship (ATE)) and moderation (gender and country) analysis. The study surveyed 546 Polish and Spanish university students and used a multi-group analysis to test the model across groups. The results reveal that attitude and PBC partially mediate the effect of EE on EI. Moreover, the results show that the model is consistent in both countries. The study contributes to the comparative international entrepreneurship literature on how the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) applies in different contexts and implications it has for this field of study.

Preventive behaviors of COVID-19 in the Iranian adult population during the pandemic: Integrated effect of the health belief model and the planned behavior intention using causal path analysis.

This study aimed to investigate the integration of the health belief model (HBM) and the theory of intention to plan preventive behavior for COVID-19 during the pandemic. In a cross-sectional study, a sample of 480 adult participants from different outpatient clinics were recruited in the study. The participant responded by self-report; the health belief model (HBM) scale, preventive behavior scale, subjective norms scale, the intention of planned behavior scale, and perceived control behavior scale were measured. The hypothesized causal path models were examined using SEM analysis. The HBM had significant effects on perceived behavior control (β=0.60, P=0.001), the intended preventive behavior (β=0.32, P=0.001), and subjective norm (β=0.53, P=0.001). Subsequently, the intention of preventive behavior (β==0.39, P=0.001) and subjective norms (β=0.27, P=0.001) significantly affected the performance of preventive behaviors. The estimated fitting criteria showed that the hypothesized model fits relatively well. The health belief model with the integration of subjective norms, perceived control behavior and mediation by the intention of planned behavior in a pathway relationship explains well the preventive behavior of COVID-19. The findings present a deeper understanding of how integrating HBM and intended planned behavior enhances people's preventive behavior against COVID-19.

What drives mobile banking adoption due to Covid-19 outbreaks? An empirical investigation of the younger generation in Indonesia

This study examines the factors of mobile banking adoption by 1162 bank customers during the Covid-19 pandemic. The data collection was analyzed using PLS-SEM with Smart PLS 4.0. This study extends the decomposed theory of planned behavior (DTPB) model by disease risk, trust, and a five-dimensional perceived risk. Based on the findings, disease risk, attitude, perceived behavior control, and trust influence customers' intention to use mobile banking, whereas subjective norm and perceived risk had little impact. Disease risk has the greatest influence indicating the danger posed by the pandemic in using cash as payment. As a result, banks must focus on mobile banking innovation tailored to customer needs, user-friendly, easier to navigate and enable banking services for daily use.

ANTECEDENTS TO THE UNDERPRIVILEGED UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS' INTENTION TO PARTICIPATE IN ONLINE CLASSES

COVID-19 pandemic has forced educational institutions to use e-learning systems. Bangladesh is no exception; many students come from underprivileged families who are not well-off. This study aimed to explore the antecedents to the underprivileged undergraduate students' intention to participate in online classes in Bangladesh through the integration of the Technology Acceptance Model, Information Systems Success Model, and Theory of Planned Behaviour. We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the hypotheses. The non-probability sampling method was used to select 394 respondents by dint of the subjective judgment of the researchers. Using smart PLS software, the data were analyzed with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). It was divulged that e-Learning usage intention (BI) is influenced by attitude (ATT), perceived usefulness (PU), students' online learning satisfaction (SOS) and subjective norms (SN). But perceived ease of use (PEU) and system quality (SQ), internet service quality (ISQ) and perceived behavioral control (PBC) do not influence BI. Even ISQ does not influence SOS. It was also revealed that PEU mediated attitude and PU, and PEU and SQ also influenced SOS. The study contributes to e-Learning literature by incorporating three models which may guide policymakers in understanding how to integrate students from all social classes into e-learning systems to eliminate academic digital discrimination.

Factors and Mechanisms Influencing Consumers’ Willingness to Participate in Food Safety Social Co-governance: An Empirical Study from China

Abstract Food safety governance and its performance improvement are inseparable from the cooperation of multiple subjects. The extensive participation of consumers is not only a powerful supplement to the deficiency of supervision resources but also an intrinsic request for seeking both temporary and permanent solutions to food safety problems. To ascertain the factors and mechanisms that influence consumers’ participation willingness of food safety social co-governance, an integrated conceptual model was constructed based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Benefit-Risk Analysis (BRA). 664 valid questionnaires collected in China were used to verify the hypotheses with the application of the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results showed that behavior attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control significantly impacted consumers’ participation willingness, and the influence strength was in the sequence of perceived behavior control, behavior attitude, and subjective norm. Perceived risk and participation willingness showed a strong negative relationship. Besides that, perceived risk also played a partial mediation role in predicting behavior attitudes toward consumers’ participation willingness. According to the conclusions, a series of policy suggestions were also proposed to help improve consumers’ participation willingness.

Use of Acupuncture in Migraine Management and its Impact on Lifestyle Behavior and Quality of Life

Aim of Study: Different complementary medicine therapies such as conventional acupuncture treatmentare largely being used for supporting public health and improve overall health behavior. This study aimedto determine potential benefits of acupuncture in migraine management and its impact on lifestylebehavior and quality of life in the context of Turkey. Methodology: A quantitative approach was used forcollecting the data via an online questionnaire, focusing on different health and lifestyle patterns amongpatients. A sample of 350 acupuncturists (from Turkey) was included in this study. The mean age of theparticipants was 51.5 ± 9.88 years with a maximum experience of 20 years. Results: Linear regressionanalysis was conducted and the results obtained showed that 47.4% of the chronic migraine patientswhile 28.7% of the acute patients, were always provided with required acupuncture treatment. Significantdifferences were observed within the context of clinical role attitudes, behavioral attitudes, perceivedbehavioral control (PBC), norms, behavioral change techniques (BCT), and treatment per week (p &lt; 0.05)while insignificant differences were observed within the context of age, five elements, Japanese and otherpractice styles (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study recommends conventional acupuncturiststo promote healthy lifestyle behavior and quality of life to manage migraine, leading to long-term benefit.

Impact of Perceived Behaviour Control on Hedonic Values of E-Sports on Generation Z

Impact of Perceived Behaviour Control on Hedonic Values of E-Sports on Generation Z

The Role of Employees in Digital Transformation: A Preliminary Study on How Employees’ Digital Literacy Impacts Use of Digital Technologies

Even though digital technologies such as cloud technologies are prevalent in transforming businesses, the role of employees and their digital skills in the process is, to a large extent, neglected. This article brings forward the novel concept of digital literacy to explore the role of employees in understanding the wide variety of opportunities of digital technologies and their actualization. By treating digital literacy as the antecedent of cognitive behavior of employees in utilizing cloud technology at companies, we apply the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) for analyzing preliminary empirical data collected from 124 Australian employees’ technology use intentionality and behavior. The quantitative analysis shows that the TPB holds for the utilization of cloud technology and there is a positive relationship between employees' digital literacy and the utilization of cloud technology at companies. Overall, the study contributes to the technology management literature by offering a workable construct to measure the digital skills of employees in the form of digital literacy. Further, it expands the TPB framework by introducing digital literacy as a perceived behavior control variable that helps to examine the role of employees in digital transformation. The paper ends with implications and limitations of our preliminary study, followed with suggestions for future studies.

Role of Perceived Behavioral Control, Perceived Trust and Entrepreneurial Intentions in Crowdfunding Intentions

This study seeks to examine the entrepreneurial intentions and crowdfunding practices within the context of university business and management students in Lahore, Pakistan. The investigation employs the theory of planned behavior and perceived behavior control as conceptual frameworks to analyze entrepreneurial intentions. The research assesses the influence of entrepreneurial intentions on crowdfunding intentions, taking into consideration facilitating circumstances and perceived trust in crowdfunding platforms. A sample of 244 university management students in Lahore, Pakistan, was surveyed, and the collected data were subjected to analysis using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) through Smart PLS 4. Notably, the study reveals that entrepreneurial intention serves as a complete mediator in the relationship between social influence, perceived trust, and crowdfunding intention. Additionally, entrepreneurial intention functions as a partial mediator in connecting perceived behavioral control with crowdfunding intention. This research contributes novelty to the existing literature by being the inaugural exploration into the interrelation between entrepreneurial intentions and the utilization of crowdfunding among university business students in Pakistan. The unique focus on this specific demographic enhances the significance of the study in understanding the dynamics of entrepreneurial behavior and crowdfunding adoption within an educational setting.

Determinant Factors of Diabetes Prevention Behavior in Students with Diabetes Mellitus Risk

Background: The trend of diabetes cases has shifted to younger ages, starting at the age of 15 years old, due to unhealthy lifestyles. Researchers have discovered that health students also tend to have a poor lifestyle. Students are associated with emotional activity and busyness, but no research has examined the relationship between these conditions and diabetes prevention behavior. Purpose: This study examined determinant factors affecting diabetes prevention behavior in college students with diabetes mellitus risk.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design, utilizing random sampling to gather data from 209 college students with diabetes risk. The instruments used in this study included adaptations of the Diabetes Prevention Behavior questionnaire, the modified Diabetes Management Time Questionnaire (DMTQ), the Perceived Behavioral Control, and the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. Data analysis encompassed One-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman’s rank, and multiple linear regression.Results: The study found a significant relationship between diabetes management time (p=0.001) and emotional intelligence (p=0.000) with diabetes prevention behavior. Emotional intelligence emerged as the dominant influencing factor (B=0.332). Conversely, no significant relationships were observed between perceived behavior control (p=0.223), class (p=0.734), sex (p=0.231), study major (p=0.263), age (p=0.064), and diabetes mellitus risk (p=0.664) with diabetes prevention behavior.Conclusion: This study revealed a significant relationship between diabetes management time, emotional intelligence, and diabetes prevention behavior. Emotional intelligence emerged as the key factor affecting diabetes prevention behavior, highlighting the need for focused interventions to enhance emotional intelligence and improve diabetes management among college students.