Peranakan Etawa Research Articles

Performance and Physiological Responses of Pre-Weaning Peranakan Etawa Goats Fed Milk Replacer with Maggot Flour

Pre-weaning growth is crucial for achieving high weaning weights, which are expected to positively correlate with the overall performance of does/ewes. Milk replacer, designed to meet the nutritional needs of pre-weaning kids, offers a solution to this challenge. This study aimed to analyze and evaluate the impact of incorporating maggot flour into milk replacer on the performance of pre-weaned Peranakan Etawa (PE) crossbreed goats. The parameters observed included milk replacer intake, nutrient consumption, body weight gain, weaning weight, rectal temperature, respiratory rate, and feed cost per gain. The study involved 10 two-week-old local pre-weaned PE goats, each with an average body weight of 5.33 ± 0.93 kg, divided into two treatment groups with five replicates each. The treatments included a commercial milk replacer (P0) and a milk replacer containing maggot flour (P1). Data were analyzed using an independent t-test at a 5% significance level. The results showed that daily body weight gain in pre-weaned PE goats fed milk replacer containing maggot flour did not differ significantly (P0.05) from those fed the commercial milk replacer. The physiological responses of the pre-weaned goats, including rectal temperature and respiratory rate, were similar between treatments and did not negatively affect their physiological status. The lowest feed cost per gain was observed in the group fed the maggot flour-based milk replacer (P1), indicating its potential economic advantage.

Organoleptic properties of peranakan etawa goat’s milk ice cream mixed with purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) and its financial feasibility analysis

Abstract The strong goaty flavor of Peranakan Etawa (PE) goat’s milk causes problems when it is processed into various derivative products, including ice cream. The research objectives are to examine the effect of the purple sweet potato pasta addition on the organoleptic properties of ice cream made from PE goat’s milk and to analyze its financial feasibility. The ingredients used are PE goat’s milk, purple sweet potato, and other ice cream-forming aids. The treatment consisted of three concentration levels of purple sweet potato pasta, namely 20%, 25%, and 30%. Organoleptic test was carried out by 30 untrained panelists. Statistical analysis method of ANOVA was applied to compare the effect of each treatment to the quality parameter of obtained ice cream. Financial feasibility analysis of ice cream production on a production scale/year (4,800 packs of ice cream). The results showed that PE goat’s milk mixed with 30% purple sweet potato pasta produced better than the other treatments and significantly different organoleptic properties compared to other treatments (P<0.05). Production of PE goat’s milk ice cream mixed with purple sweet potato has a Break-Even Point (BEP) of Rp. 15,869,024 with a profit of Rp. 7,729,104 per year, Gross B/C ratio 1.62 and a payback period of 2 years and 6 months. Thus, mixing purple sweet potato as much as 30% in PE goat’s milk ice cream provides the best organoleptic properties and opportunities for household-scale businesses.

Analysis of Reproductive Performance of Female Peranakan Etawa Goats in Toari District, Kolaka Regency

The Peranakan Etawa Goat, a type of livestock highly sought after in Indonesia, particularly in the region of Southeast Sulawesi, is renowned for its ability to reproduce and adapt to the local environment. This research was conducted between April and July 2023 in the Toari District, Kolaka Regency, deliberately chosen as one of the centers of Peranakan Etawa Goat production. The population under study consisted of female Peranakan Etawa Goats owned by farmers in the villages of Ranojaya, Wonua Raya, and Rahabite. Data collection was carried out through direct interviews with respondents and secondary data collection from relevant agencies. The observed variables included the Reproductive Performance of the Peranakan Etawa Goats, such as Estrus Signs, Puberty, Mating (S/C), and Birth (litter size), which were then organized and presented in percentage form. Descriptive analysis was conducted to depict the characteristics and findings of the data. The findings indicate that the reproductive performance of Peranakan Etawa Goats in the Toari District is suboptimal, with puberty achieved at the age of 8-9 months and the duration of estrus ranging from 24-36 hours

Sustainability: Management of Raising Peranakan Etawa Goats in Toari District, Kolaka Regency, Indonesia

The sustainability of livestock farming plays a crucial role in maintaining ecological and economic balance in a region. The primary focus in this context is the management of Peranakan Etawa Goat farming, which is the main subject of this article. The aim is to delve into the practices of Peranakan Etawa Goat husbandry management and its impact on the sustainability of farming in the Toari District, Kolaka Regency. This research was conducted in the villages of Ranojaya, Wonua Raya, and Rahabite, Kolaka Regency, from April to July 2023, with location selection adapted through purposive sampling. The observed variables include the management of Peranakan Etawa Goat husbandry, covering aspects such as breeding, feeding, housing, and husbandry systems. The collected data are presented in tables and percentages and analyzed descriptively. Findings indicate that the practices of Peranakan Etawa Goat husbandry management in the Toari District tend to involve purchasing breeding stock, feeding with foliage, and utilizing elevated pens with intensive husbandry systems

Evaluation Of Ph Quality And Water Capacity Of Yogurt Of Etawa Goat Milk (Capra Aegagrus Hircus) With The Addition Of Mangga Golek Fruit Juice

Milk is the product of livestock in the form of white liquid contains nutrients that are very good for humans. This study aims to determine the quality of pH (Hydrogen Potential) and moisture content of Peranakan Etawa (PE) goat milk yogurt with the addition of golek mango juice at different levels. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Tjut Nyak Dhien University. The research method used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications, namely P0, P1, P2 and P3 by testing the pH and moisture content of yogurt.The results showed that the addition of golek mango juice to yogurt gave the same effect on yogurt pH and water content. The optimal pH value, water content and dry matter of etawa peranakan goat milk yogurt in treatment P0 without the addition of golek mango juice with an average pH value of 3.98, water content of 84.4% and dry matter of yogurt of 15.6%. Yogurt dry matter is better in the P0 treatment

Optimizing Reproductive Outcomes of Peranakan Etawa Goat with Microalgae Diet by Determining Ovarian Activity, Estradiol 17β Levels and Serum Malondialdehyde

Optimizing Reproductive Outcomes of Peranakan Etawa Goat with Microalgae Diet by Determining Ovarian Activity, Estradiol 17β Levels and Serum Malondialdehyde

Calliandra Calothyrsus as a Concentrate Substitution by Regarding its Phytochemicals and Productivity of Indonesian Peranakan Etawa Goats

Calliandra Calothyrsus as a Concentrate Substitution by Regarding its Phytochemicals and Productivity of Indonesian Peranakan Etawa Goats

PENGONTROLAN PARASIT SALURAN PENCERNAAN KAMBING PERANAKAN ETAWA MELALUI PENGGUNAAN SUPLEMEN PAKAN DAN HERBAL

This study aims to control the gastrointestinal helminth parasite of Peranakan Etawa (PE) goats through the use of herb and feed supplements. A total of 20 PE goats with an average body weight of 19.74 ± 4.21 kg were divided into 4 groups. This study used a Completely Randomized Block Design consisting of 4 groups and 4 treatments. The treatment given to goats was P0: without Urea Molasses Mineral Block (UMMB) supplements and anthelmintic, P1: UMMB 100 g (1 day), P2: Albendazole (1 day), P3: UMMB 100 g + Curcuma xanthorrhiza (3 days), P4: UMMB 100 g + Curcuma xanthorrhiza (7 days). The data collected were prevalence, type of gastrointestinal parasites, and egg count per gram (EPG) of feces. Examination of EPG using the Floatation method. The results of the study obtained the prevalence of helminth parasites 100%. The types of helminth parasites found are Strongyloides, Haemonchus, Bunostomus, Dicrocoelium, Avitellina, and Oesophagustomum. The EPG reduction in UMMB and UMMB+Curcuma xanthorrhiza treatment (3 days) was the highest at around 64.88%. It was concluded that all goats were infested with helminth parasites with a mild level of infestation (epg < 100). The types of helminth parasites found are Strongyloides, Haemonchus, Bunostomus, Dicrocoelium, Avitellina, and Oesophagustomum. The use of feed supplements and herbs can reduce helminth parasites infections in PE goats

The effect of differences in lactation period and milking time on milk production and quality of Saanen Etawa Crossbreed Goats (Sapera)

This research aims to analyze the effect of different lactation periods and milking time on milk production and quality in Sapera goats (Saanen Peranakan Etawa). The research was carried out from September 2021 to January 2022. The materials used were 8 Sapera goats in the II lactation period and 8 Sapera goats in the III lactation period by collecting milk samples in the morning and afternoon. Milk quality analysis of Sapera goats milk using Lactoscan SAP (Nova Zagora, Bulgaria). The following parameters observed were milk production, fat content, protein content, lactose content, and density. This study used the Nested Design method, namely the nested milking time in the lactation period. The research data were analyzed statistically using T Test. The results showed that the difference in lactation period in Sapera goats could affect the density of milk (p<0.05). Differences in milking time in Sapera goats can affect milk production, milk protein content, milk lactose content and density (p<0.05). The conclusion of this study was that Sapera goats milk in the III lactation period showed a higher density of milk than II lactation period. Sapera goat milk yield from morning milking associated higher milk production, lactose content and density than the afternoon milking, but the protein content in the afternoon milking time was higher than the morning milking time and was still in the normal range. Milk fat content and milk protein content have met the standard of SNI No. 01–3141–2011 and Thai Agricultural Standard (TAS) 6006-2008.

Relationship between Physical Performance and Prolific Traits of Peranakan Etawa (PE) Goats Seen in Menda Kencana Farm, Semarang Regency

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between physical performance and prolificacy by examining 11 multiparous PE goats from Menda Kencana farm Semarang Regency. The data obtained for research comprised both prolific traits and the performance of the chosen sample of goats, which included body length (BL), body height (BH), chest circumference (CC), and hip width (HW). This research is categorized as survey research with the sampling method determined through purposive sampling, where the sample is determined intentionally, and the data used is primary data. Data were analyzed by simple linear regression analysis. The results of regression analysis of CC and HW each had a highly significant relationship (P&lt;0.01) with the prolific nature following the regression line equations CC = 80.39 + 7.34D cm (R2= 56%) and LP = 14.17 + 3.64D cm (R2= 60.3%). However, BL and BH were not significantly associated with prolific traits (P&gt;0.05). It is concluded that physical performance in the form of chest circumference and hip width is directly proportional to prolific traits, indicating that the greater the chest circumference and hip width, the higher the chance of PE goats bearing twins.

Perbandingan produktivitas kambing Peranakan Etawa dan kambing Senduro

There are various types of dairy goats that develop in Indonesia. The Peranakan Etawa and Senduro goat are types of dairy goats that are widely developed in Indonesia. This study aimed to compare the productivity of Etawa Peranakan goats and Senduro goats. This study used 5 Etawa Peranakan goats and 5 Senduro goats. The feed used in the form of complete feed with a nutrient content of dry matter as much as 45.93%. The parameters measured were the level of feed consumption, milk production and milk quality. The data obtained were analyzed using the Independent Sample T-Test. The research that has been done shows that the senduro goat has a higher level of productivity compared to the Peranakan Etawa goat. Senduro goats had superior levels of asfed consumption of 0.19 kg/head/day and BK of 0.09 kg/head/day and milk production of 73.92 ml/head/day. The quality of Senduro goat's milk is superior in protein quality by 0.15%, lactose by 0.15%, dry matter without fat 0.34%, and specific gravity by 0.002 g/ml.

Current goat milk production, characteristics, and utilization in Indonesia

In Indonesia and some southeast Asian countries, the number of goats raised for milk production is growing. In these countries, goat milk is the second most produced and consumed milk after cow milk. In Indonesia, dairy goats’ development is promising, but the farming of dairy goats and marketing milk products is still scattered and unstructured. The milk is produced from varieties of goat breeds, including Peranakan Etawa, Saanen, Nubian, and their crosses. Goat milk has unique and distinct characteristics and is an excellent source of nutrients for humans. Compared to cow milk, it has smaller fat globules, more homogenous, shorter rennet coagulation time, and softer curd. Goat milk utilization includes fluid milk for direct consumption; frozen fresh milk; dried or powdered milk; fermented milk products such as yogurt, kefir, including its derivatives such as cosmetics, concentrated yogurt, yogurt cheese, ice cream, shakes; cheeses such as fresh cottage-type cheese, acid-coagulated cheese and mozzarella; and also, other traditional products such as sweets & candies and caramels. The development of dairy goats and goat milk consumption is driven by several factors, including the low cost for start-up and production, consumers’ demand, alleged health properties of goat milk, and varieties of products.

The role of local knowledge system in enhancing Peranakan Etawa goat farm

The local livestock knowledge system is seen as the contributor to agricultural and rural development but not all local knowledge has the opportunities to be explored, customized, and applied to follow developmental dynamics. This research aimed to analyze the local livestock knowledge system of Peranakan Etawa (PE) goats from its elements, roles, management, and knowledge dissemination. This study was conducted in Kaligesing Subdistrict, Purworejo Regency, Central Java using qualitative methods. The data were obtained through interviews, observation, and documentation. Participants were determined purposively which consisted of smallholder farmers. The data validity was checked using triangulation of data sources and methods. Data analysis included data collection, data reduction, data presentation, data interpretation, and data collection. The results indicated that the PE goat farming local knowledge system elements existed by the integration of traditional and scientific knowledge systems that were distributed and applied by the farmers’ community as a source of livestock knowledge. Management and dissemination of local knowledge use the combination of traditional and modern patterns.

Chlorella vulgaris Supplementation as Mineral Source of Zinc and Selenium to Improve the Quality of Goat Milk as Health Drink in COVID-19 Pandemy

Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris contains micronutrients such as mineral zinc and selenium having role to produce antibody and improve body immunity. However, the impact of Chlorella vulgaris supplementation to goat milks’s chemical compositions has not being well documented. This research’s objective is to identify Chlorella vulgaris suppmentation as zinc and selenium source to improve goat milk’s quality as health drink in COVID-19 pandemy. Fifteen Etawah cross breed or Peranakan Etawa (PE) goats groupped into 5 treatments dan 3 repetitions. The goats were fed with grass, tofu waste and tempe waste. Chlorella supplement is fed to treated goat feed every day with level 0g (P0 = control), 2, 5g (P1), 5g (P2), 7, 5g (P3), and 10g (P4). The research’s result shows that zinc content in goat milk increase 2, 12 ppm or 24, 67%, while selenium increase 0, 08 mcg or 5, 5% after getting supplementation of Chlorella 10g/goat/day (P4). The provision of Chlorella also increase as solids total, protein and milk fat. Milk production increased by 28, 36% with Chlorella vulgaris supplements (P4). Based on the results of this study it can be stated that Chlorella vulgaris supplementation in goat PE feed can be used as a source of natural zinc and selenium minerals to improve the quality of goat milk as a health drink to increase body immunity, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Physiological status naturally infected gastrointestinal goats in response to polyherbal supplementation and Melastoma malabathricum extract

This study aimed to determine the effect of polyherbal supplementation and Melastoma malabathricum extract on the physiological status of naturally infected gastrointestinal parasite on Peranakan Etawa goats. Twenty goats were divided into five treatments, in which four treatments were infected animals and one treatment was used as an uninfected control animal. The five treatments were: T1= Non-polyherbal pellets + Ivermectin, T2= Andrographis paniculata + Curcuma mangga + Nigella sativa, T3= Andrographis paniculata + Curcuma domestica + Nigella sativa, T4= Curcuma mangga + Curcuma domestica + Nigella sativa, and T5= Uninfected control + Non-polyherbal pellets. Melastoma malabathricum extract was also given to T2, T3, and T4 to substitute Ivermectin. Parameters measured were rectal temperature, respiration rate, pulse rate, HTC, and THI. Results showed that there was no significant difference among the treatments on respiration rate, but highly significant (p<0.01) on rectal temperature and pulse rate. The pulse rate was significantly higher (p<0.05) in uninfected animals having THI value of 77-86 representing the hot condition for goats. Those goats could adopt its environment during the study as indicated by the HTC value of 2.15-2.28. Results also showed that HTC value was strongly correlated with the respiration rate (coefficient correlation 0.9987).

Evaluasi Kualitas Susu Kambing Etawa Yang Dikoleksi dari Peternakan Berskala Kecil Di Wilayah Samigaluh, Kulon Progo

Peranakan Etawa (PE) Goat is a type of superior goat that is very potential to be maintained as a dairy goat. Food safety guarantee of animal origin becomes very important in order to prevent and spread disease from animal to human. So it takes an effort in terms of quality control of food of animal origin, especially goat's milk. This study aims to determine the quality of PE goat milk which is maintained by farmers in small farms. The study was conducted on 15 samples of goat milk collected in the region of Samigaluh, Kulon Progo. The research used a method of testing the quality of milk in the laboratory that includes testing the physical condition of milk and milk composition. Testing the physical condition of milk consists of testing of cleanliness, color, odor, and taste. Testing of milk composition consist of degree of acid, reductase, fat content, calculation of total bacteria by Total Plate Count (TPC) method. The data obtained are then analyzed descriptively. The results showed milk samples were clean, yellowish, typical odor of fresh milk, and had a slightly sweet taste. Mean of acid degree 7,1°SH, mean of reductase rate 2 hour, mean of fat content 4,53% and mean total bacteria 2,8 x 105 CFU ml. These results indicate that the quality of goat milk included in the category worth to be consumed with sufficient quality. The quality of goat's milk is influenced by the type of feed given and the nutrient composition in the feed type.

Hubungan antara skor hasil bacaan heat detector dengan gambaran sitologi vagina sebagai parameter penentuan estrus pada kambing

This study aimed to determine the relationship between heat detector reading results and the feature of vaginal swab preparations as a parameter for determining estrus in Peranakan Etawa goats. Five healthy non-pregnant goats weighing 20-30 kg, were synchronized using PGF2α (7.5 mg Dinoprost, Enzaprost) intramuscularly twice with 11 days interval. Vaginal cytology examination began the day after the second PGF2α injection. The heat detector (Draminski®, Dramiński SA, Poland) is an estrus detecting device based on the amount of electric current flowing through the vaginal mucus. Spearman correlation analysis showed a relationship (p &lt;0.05) between heat detector reading and estrus detection based on vaginal cytology. The heat detector readings were very significantly correlated positively (p &lt;0.01) with the number of epithelial cells (coefficient correlation, r= 0.564), but negatively correlated with the number of cornified cells (r = –0.854), and also significantly correlated positively (p &lt;0.05) to the number of leukocytes (r = 0.487). The estrus stages were significantly correlated positively (p &lt;0.05) only to the number of leukocytes (r = 0.918). Likewise, the number of epithelial cells was highly correlated negatively (p &lt;0.01) only to cornified cells (r = –0,643), and the number of cornified cells was significantly correlated negatively (p &lt;0.05) only to the number of leukocytes (r = –0.472). It could be concluded that the features of the proestrus, estrus and metestrus stages based on the goat vaginal cytology was correlated with the reading results of the heat detector.

Reproductive Characteristics of Peranakan Etawa and Kacang Goats in Different Maintenance Systems in the Toari District, Kolaka Regency

Toari sub-district has a population of 4,434 head or 18.47% of the total 24,003 head of the goat population in Kolaka Regency. This study aims to determine the reproductive characteristics of Etawa crossbreed goats and bean goats in different maintenance systems in the Toari District. The population in this study were all breeders of goat etawa (PE) and bean goats in the Toari Subdistrict with the research sample of Ranomentaa, Rano Jaya, Lakito and Toari villages. The sampling method is determined by purposive sampling, as well as the data used are primary and secondary. Primary data were obtained through interviews of 100 respondents while secondary data were obtained from the District, village and related government offices. The results showed that the reproductive characteristics (the distance of calving, first mating, and kidding rate) of Etawa (PE) goats were generally higher than those of goat nuts in intensive, semi-intensive and extensive system maintenance.

Phenotypic characterization of local Peranakan Etawa goat reared in Polman regency, West Sulawesi

Goats are one of the mainstay commodities for farmers in rural areas, especially in several development centers in the West Sulawesi region, Indonesia. Generally the local goats that are kept are Kacang goats which are the type of meat production, but since the introduction of the Etawa breed most of the goat population that is currently being kept is from the Peranakan Etawa (PE) goat which is a cross between Kacang and Etawa goats which later develop into dual-purpose goats (meat and milk). The purpose of this study was to characterize the phenotypic (qualitative and quantitative) properties of Peranakan Etawa (PE) goats which were maintained by communities in the West Sulawesi region, Indonesia. This study used a survey method by identifying the qualitative and quantitative performance of the PE goat population. Characterization activities carried out were to identify the performance criteria of qualitative traits which included the characteristics of coat color, horn and ear shape and quantitative properties such as body weight, height, body length and chest circumference and chest width. A total of 113 goats (111 females and 2 male Peranakan Etawa breeds) were selected to be used as samples from the existing goat population. Peranakan Etawa breeding performance based on morphometric data included the characteristics of shoulder height (67.98 ± 5.61 cm), back height (71.34 ± 5.73 cm), body length (71.70 ± 6.46 cm), chest circumference (72.19 ± 6.46 cm), chest width (15.41 ± 1.86 cm) and body weight (33.04 ± 6.09 kg). The qualitative and quantitative performance of Etawa breeds in West Sulawesi is very diverse and need genetic improvement to meet Indonesia National Quality Standards (SNI).

Genetics Polymorphisms of INHA in Local Goat Populations in South-West Sulawesi Region of Indonesia

Inhibin subunit alpha (INHA) is one important gene that control reproductive characteristics of animal. The aim of this research was to identify the genetic diversity of INHA gene of Kacang and Peranakan Etawa (PE) goat as local goat breed which were maintained by farmers at goat development centers in Sulawesi region, Indonesia. DNA samples were collected from 137 heads Kacang breed from Jeneponto, South Sulawesi and 119 heads of Peranakan Etawa (PE) from Polewali Mandar regency, West Sulawesi. The PCR-RFLP technique with HaeII restriction enzyme was used to identify the genetic diversity base on the INHA gene. A and G alleles and AA, AG and GG genotypes of INHA gene were could identified in the local goat populations. Frequency of G allele, as predominant allele, were found in both populations (0.9343 of Kacang and 0.9160 of Peranakan Etawa goats). Both of local goat populations were shown low genetic diversity with average observed heterozygosity (Ho) of INHA gene were 0.13. Nevertheless, the data obtained in this study can be used as preliminary information to determine some development and improvement strategies of genetic quality of local goats that exist in this region.