Pera Glabrata Research Articles

Natural regeneration of tree species in the understory of Corymbia citriodora in Florestal city, Minas Gerais, Brazil

The natural regeneration of tree species in forested areas has been studied by several researches. This study aimed to evaluate the natural regeneration of tree species in Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K. D. Hill & L. A. Johnson planted forest understory in Florestal, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Individuals with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm were evaluated in seven 25 x 4 m plots randomly distributed. A phytosociological survey was carried out and the ecological groups and the dispersal syndromes of the regenerants were determined. We found 28 species belonging to 12 families, among which Fabacea and Annonaceae stood out. Density was 1,557 regenerants ha-1, and basal area was 23 m2 ha-1. The most important species were Psidium sp; Schefflera macrocarpa (Cham. & Schltdl.) Frodin; Pera glabrata (Schott) Poepp. ex Baill.; Astronium fraxinifolium Schott & Spreng.; Matayba guianensis Aubl.; and Plathymenia reticulata Benth. We found 35% pioneer, 40% early secondary, 18% late secondary, and 7% climax species, of which 57% are zoochoric, 40% anemochoric, and 3% autochoric. It is concluded that the natural regeneration in the understory studied comprises typical species of the Seasonal Semideciduous Forest of the Atlantic Forest biome, presenting significant density and individuals from all ecological groups.The natural regeneration of tree species in forested areas has been studied by several researches. This study aimed to evaluate the natural regeneration of tree species in Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K. D. Hill & L. A. Johnson planted forest understory in Florestal, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Individuals with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm were evaluated in seven 25 x 4 m plots randomly distributed. A phytosociological survey was carried out and the ecological groups and the dispersal syndromes of the regenerants were determined. We found 28 species belonging to 12 families, among which Fabacea and Annonaceae stood out. Density was 1,557 regenerants ha-1, and basal area was 23 m2 ha-1. The most important species were Psidium sp; Schefflera macrocarpa (Cham. & Schltdl.) Frodin; Pera glabrata (Schott) Poepp. ex Baill.; Astronium fraxinifolium Schott & Spreng.; Matayba guianensis Aubl.; and Plathymenia reticulata Benth. We found 35% pioneer, 40% early secondary, 18% late secondary, and 7% climax species, of which 57% are zoochoric, 40% anemochoric, and 3% autochoric. It is concluded that the natural regeneration in the understory studied comprises typical species of the Seasonal Semideciduous Forest of the Atlantic Forest biome, presenting significant density and individuals from all ecological groups.

Rhytismataceae in leaf litter of the Atlantic Forest in Southern Bahia, Brazil

Abstract The order Rhytismatales consists of four families (Ascodichaenaceae, Cryptomycetaceae, Cudoniaceae, and Rhytismataceae) and includes saprobes, necrotrophic parasites, and endophytic ascomycetes. Rhytismatales has a wide geographical distribution but has not been well studied in some regions of the world. The present study aimed to identify ascomycetes of the family Rhytismataceae in leaf litter of representative plants of the Atlantic Forest biome at the Biological Reserve in the municipality of Una (Reserva Biológica do Município de Una; REBIO-Una) in Bahia, Brazil. Samples of Inga thibaudiana, Myrcia splendens, and Pera glabrata leaf litter were collected at REBIO-Una in September 2011, April and August 2012, and January 2013 and incubated in a moist chamber. The fungal species were identified using morphological criteria. Three species belonging to the family Rhytismataceae were identified: Coccomyces leptosporus (associated with I. thibaudiana leaf litter), Marthamyces quadrifidus (on M. splendens and P. glabrata leaf litter), and Terriera javanica (associated with M. splendens leaf litter). This is the first record of T. javanica in the Americas, M. quadrifidus in the Brazilian Northeast, and C. leptosporus in southern Bahia.

Plasticidade da folha e lenho de cinco espécies lenhosas em duas áreas de restinga no Sul do Brasil

This study examined comparatively the plasticity of five “lenhosas” species occurring in two areas of salt marsh in Santa Catarina State, as follow: Clusia criuva Cambess., Myrsine venosa A. DC., Ocotea pulchella (Nees e Mart.) Mez, Pera glabrata (Schott) Poepp. Ex Baill and T ernstroemia brasiliensis Cambess . Functional attributes of leaf and stem were measured, and in the fi eld trees’ height and diameter were taken at breast height. The environmental heterogeneity was characterized by chemical analysis of the soil, thickness of litter and gravimetric moisture. For each morphological and anatomical attribute the phenotypic plasticity index was calculated. Leaf traits showed variation among the areas in all studied species, especially regarding specifi c leaf area. Wood attributes changed little, showing a higher inheritability of characters or similar responses to the water condition from the point of view of water resources’ use of. The results corroborate to other studies indicating that leaf is more plastic to habitats variations

Embryology of Pera (Peraceae, Malpighiales): systematics and evolutionary implications.

Pera is a neotropical genus that currently belongs to the family Peraceae. This circumscription resulted from an inclusion of the Rafflesiaceae between the old tribe Pereae and all other Euphorbiaceae, and wherein Pereae was elevated to family rank making Euphorbiaceae monophyletic again. These changes are necessary although Rafflesiaceae are holoparasitic with extremely reduced vegetative bodies and large flowers while Peraceae and Euphorbiaceae have well developed vegetative parts and reduced flowers. As the embryology of Peraceae was poorly known, and embryological processes are conservative, we studied the embryology of Pera glabrata, searching for similarities between Peraceae, Rafflesiaceae, and Euphorbiaceae that could support this grouping. Usual methods of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were utilised. The results show endothecium with reversed-T-shaped cells, prismatic crystals in the tapetum, and disintegrated aerenchymatous septum in the mature fruit as unique features for Peraceae and possibly apomorphies for the family. In addition to the unisexual flowers, porogamous fertilization is present and one ovule per carpel which may support the Peraceae-Rafflesiaceae-Euphorbiaceae clade. The comparative approach also suggests possible (syn-)apomorphies for linoids and phyllanthoids, only linoids, Rafflesiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Ixonanthaceae. The presence of a placental obturator found previously unknown in Peraceae emerged as a possible synapomorphy for the euphorbioids (including Ixonanthaceae, Linaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Picrodendraceae, Peraceae, Rafflesiaceae, and Euphorbiaceae), which appeared in a common ancestor of the group and has been lost in Rafflesiaceae.

Beltraniopsis rhombispora and Hemibeltrania decorosa from leaf litter in the Atlantic Forest in southern Bahia, Brazil

Abstract Species of the Beltrania group are constantly identified in association with a variety of plant debris in Brazil and different localities of the world. Leaf litter samples of Myrcia splendens and Pera glabrata were collected in the Reserva Biológica de Una, municipality of Una, Bahia state, Brazil, in August 2012, and incubated in moist chambers. Two specimens related to Beltrania group were isolated and identified by morphological criteria. This study aimed to describe and illustrate Beltraniopsis rhombispora for the first time in Brazil. Hemibeltrania decorosa previously reported from Caatinga Biome, Bahia state, has been cited for the first time for Atlantic Forest.

Lianas, tree ferns and understory species: indicators of conservation status in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest remnants, southeastern Brazil.

Indicators are applied faster and at lower costs than conventional surveys, providing quick and efficient responses that can facilitate protected areas management. Our aim was to select indicators from vegetation to monitor protected areas. For this purpose, we analyzed understory and quantified lianas and tree ferns in protected and non-protected areas, in order to find indicator species. Our study areas are located in Vale do Ribeira, southeastern São Paulo state, Brazil. One of the areas is under two protection categories (IUCN's categories II and V), and the other is a privately owned farm. Lianas with large diameters (> 13 cm) and tree ferns with great heights (> 19 m) were considered indicators of undisturbed areas (protected areas) because their growth is directly related to forest successional stage. Indicator species within the protected area were shade tolerant species, such as Bathysa australis (A.St.-Hil.) K.Schum., whereas outside the protected area were pioneer species, such as Pera glabrata (Schott) Poepp. ex Baill. e Nectandra oppositifolia Ness. All of the suggested indicators can be used in management actions, especially in protected areas, to guarantee forest maintenance and ensure fulfillment of the conservation objectives of these areas.

Tree growth and death in a tropical gallery forest in Brazil: understanding the relationships among size, growth, and survivorship for understory and canopy dominant species

We studied the relationships between size, growth, and survival for two functional groups, the persistent canopy and understory dominant tree species in a tropical gallery forest in Southeastern Brazil. In 28 plots of 10 × 30 m we tagged, identified, and measured the diameter of all trees with diameter at ground level ≥5 cm in 1993/1994, 1998, and 2004. We choose the three dominant canopy species (Protium spruceanum, Copaifera langsdorffii, and Pera glabrata) and two dominant understory species (Ixora brevifolia and Trichilia emarginata) for the comparisons. We assessed the relationship between previous growth rates and mortality, variation in growth and mortality rates among size classes, and temporal correlations in growth rates. Trees (whole community) with null or negative growth had a higher mortality, although this effect was not significant for individual species. Growth patterns were consistent along consecutive periods of evaluation for canopy species, but not for understory species. Canopy species had higher and more variable growth rates than understory species, which we attribute to greater access to light at the canopy level and also to a wider range of light conditions experienced during growth. Canopy species and one understory species, T. emarginata, showed accelerated growth as they became larger. Mortality rates were higher for the smallest trees for the community overall and for P. spruceanum.

Aspectos da ecologia reprodutiva de Pera glabrata (Schott) Poepp. ex Baill. (Euphorbiaceae) em uma área de Cerrado no estado de São Paulo

Pera glabrata é uma árvore que apresenta ampla distribuição no Brasil. A espécie vegetal é de importância para a conservação e recuperação de áreas degradadas, pois está presente em áreas impactadas, produz e dispersa grande quantidade de sementes e constitui-se em fonte alimentar para elevado número de espécies animais. Apesar da importância fitossociológica da espécie, ainda não existem estudos que abordem a sua ecologia reprodutiva. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar aspectos da fenologia reprodutiva, da morfologia floral, dos sistemas reprodutivo e de polinização e da dispersão de sementes da espécie. O estudo foi realizado em uma área de Cerrado no município de São Carlos, SP. Verificou-se que Pera glabrata é dioica e apresenta floração massiva e as flores dos dois sexos são pequenas, involucradas, amarelas e de antese diurna. As flores masculinas apresentam néctar e emitem odor adocicado, e as femininas não oferecem recursos perceptíveis aos visitantes florais. As flores foram visitadas por 32 espécies de Diptera e Hymenoptera de pequeno porte. Ocorre a formação de frutos e sementes por autogamia. Foram identificadas 25 espécies de aves visitando indivíduos com frutos maduros, das quais 16 ingeriram as sementes ariladas. Pera glabrata é autogâmica, com síndrome de polinização por diversos pequenos insetos e com dispersão ornitocórica de suas sementes.

Feeding ecology of a selective folivore, the thin-spined porcupine (Chaetomys subspinosus) in the Atlantic forest

Abstract We studied the feeding ecology of the thin-spined porcupine (Chaetomys subspinosus), a small arboreal rodent endemic to the Atlantic rain forest of Brazil and threatened with extinction. We captured and radiotracked 4 free-ranging individuals and collected 1,177 feeding records in 944 h of observation between April 2005 and September 2006. We found that the animal feeds exclusively on the leaves of woody trees, preferring young leaves. Diet composition and foraging pattern did not vary seasonally, although we observed a seasonal variation in the availability of young leaves. Annual diet comprised primarily (90%) 4 plant species, Albizia pedicellaris, Inga thibaudiana, Pera glabrata, and Tapirira guianensis. This small subset of plant species contains high levels of both leaf protein and fiber, and most preferred species have the capacity to establish symbiotic associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. A diet concentrated in a few taxonomically related, nitrogen-fixing species suggests that in a...

Chemical composition, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and antifungal activities of Pera glabrata (Schott) Baill. (Euphorbiaceae)

Pera glabrata (Schott) Baill. was selected for this study after showing a preliminary positive result in a screening of Atlantic Forest plant species in the search for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and antifungal compounds. The bioassays were conducted with crude ethanol extract of the leaves using direct bioautography method for acetylcholinesterase and antifungal activities. This extract was partitioned with hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents. The active chloroform fraction was submitted to silica gel chromatography column affording 12 groups. Caffeine, an alkaloid, which showed detection limits of 0.1 and 1.0 µg for anticholinesterasic and antifungal activities, respectively, was isolated from group nine. After microplate analyses, only groups four, nine, 10, 11 and 12 showed acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of 40% or higher. The group 12 was purified by preparative layer chromatography affording four sub-fractions. Two sub-fractions from this group were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. The first sub-fraction showed anticholinesterasic activity and contained two major compounds: 9-hydroxy-4-megastigmen-3-one (84%) and caffeine (6%). The second sub-fraction presented five major compounds identified as 9-hydroxy-4-megastigmen-3-one, isololiolide, (-) loliolide, palmitic acid and lupeol and did not show activity.

Diet of the thin-spined porcupine ( Chaetomys subspinosus), an Atlantic forest endemic threatened with extinction in southeastern Brazil

Chaetomys is a poorly known, monotypic genus of tree porcupine threatened with extinction due to deforestation and habitat fragmentation. Its nocturnal habit, relatively restricted distribution and low level of activity have conspired for decades against detailed field studies. Here the diet of the species in restinga forests is described for the first time. Restinga is a subtype of lowland Atlantic forest occurring on sandy soils close to the Atlantic littoral in Brazil. Three radio-collared females were monitored for 12 months between March 2005 and February 2006. Leaves were the most heavily consumed dietary item, varying from 71.9% to 75.4% of the diet of each individual, followed by flowers (7.7% - 15.7%) and fruits (0 - 1.4%). Animals fed on 57 trees from 14 species, with a higher concentration on Pera glabrata (49.8%) and Tapiriria guianensis (22.7%). Pera glabrata is locally abundant and widely distributed in the Atlantic forest. Each individual consumed a smaller subset of plant species (4-10 species/individual) and shared only the two most important tree species ( P. glabrata and T. guianensis). Results corroborate previous studies indicating that Chaetomys is a folivore, perhaps the most folivorous amongst the Erethizontidae. Since the most consumed plant species are relatively common and widespread, Chaetomys might thrive in a broader range of habitats than previously suspected, including secondary forests.

Antioxidant properties of plant extracts: an EPR and DFT comparative study of the reaction with DPPH, TEMPOL and spin trap DMPO

This work presents a comparative study of the antioxidant activity of extracts from nine plant species belonging to the Brazilian flora - Swartzia langsdorffii, Machaerium villosum, Pterogyne nitens, Pera glabrata, Aegiphyla sellowiana, Copaifera langsdorffii, Chrysophyllum inornatum, Iryanthera juruensis, Didymopanax venosum - acting on the free-radicals DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and TEMPOL (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy-1-oxyl) by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and acting on the hydroxyl radical (OH•) by the spin-trapping technique generated by a Fenton reaction. Results showed that the extracts of Iryanthera juruensis and Chrysophyllum inornatum display the strongest antioxidant activities. The results of scavenging tests were clarified by computational calculations - density functional theory (DFT), local density approximation (LDA) with SIESTA code - indicating that the energy released in the reduction reaction of TEMPOL is less than DPPH. Due to its availability and cost DPPH is more often used in these tests than TEMPOL, however TEMPOL should be considered when studying processes dealing with smaller energies.

Flora vascular e perfil fisionômico de uma restinga no litoral sul de Pernambuco, Brasil

Este estudo apresenta um levantamento florístico e a caracterização dos diferentes tipos fisionômicos de uma restinga localizada no município de Tamandaré, em Pernambuco, além de analisar a similaridade de sua flora com outras restingas ao longo do litoral nordestino. Foram identificadas 104 espécies, distribuídas em 88 gêneros e 54 famílias. As famílias que apresentaram um maior número de espécies foram Myrtaceae (sete), Fabaceae e Cyperaceae (seis) e Euphorbiaceae (cinco). A área apresentou três tipos fisionômicos distintos: campo aberto não inundável, fruticeto aberto não inundável e floresta aberta não inundável. O campo não inundável é caracterizado pelas seguintes espécies mais representativas: Abildgaardia scirpoides Nees, Borreria verticillata (L.) G. Mey., Cuphea flava Spreng. e Cyperus hermaphroditus (Jacq.) Standl.; enquanto o fruticeto aberto não inundável com Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby & J.W. Grimes, Byrsonima gardneriana Juss., Byrsonima sericea DC., Croton sellowii Baill. e Stigmaphyllon paralias A. Juss. As espécies mais representativas da floresta não inundável foram Andira nitida Mart. ex Benth., Manilkara salzmannii (A. DC.) H.J. Lam., Pera glabrata (Schott) Poepp. ex Baill., Protium bahianum Daly e Saccoglotis mattogrossensis Malme. A análise de agrupamento mostrou que existem dois grupos florísticos distintos, um grupo formado pelas restingas de Pernambuco (Sirinhaém, Tamandaré e Paiva (Cabo de Santo Agostinho) e outro formado pelas restingas de Pernambuco e Alagoas (Boa Viagem - Recife e Maceió).

Nest distribution and nesting habits of Xylocopa ordinaria Smith (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in a restinga area in the northern Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

This paper aims to study the distribution of natural nests of Xylocopa ordinaria and characterize its nesting habits in the restinga of Grussai/Iquipari (RJ), supporting future studies on the pollinators management in the northern Rio de Janeiro state. The data obtained from Aug/2003 to Dec/2004, in an area of 11.6ha, were related to the nest distribution, substrate identification and dimensions, emergence, sex ratio, nest structure (n= 23 nests) and pollen content analysis of provisioning masses and feces. X. ordinaria nests were abundant and presented a clustered distribution. These bees do not present taxonomical affinity for nesting substrates, but preferences for wood availability and characteristics, being Pera glabrata the main substrate. X. ordinaria is a multivoltine species that tolerates co-specifics in their nests. These bees were generalist on their nectar and pollen consumption, but presented floral constancy while provisioning brood cells. These behaviors, activity along the year, flights throughout the day, and legitimate visits to flowers indicate the importance of X. ordinaria on the pollination of plants in the restinga.

Bird attributes, plant characteristics, and seed dispersal of Pera glabrata (Schott, 1858), (Euphorbiaceae) in a disturbed cerrado area

Several plant characteristics, such as fruit production, nutrient reward, secondary compounds, and fruit color display, affect fruit choice by birds. On the other hand, several bird attributes affect their efficiency as dispersers. Here we investigate the ornithochoric seed dispersal of Pera glabrata Schott (Euphorbiaceae) in a cerrado fragment in southeastern Brazil. A set of bird attributes, such as frequency of visits, number of diaspores eaten, time spent foraging, methods of taking and handling the diaspores and agonistic interactions were analyzed in order to infer about the potential of each species to act as a seed disperser. Birds were the unique seed dispersers of these oil-rich diaspores. We observed 414 bird visits during 60 hours of focal observations in five trees from December 1999 to January 2000. Twenty bird species from seven families ate the diaspores of P. glabrata, but only 14 species were considered potential seed dispersers because they swallowed the diaspores, increasing the probabilities for the seeds to be defecated and/or regurgitated away from the parent trees. The main potential seed dispersers were: Turdus leucomelas (Muscicapidae), Dacnis cayana (Emberizidae), Colaptes melanochloros (Picidae) and Elaenia spp. (Tyrannidae). We did not find any significant seasonal change in the number of visits on the fruiting trees throughout the day. We also did not find any relation between the number of visits per tree and fruit production. The most effective seed dispersers of P. glabrata were generalist birds, which have a high visiting rate, high fruit consumption rate, and spend short periods on the plants. The large number of species recorded as potential seed dispersers of P. glabrata, being most of them very abundant even in Brazilian disturbed areas, may guarantee seed dispersal of this plant in small fragments and regenerating areas.

Fitossociologia e análise comparativa da composição florística do cerrado da flora de Paraopeba-MG

Foi conduzido um estudo fitossociológico no Cerrado sentido restrito da Floresta Nacional de Paraopeba, comparando-se os resultados (qualitativos) com os de outras amostras. Foram estabelecidas 10 parcelas de 0,1 ha (20 x 50 m), sendo incluídas no estudo todas as árvores (C30 > 15,7 cm). Foram registrados 1.990 indivíduos/ha (densidade total) e 18,13 m²/ha (área basal total). Os valores de riqueza (73 espécies/38 famílias), de diversidade Shannon (3,57) e de uniformidade (0,83) indicaram grande heterogeneidade e baixa dominânica ecológica. Leguminosae e Vochysiaceae foram as famílias mais ricas em espécies. O grupo das árvores mortas alcançou o maior valor de importância, seguido por Qualea parviflora, Pera glabrata, Erythroxylum suberosum e Qualea grandiflora. A análise comparativa de composições florísticas de 11 cerrados indicou uma forte influência da flora de Floresta Atlântica em Cerrado marginal do interior de São Paulo. Houve influência da localização geográfica na similaridade do Cerrado de Palmas, TO, com as outras áreas.

Fitossociologia e estrutura diamétrica da mata de galeria do Taquara, na reserva ecológica do IBGE, DF

(Florística e estrutura na mata do Taquara, Reserva Ecológica do IBGE, DF). As matas de Galeria, apesar de legalmente protegidas, vêm sendo sistematicamente substituídas visando a outras finalidades. As árvores (DAP³ 5 cm) na mata de Galeria do córrego do Taquara, na Reserva Ecológica do IBGE, no Distrito Federal, foram amostradas pelo método de quadrantes, com 250 pontos, dispostos em linhas estabelecidas ao longo do comprimento do córrego, desde as margens até os limites entre a mata e o cerrado. A amostragem de 1.000 árvores resultou na composição florística, na fitossociologia e na distribuição dos diâmetros dos troncos. No total foram amostradas 110 espécies de 49 famílias. O índice de diversidade de Shannon & Wiener foi estimado em 4,25 nats.ind-1. As famílias mais importantes foram: Leguminosae (lato sensu), Rubiaceae, Anacardiaceae, Euphorbiaceae e Sapindaceae, enquanto as espécies principais foram: Tapirira guianensis, Copaifera langsdorffii, Lamanonia ternata, Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil, Piptocarpha macropoda, Alibertia macrophylla, Matayba guianensis, Pera glabrata, Guettarda viburnioides e Ixora warmingii. As estimativas da densidade e da área basal total foram de 1.573 árvores.ha-1, e 38,5 m².ha-1 respectivamente. A distribuição diamétrica indicou uma curva tendendo para o `J' invertido, evidenciando os baixos níveis de distúrbios ocorridos na mata. Uma comparação florística conduzida entre 21 matas de Galeria no Distrito Federal apontou a mata do Taquara como uma área rica, com 110 (29,1%) das 378 espécies listadas e similaridade de Sørensen variando entre 0,34 e 0,80, nas matas incluídas.

Estrutura e composição florística de quatro formações vegetais de restinga no complexo lagunar Grussaí/Iquipari, São João da Barra, RJ, Brasil

Foi estudada a vegetação de restinga do complexo lagunar Grussaí/Iquipari (21°44'S; 41°02'O), que compreende a bacia das lagunas de Grussaí e Iquipari, com aproximadamente 4.800ha. Uma transecção de 25ha (2500x100m) foi delimitada no sentido mar/interior e coletas botânicas realizadas entre os anos de 1995 e 1997. As quatro unidades fisionômicas ocorrentes na área foram estudadas e, através do Índice de Valor de Cobertura, foram determinadas as espécies dominantes em cada formação: 1) Formação Praial-Graminóide: Remirea maritima, Ipomoea imperati, Sporobolus virginicus e Chamaecyse thymifolia; 2) Formação Praial com Moitas: Schinus terebinthifolius, Eugenia sulcata, Pilosocereus arrabidae e Cereus fernambucensis; 3) Formação de Clusia: Pera glabrata, Eugenia sulcata, Sideroxylon obtusifolium e Scutia arenicola; 4) Formação Mata de Restinga: Maytenus obtusifolia, Pera glabrata, Protium heptaphyllum e Coccoloba alnifolia. A similaridade florística da área estudada com outras restingas nos Estados do Rio de Janeiro e Espírito Santo não ultrapassou 41%, onde a proximidade geográfica não representou aumento da similaridade. Os resultados ressaltam a variação da flora de restinga ao longo de um pequeno trecho do litoral brasileiro.