Peptostreptococcus Anaerobius Research Articles

Third-generation PacBio sequencing to explore gut bacteria and gender in colorectal cancer

BackgroundGut bacteria have an important influence on colorectal cancer (CRC). The differences of gut bacteria between genders have been the hot spots. ObjectiveTo analyze the relationship between gut bacteria and gender differences in patients with CRC. MethodsA total of 212 patients with CRC and 212 healthy volunteers were recruited. The subjects' fecal samples were obtained, and the fecal microorganisms were analyzed by the third-generation sequencing PacBio. The composition of gut bacteria was analyzed. Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) was used to analyze the differences in gut bacteria. Pearson coefficient was used to calculate the correlation between differential bacteria. CRC risk prediction models were used to rank the importance of effective differential bacteria. ResultsEscherichia flexneri and Phocaeicola vulgatus were the most frequent bacteria in both male and female CRC patients. Bacteroides, Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansiaceae were highly enriched in male CRC group, while Bacteroidetes, Phocaeicola and Tissierellales were highly enriched in female CRC group. Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Phocaeicola vulgatus were important CRC related bacteria in males and females, respectively. Peptostreptococcus anaerobius was the most important characteristic bacterium of males (AUC = 0.951), and the sensitivity and specificity of the discovery set were 78.74 % and 93.98 %, respectively. Blautia stercoris was the most important characteristic bacterium of females (AUC = 0.966), and the sensitivity and specificity of the discovery set were 90.63 % and 90.63 %, respectively. ConclusionGut bacteria varied in different genders. Therefore, gender should be considered when gut bacteria are applied in the diagnose and prevention of CRC.

Peptostreptococcus anaerobius mediates anti-PD1 therapy resistance and exacerbates colorectal cancer via myeloid-derived suppressor cells in mice

Bacteria such as the oral microbiome member Peptostreptococcus anaerobius can exacerbate colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Little is known regarding whether these immunomodulatory bacteria also affect antitumour immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Here we show that administration of P. anaerobius abolished the efficacy of anti-PD1 therapy in mouse models of CRC. P. anaerobius both induced intratumoral myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and stimulated their immunosuppressive activities to impair effective T cell responses. Mechanistically, P. anaerobius administration activated integrin α2β1–NF-κB signalling in CRC cells to induce secretion of CXCL1 and recruit CXCR2+ MDSCs into tumours. The bacterium also directly activated immunosuppressive activity of intratumoral MDSCs by secreting lytC_22, a protein that bound to the Slamf4 receptor on MDSCs and promoted ARG1 and iNOS expression. Finally, therapeutic targeting of either integrin α2β1 or the Slamf4 receptor were revealed as promising strategies to overcome P. anaerobius-mediated resistance to anti-PD1 therapy in CRC.

Microbiome confounders and quantitative profiling challengepredicted microbial targets in colorectal cancer development

Despite substantial progress in cancer microbiome research, recognizedconfounders and advances in absolute microbiome quantification remain underused;this raises concerns regarding potential spurious associations. Here we study thefecal microbiota of 589 patients at different colorectal cancer (CRC) stages andcompare observations with up to 15 published studies (4,439 patients and controlstotal). Using quantitative microbiome profiling based on 16S ribosomal RNA ampliconsequencing, combined with rigorous confounder control, we identified transit time,fecal calprotectin (intestinal inflammation) and body mass index as primarymicrobial covariates, superseding variance explained by CRC diagnostic groups.Well-established microbiome CRC targets, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, did not significantly associate with CRCdiagnostic groups (healthy, adenoma and carcinoma) when controlling for thesecovariates. In contrast, the associations of Anaerococcusvaginalis, Dialister pneumosintes,Parvimonas micra, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Porphyromonasasaccharolytica and Prevotellaintermedia remained robust, highlighting their future targetpotential. Finally, control individuals (age 22–80 years, mean57.7 years, standard deviation 11.3) meeting criteria for colonoscopy (forexample, through a positive fecal immunochemical test) but without colonic lesionsare enriched for the dysbiotic Bacteroides2 enterotype, emphasizing uncertainties indefining healthy controls in cancer microbiome research. Together, these resultsindicate the importance of quantitative microbiome profiling and covariate controlfor biomarker identification in CRC microbiome studies.

Peptostreptococcus equinus sp. nov., isolated from horse faeces.

A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, and obligate anaerobic bacteria designated strain CBA3647T was isolated from a horse faecal sample in Jeju, Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CBA3647T formed a distinct phyletic lineage from closely related species within the genus Peptostreptococcus. Based on comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius ATCC 27337T is most closely related to strain CBA3647T with a 16S rRNA gene similarity of 98.31 %, while similarity to other type strains is below 98.0 %. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CBA3647T was 30.0 mol%. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain CBA3647T and the six Peptostreptococcus species were equal to or less than 24 %. Cells were non-motile and oval-shaped cocci with catalase-positive and oxidase-negative activities. Growth occurred at 20-40 °C (optimum, 35 °C), pH 6-8 (optimum, pH 7), and in the presence of 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1 %). Strain CBA3647T contained C14 : 0 iso and C16 : 0 as major fatty acids. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and molecular properties of strain CBA3647T suggest that it represents a novel species in the genus Peptostreptococcus, which has been named Peptostreptococcus equinus sp. nov. The type strain is CBA3647T (=KACC 22891T= JCM 35846T).

Prevalence of Predominant Bacterial Flora and Evaluation of Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase-producing Strains in Pericoronitis: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract Objective: The objective is to determine predominant flora and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains in patients with pericoronitis. Methodology: The study group comprised 30 patients presenting with the clinical diagnosis of acute pericoronitis. The subgingival plaque sample was collected from the distal cervice of the third molar pericoronal pouch. Gram staining was performed, and aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture was done following the standard protocol. All the anerobic bacteria isolated were tested for ESBL by double disc synergy, potentiated disc diffusion and nitrocefen disc method. Results: The prevalence of micrococci was 26.6%, whereas, in anaerobes, the major isolates were Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella melaninogenica, which constituted 20%, followed by Bacteroides fragilis (16.6%) and Streptococcus viridans (13.3%). All the strains of B. fragilis, Leptotrichia species, and Fusobacterium nucleatum were 100% ESBL producers, followed by 83.3% of P. melaninogenica and P. gingivalis, 33.3% of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. Conclusion: Study of microbial flora is crucial in conditions where antibiotics are the first line of treatment. Update of the diverse polymicrobial flora helps the clinician choose appropriate antibiotics. One of the primary causes for prescription failure or worsening of acute infections like pericoronitis might be ESBL-generating bacteria.

Gut microbial metabolite facilitates colorectal cancer development via ferroptosis inhibition.

The gut microbiota play a pivotal role in human health. Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbes participate in the progression of tumorigenesis through the generation of carcinogenic metabolites. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is largely unknown. In the present study we show that a tryptophan metabolite derived from Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, trans-3-indoleacrylic acid (IDA), facilitates colorectal carcinogenesis. Mechanistically, IDA acts as an endogenous ligand of an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) to transcriptionally upregulate the expression of ALDH1A3 (aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A3), which utilizes retinal as a substrate to generate NADH, essential for ferroptosis-suppressor protein 1(FSP1)-mediated synthesis of reduced coenzyme Q10. Loss of AHR or ALDH1A3 largely abrogates IDA-promoted tumour development both in vitro and in vivo. It is interesting that P. anaerobius is significantly enriched in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). IDA treatment or implantation of P. anaerobius promotes CRC progression in both xenograft model and ApcMin/+ mice. Together, our findings demonstrate that targeting the IDA-AHR-ALDH1A3 axis should be promising for ferroptosis-related CRC treatment.

Identification of FtfL as a novel target of berberine in intestinal bacteria

BackgroundBerberine (BBR) is a commonly used anti-intestinal inflammation drug, and its anti-cancer activity has been found recently. BBR can intervene and control malignant colorectal cancer (CRC) through intestinal microbes, but the direct molecular target and related mechanism are unclear. This study aimed to identify the target of BBR and dissect related mechanisms against the occurrence and development of CRC from the perspective of intestinal microorganisms.ResultsHere, we found that BBR inhibits the growth of several CRC-driving bacteria, especially Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. By using a biotin-conjugated BBR derivative, we identified the protein FtfL (formate tetrahydrofolate ligase), a key enzyme in C1 metabolism, is the molecular target of BBR in P. anaerobius. BBR exhibits strong binding affinity and potent inhibition on FtfL. Based on this, we determined the crystal structure of PaFtfL (P. anaerobius FtfL)-BBR complex and found that BBR can not only interfere with the conformational flexibility of PaFtfL tetramer by wedging the tetramer interface but also compete with its substrate ATP for binding within the active center. In addition, the enzymatic activities of FtfL homologous proteins in human tumor cells can also be inhibited by BBR.ConclusionsIn summary, our study has identified FtfL as a direct target of BBR and uncovered molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-CRC of BBR. BBR interferes with intestinal pathogenic bacteria by targeting FtfLs, suggesting a new means for controlling the occurrence and development of CRC.

Designing a multi-epitope vaccine against Peptostreptococcus anaerobius based on an immunoinformatics approach

Peptostreptococcus anaerobius is an anaerobic bacterium, which has been found selectively en-riched in the fecal and mucosal microbiota of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Emerging evidence suggest P. anaerobius may contribute to the development of CRC in human. In this study, we designed a multi-epitope chimeric vaccine against P. anaerobius PCWBR2, a recently identified adhesin that interacts directly with colon cell lines by binding α2/β1 integrin frequently overexpressed in human CRC tumors and cell lines. Immunoinformatics tools predicted six cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes, five helper T lymphocyte epitopes, and six linear B lymphocyte epitopes. The predicted epitopes were joined with AAY or GPGPG linkers and a previously reported TLR4 agonist was added to the vaccine construct's N terminal as an adjuvant using EAAAK linkers and the order of epitopes was optimized. Further in silico analysis revealed that the vaccine construct possesses satisfactory antigenicity, allergenicity, solubility, physicochemical properties, adjuvant-TLR4 molecular docking, and immune profile characteristics. Our study provided a promising design for vaccines against P. anaerobius.

Anaerobic Microbiological study of periodontitis in Salah Al – Deen City

Oral flora responsible for periodontal disease is polymorphic. The periodontal infection results either from the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms in the tissues, or even the activation of already existing germs, but not pathogenic under normal conditions. The aims of this study was carried out to evaluate selected bacterial agent s causing periodontitis. One hundred eighty samples were examined in the present study. Clinical measurements of per iodontal parameters used included dental plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss. The results of periodontitis were the most comm on anaerobic periodontal bacteria isolated from patients were pe ptostreptococcus prevotii which represented 15(8.3%) isolates, while prevotella intermedia, prevotella melani, prevotella disiens, Bifidobacterium sp., Fusibacterium mortiferum peptostreptococcus tet radius, and Wolinella sp. represented only 1 (0.5%) isolates.Also another anaerobic subgingival bacteria isolated from inflamed sites in patients were fusibacterium varium ,vellionella sp., campylobacter gracilis, capnocytophaga sp. ,peptostreptococcus magnus, peptostreptococcus micros, peptostreptococcus niger,peptostreptococcus anaerobius, staphylococcus saccharolyticus, streptococcus consellatus, and gemella morbillorum. Concerning to the results of this study the researcher concludes peptostreptococcus prevotii, prevotella intermedia, prevotella melani, prevotella disiens, Bifidobacterium sp., Fusibacterium mortiferum peptostreptococcus tetradius, and Wolinella sp. fusibacterium varium ,vellionella sp., campylobacter gracilis, capnocytophaga sp. ,peptostreptococcus magnus,eptostreptococcus micros, peptostreptococcus niger,peptostreptococcus anaerobius, staphylococcus saccharolyticus, streptococcus consellatus, and gemella morbillorum were the most common anaerobic periodontal pathogens isolated from patients in the present study.

Peptostreptococcus anaerobius is a potential diagnostic biomarker of colorectal cancer

Peptostreptococcus anaerobius is a potential diagnostic biomarker of colorectal cancer

An in vitro dynamic bioreactor model for evaluating antimicrobial effectiveness on periodontal polymicrobial biofilms: a proof-of-concept study.

The aim of this study was to investigate an in vitro dynamic bioreactor model by evaluating the antimicrobial effect of clinically relevant amoxicillin doses on polymicrobial microcosm biofilms derived from subgingival plaque. Biofilms from pooled subgingival plaque were grown for 108 hours in control and experimental dynamic biofilm reactors. Amoxicillin was subsequently infused into the experimental reactor to simulate the pharmacokinetic profile of a standard 500mg thrice-daily dosing regimen over 5 days and biofilms were assessed by live/dead staining, scanning electron microscopy, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Following establishment of the oral microcosm biofilms, confocal imaging analysis showed a significant increase in dead bacteria at 8hours (p = 0.0095), 48hours (p = 0.0070), 96hours (p = 0.0140), and 120hours (p<0.0001) in the amoxicillin-treated biofilms compared to the control biofilms. Nevertheless, viable bacteria remained in the center of the biofilm at all timepoints. Significant reductions/elimination in Campylobacter rectus, Tannerella forsythia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius was observed among the amoxicillin-treated biofilms at the 96 and 120hour timepoints. A novel in vitro dynamic model of oral microcosm biofilms was effective in modeling the antimicrobial effect of a pharmacokinetically simulated clinically relevant dose of amoxicillin.

Deciphering the mechanism of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius-induced chemoresistance in colorectal cancer: the important roles of MDSC recruitment and EMT activation.

Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (P. anaerobius, PA) in intestinal flora of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) are associated with poor prognosis. Studies have shown that P. anaerobius could promote colorectal carcinogenesis and progression, but whether P. anaerobius could induce chemoresistance of colorectal cancer has not been clarified. Here, both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that P. anaerobius specifically colonized the CRC lesion and enhanced chemoresistance of colorectal cancer to oxaliplatin by recruiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) into the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, this study revealed that it was the increased secretion of IL-23 by MDSCs that subsequently facilitated the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells to induce chemoresistance of CRC by activating the Stat3-EMT pathway. Our results highlight that targeting P. anaerobius might be a novel therapeutic strategy to overcome chemoresistance in the treatment of CRC.

Key bacterial taxa determine longitudinal dynamics of aromatic amino acid catabolism in infants’ gut

ABSTRACT The development of the gut microbiota in early life is linked to metabolic, neuronal, and immunological development. Recent studies have shown that bacterial production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and aromatic amino acid (AAA) catabolites in the gut can mediate host–microbe interactions. However, the dynamics of these microbiota-derived metabolites and the key bacterial taxa producing AAA catabolites during infancy are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the longitudinal dynamics of the microbiota and microbiota-derived SCFAs and AAA catabolites in more than 200 fecal samples from 25 healthy breast- or mixed-fed Danish infants during the first 6 months of life. We found that the gut microbiota composition and metabolism were highly individual but showed significant development over time. SCFAs and specific groups of AAA catabolites showed distinct temporal abundance patterns. Furthermore, we identified bacterial taxa responsible for the generation of AAA catabolites by associating the dynamics of gut microbial taxa and AAA catabolites and subsequently validating these associations in vitro by cultivation of strains representing the associated taxa. In addition to specific Bifidobacterium species being the main producers of aromatic lactic acids, we identified Peptostreptococcus anaerobius as the main producer of aromatic propionic acids, Ruminococcus gnavus as a main producer of tryptamine, and Enterococcus species as main tyramine producers in infants’ gut. Thus, our results showcase the temporal dynamics of key gut microbial metabolites in early life and demonstrate that the appearance and abundance of specific AAA catabolites result from the appearance and abundance of specific key bacterial taxa in infants’ gut.

Effect of sodium hypochlorite on the microbiota and odor of manure effluents

Manure effluents (ME) of livestock enterprises represent a rich nutrient medium for the development of various aerobic microorganisms (MO). During the biodegradation of the organic components of ME, a wide range of odor-forming substances (OFS) and greenhouse gases enter the atmospheric air. The intensity and main directions of ME destruction depend on the composition and amount of microbiota. A solution of sodium hypochlorite can be used to suppress the decomposition of the biogenic components of ME. In the course of our research, it was found that the introduction of 0.005% active chlorine into the liquid fraction of ME (pH ~ 6.8; humidity ~ 99.1%) leads to a decrease in the numbers of putrefactive microbiota, namely: Bacteroides, Clostridium, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Sarcina ventriculi, and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. The corresponding ammonifiers are actively involved in the biodegradation processes of organic substances to form acetic acid, isovaleric acid, butyric acid, indoles, skatoles, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans and others. The numbers of microbiota not making a significant contribution to the production of OFS (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhodotorula glutinis, Lactobacillus ssp. and others), on the contrary, increased. The numbers of some producers of volatile fatty acids (VFA), namely: Anaerococcus prevotii, Acidaminococcus, Prevotella spp. etc. increased. However, this did not affect the intensity and nature of the ME odor, which can be explained by the formation of non-volatile VFA salts at pH above 7.0. The numbers of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella sp., Proteus ssp., Alistipes putredinis, Bifidobacterium ssp., Candida tropicalis, and Candida albicans almost did not change when NaOCl was added to ME. As a result of the microbiota transformation, the total emission of gaseous substances, whose main components are the greenhouse gases CO2 and CH4, decreased by more than 17%. The unpleasant odor intensity has significantly decreased. A NaOCl solution can be used to treat ME in manure storage baths. The introduction of the practice of treating ME with this biocide is facilitated by its availability, low cost and safety for the environment.

Development of a novel endolysin, PanLys.1, for the specific inhibition of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius.

The objective of this study was to develop a novel endolysin (PanLys.1) for the specific killing of the ruminal hyper-ammonia-producing bacterium Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (P. anaerobius). Whole genome sequences of P. anaerobius strains and related bacteriophages were collected from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database, and the candidate gene for PanLys.1 was isolated based on amino acid sequences and conserved domain database (CDD) analysis. The gene was overexpressed using a pET system in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The lytic activity of PanLys.1 was evaluated under various conditions (dosage, pH, temperature, NaCl, and metal ions) to determine the optimal lytic activity conditions. Finally, the killing activity of PanLys.1 against P. anaerobius was confirmed using an in vitro rumen fermentation system. CDD analysis showed that PanLys.1 has a modular design with a catalytic domain, amidase-2, at the N-terminal, and a cell wall binding domain, from the CW-7 superfamily, at the C-terminal. The lytic activity of PanLys.1 against P. anaerobius was the highest at pH 8.0 (p<0.05) and was maintained at 37°C to 45°C, and 0 to 250 mM NaCl. The activity of PanLys.1 significantly decreased (p<0.05) after Mn2+ or Zn2+ treatment. The relative abundance of P. anaerobius did not decrease after administration PanLys.1 under in vitro rumen conditions. The application of PanLys.1 to modulate P. anaerobius in the rumen might not be feasible because its lytic activity was not observed in in vitro rumen system.

CHANGE CHARACTERISTICS IN SALIVA AND FECES MICROBIOTA OF A DESMINOPATHY T341P PATIENT

Background. A rare muscular disease, desminopathy, is caused by mutations in the DES gene. At present, information about changes in the microbiota of biological media present in such patients is very scarce.&#x0D; Purpose. The aim of the study is to study changes in the saliva and feces microbiota of patients with desminopathy T341P in a heterozygous state.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The retrospective investigation comprised observation of the observation of a proband with the family form of desminopathy T341P. 56 clinically significant microorganisms were numerically analyzed immediately in the obtained biological material by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method.&#x0D; Results. The emergence of Epstein-Barr viruses, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes spp and gram-negative rods was noted in the proband’s biological media under investigation during the desminopathy progression. Excessive bacterial growth of fecal microbiota was observed along with a decrease in saliva microorganisms. There is an excess of the norm in the total number of microorganisms and an increase in their species diversity. Propionibacterium jensenii, Eubacterium spp and Eggerthella lenta predominated in the feces and Clostridium ramosum – in the saliva. An increase in fecal microbiota transient with Peptostreptococcus anaerobius 18623 dominance was observed along with the emergence and rapid 441-time growth of potentially dangerous bacterium Clostridium difficile. The total level of endotoxin in the proband’s saliva and fecal microbiota increases to exceed the norm in 13.7 and 81.8 times, respectively. At the same time, a low level of plasmalogen was noted.&#x0D; Conclusion. The investigation results can be useful for developing complex intervention tactics.

Influence of changes in the human intestinal microbiota on slowing the wound process in overweight persons

Overweight and imbalance of the intestinal microbiota are risk factors for disruption of reparative processes during the healing of postoperative wounds. Given the scale of the obesity epidemic in the modern world, the number of overweight patients undergoing surgery for various reasons is also increasing. Potentiation of the risk of a delayed and complicated course of the wound process with a combination of obesity and disturbances in the composition of the intestinal microbiota determines the relevance of this study. Purpose of the study : to study the composition of the intestinal microbiota in patients with overweight and obesity, who have a slowdown in the course of the wound process and the development of complications in the postoperative period. Material and methods . The composition of the intestinal parietal microbiota was studied by microbial markers in the blood using gas chromatography in 49 overweight women who underwent planned surgical interventions for aesthetic indications aimed at correcting body contours from 2019 to 2020. After surgery, women were followed up for 6 months, assessing the timing of wound healing. A comparative analysis of the composition of the intestinal microbiota was carried out in different courses of the wound process, the prognostic significance of individual indicators of the intestinal microbiota was studied in relation to the risk of delayed and complicated wound healing. Results . In the postoperative period, three groups were formed: 1st − complicated wound process (n = 21), 2nd − slow wound process 16 (n = 16), 3rd − standard wound process (n = 12). There were statistically significant differences between the 1st and 2nd groups in terms of “ Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (Gr 1) ≥ 562.0 · 105 cells/g”, p = 0.025) and “ Propionibacterium ≥3.2 · 105 cells/g”, p = 0.0136). Differences were found between the 1st and 3rd groups in terms of “Endotoxin ≥0.7 nmol/ml”, p = 0.051). The highest risk of complicated and delayed postoperative wound healing is observed when the value of the indicators « Propionibacterium ≥32.0 · 105 cells/g”, “ Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (Gr 1) ≥7.0 · 105 cells/g” and “Endotoxin ≥0.7 nmol/ml”. On the basis of the decision tree method, 4 risk classes of a delayed and complicated course of the wound process were identified. The highest risk is in patients with a combination of factors “ Propionibacterium ≥ 3.2 · 105 cells/g” and “Endotoxin ≥ 0.7 nmol/ml”. Conclusion . A number of indicators of intestinal microbiota have a high prognostic value in relation to the risk of developing a complicated and delayed course of the wound process in overweight individuals. The data obtained can be used to predict unfavorable healing of surgical wounds.

Prediction of the Complicated Wound Process in Overweight Patients Depending on the Composition of the Intestinal Microbiota

Introduction. Overweight and imbalance of the intestinal microbiota are risk factors for disruption of reparative processes during the postoperative wound healing. Given the scale of the obesity epidemic in the modern world, the number of overweight patients undergoing surgery for various reasons is also increasing. The potentiation of the risk of a delayed and complicated course of the wound process combined with obesity and violated composition of the intestinal microbiota determines the relevance of this study.The aim of the study was to investigate the composition of the intestinal microbiota in patients with increased body weight, with long-term non-healing and complicated surgical wounds.Methods. The composition of the parietal intestinal microbiota was studied by microbial markers in the blood using gas chromatography in 49 overweight women who underwent planned surgical interventions for aesthetic indications in the period from 2019 to 2020, aimed at correcting body contours. After the operation, women were observed for 6 months, with assessment of the timing of wound healing. We carried out a comparative analysis of the composition of the intestinal microbiota in the different course of the wound process, studied the prognostic significance of individual parameters of the intestinal microbiota in relation to the risk of delayed and complicated wound healing.Results. In the postoperative period, all patients were divided into three groups: group 1 - complicated wound process (n=21), group 2 - delayed wound process 16 (n=16), group 3 - conventional wound process (n=12). Statistically significant differences were found between groups 1 and 2 in terms of "Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (Gr 1) 562.0" (621.76962.03 versus 101.75371.90, respectively, p=0.025) and "Propionibacterium 3.2" (77.57 48.57 vs. 40.44 38.15, respectively, p=0.014). Differences were found between groups 1 and 3 in terms of Endotoxin 0.7 (0.730.58 nmol/ml versus 0.860.48 nmol/ml, respectively, p=0.051). The most risk of the complicated and delayed postoperative wound healing is observed when the values of the parameters were "Propionibacterium 32.0", "Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (Gr 1) 7.0" and "Endotoxin 0.7". Based on the decision tree analysis, 4 risk classes of delayed and complicated course of the wound process were identified. Patients with a combination of Propionibacterium 3.2 and Endotoxin 0.7 had the highest risk.Conclusion. A number of parameters of the intestinal microbiota have a high prognostic value regarding the risk of developing a complicated and delayed course of the wound process in overweight individuals. The data obtained can be used to predict unfavorable healing of surgical wounds. Further research is needed in this area on a larger sample of patients, including males.

Tissue-resident Lachnospiraceae family bacteria protect against colorectal carcinogenesis by promoting tumor immune surveillance

The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. However, the effect of tissue-resident commensal bacteria on CRC immune surveillance remains poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the intratissue bacteria from CRC patient colon tissues. We found that the commensal bacteria belonging to the Lachnospiraceae family, including Ruminococcus gnavus (Rg), Blautia producta (Bp), and Dorea formicigenerans (Df), were enriched in normal tissues, while Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (Pa) were abundant in tumor tissues. Tissue-resident Rg and Bp reduced colon tumor growth and promoted the activation of CD8+ Tcells in immunocompetent mice. Mechanistically, intratissue Rg and Bp degraded lyso-glycerophospholipids that inhibited CD8+ Tcell activity and maintained the immune surveillance function of CD8+ Tcells. Lyso-glycerophospholipids alone promoted tumor growth that was abrogated with Rg and Bp injection. Collectively, intratissue Lachnospiraceae family bacteria facilitate the immune surveillance function of CD8+ Tcells and control colorectal cancer progression.

Inflammatory profiles, gut microbiome, and kidney function are impacted after high-fidelity firefighter training.

Firefighters are frequently exposed to high temperatures, environmental toxicants, and strenuous physical demands. The health impacts of these occupational exposures on processes including inflammation and kidney function as well as on the gut microbiota are poorly understood. A firefighter training course may provide a controlled environment to assess these health risks. Basic health measures, stool, and blood samples were obtained from 24 firefighters participating in a one-week, heat-intensive training course. Indicators of inflammation, gut permeability, kidney health, and stool microbiota composition were measured before and after the training course in 18 participants. Urine specific gravity was measured before and after a heat-intensive training day to evaluate dehydration. The majority of firefighters in this cohort were categorized as hypertensive and experienced multiple heat-related illness symptoms during the training week and dehydration after the heat-intensive training day. While plasma IL-1β, CXCL8, and NGAL decreased over the training week, other indicators of inflammation and acute kidney injury increased, and estimated kidney function declined. Microbiota composition shifted over the course of the training week, with changes in Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Streptococcus. This pilot study conducted in a controlled field setting suggests that the occupational environment of firefighters may increase their risk for systemic inflammation and kidney disease.