Understanding Of People Research Articles

TERAPI INHALASI SEDERHANA MENGGUNAKAN MINYAK KAYU PUTIH PADA PASIEN ISPA

ARIs is an infectious disease of the upper or lower respiratory tract that can cause a variety of illnesses ranging from mild infections to severe, life-threatening illnesses, depending on the causative pathogen. Deaths due to ARIs were 10 to 50 times more common in developing countries than in developed countries. The aim of this research was to find out whether simple inhalation therapy using eucalyptus oil can prevent acute respiratory infections. In this research, researchers used descriptive methods. The descriptive method is a method for describing the current situation of objects and based on phenomena and as it is without manipulation and the researcher analyzes the phenomenon. This research used a case study method and carries out a series of one group pretest-posttest designs. The results showed differences before and after administering simple inhalation therapy using eucalyptus oil and there were significant differences in people's understanding and knowledge regarding acute respiratory infections after carrying out the pre-test and post-test. The conclusion of this study was that giving simple inhalation therapy using eucalyptus oil can prevent symptoms of acute respiratory infections.

Animal Welfare Perspectives Against the Backdrop of Animal Cruelty in Nigeria

Knowledge is crucial for improving animal welfare. People's perceptions, attitudes, and understanding may be a hindrance to adopting animal welfare-improving ideas which is crucial for developing effective animal welfare policies and advocacy in Nigeria. This study evaluates the current knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of animal welfare among Nigerian residents. A cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire distributed via emails, social media platforms, and by personal contact. The survey collected data from 694 respondents across the 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria over 6 months (November 2023 and June 2024). Descriptive statistics, reliability testing, and inferential statistical tests were performed using SPSS for windows. The result revealed that majority (60-87.3%) of the respondents had a good knowledge of what constitutes cruelty to animals. Also, 88.8% were aware that animals have right to freedoms that could enhance their welfare, and 96.1% agreed that freedom from hunger and thirst is reasonable for animals. The standard deviations were relatively low, suggesting consistent responses among participants. Respondents (87.3%) also supported the enforcement of animal cruelty laws and the enactment of comprehensive animal welfare laws in Nigeria. The high knowledge scores among Nigerian residents suggest a strong foundational understanding of animal welfare principles. It is recommended that despite the result continual advocacy and policy development are still necessary to shape the public attitudes, and perceptions to animal.

Intertwined precariousness and precarity: Disentangling a phenomenon that characterises Spanish youth

AbstractThe growth of non‐standard employment has emerged as a crucial factor that contributes to delays and difficulties in young people's transitions to adulthood. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of multidimensional measures of precariousness. This paper aims to investigate the phenomenon of precariousness holistically, using an original database of respondents in Spain from 20 to 34 years of age. Using a mixed‐methods approach, we explore young people's understandings of precariousness and examine its key determinants and consequences. The findings illustrate the multidimensional nature of feelings of precariousness, with economic insecurity and work conditions being core elements. Our results point to precarity stemming from a combination of inextricably intertwined objective and subjective components, as well as work and economic dimensions.

SEMANTIC SPACE OF YOUTH AS A FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF LIFE COMPETENCE IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR

The study aims to define the semantic fields of the "life competence" concept and clarify the nature of the relationship between understanding this concept and the setting of life tasks by young people in war. The goal was achieved by solving the following tasks in turn: clarifying the etymology of the "life competence" concept and its content and structural components as semantic fields of understanding this concept in everyday and scientific contexts; studying the semantic space of understanding life competence by young people in war conditions; determining the impact of the peculiarities of understanding the "life competence" concept by young people on their life tasks. The tasks were solved with the help of theoretical (theoretical and methodological analysis, comparison and generalization of results), empirical (semantic differential method, narrative survey method), and mathematical (factor and correlation analyses) methods. The conducted theoretical and empirical research has shown a sufficient cognitive complexity of the "life competence" concept young people's understanding and concepts closely related to it: "life experience", "life task", "difficult life situation", as well as the closeness of semantics to scientific contexts. It has been found that the semantic fields of these concepts are in close direct relationship, which are logically interpreted in the context of everyday thinking and modern psychological science. Defined positive correlations of the criteria for understanding the "life competence" concept by young people with the life tasks that young people set during the war: development, education, family mutual assistance, helping others, solving problems of material support, preserving psychological health, which allowed us to characterize the features of young people semantic space by their life tasks priorities Keywords: life competence, semantic space, difficult life situation, life experience, life task, war, youth

Talk‐LD and Talk‐LD+: A pilot trial of school‐based interventions to challenge discrimination and promote inclusion

AbstractTo counteract stigma and discrimination a series of five lessons Talk about Learning Disability (Talk‐LD) to promote young people's understanding and acceptance of people with intellectual disabilities were developed for the Scottish secondary school curriculum. This study examined the feasibility of carrying out a randomised control trial comparing the delivery of the lessons alone with the lessons plus an attempt to promote positive contact between participating students and people with intellectual disabilities. The aim was to recruit and randomise 12 schools to receive the lessons alone or the lessons plus contact. The Attitudes Towards Intellectual Disability (ATTID) questionnaire was completed at baseline and a questionnaire about students' understanding of the lesson content was completed at follow‐up alone. Twelve schools were recruited and randomised. The lessons were delivered to 23 classes across the 12 schools. Baseline data were obtained for 480 participants. However, school closures due to COVID‐19 meant that follow‐up data were only obtained from 220 students (six schools) prior to school closures. The attitude measure only detected change in one ATTID scale, indicating students may be more willing to interact with a person with intellectual disabilities post intervention. Three of the six schools randomised to the lessons plus contact group had plans in place for joint activities between students and young people with an intellectual disability. Despite the disruption caused by the Covid pandemic, the findings were encouraging in relation to future research on the Talk‐LD lessons. The schools also engaged positively with the process of promoting positive contact with young people with an intellectual disability.

Community Perception on Rabies Prevention and Control Among the General Population in Puducherry: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Rabies, a deadly viral disease transmitted through animal bites, poses a significant public health challenge in many regions, including Puducherry. Effective prevention and control rely heavily on community awareness and perception. Understanding how the general population perceives rabies risk and prevention strategies is crucial for developing targeted public health interventions. Objectives: To describe the sociodemographic profile and to assess community perceptions of rabies prevention and control among the general population in Puducherry. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study, conducted in the rural and urban Puducherry region from October 2023 to December 2023. A total of 200 individuals were chosen from rural and urban Puducherry regions using a systematic random sampling technique. Individuals over 18 years of age residing in both rural and urban areas of Puducherry were included in the study. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data and entered in MS Excel 2019. Chi-square test was applied to test the difference in knowledge between urban and rural. Results: The majority of the study participants belonged to the age group of 18-29 years (55%), 152 were males and 48 were females. Most of the participants (99%) heard about Rabies and their source of knowledge about Rabies was from Doctors (40.5%), Newspapers & Media (39.5%), and Friends (19.0%). Approximately 82.5% of participants were aware of how rabies is transmitted, while 78.5% understood the signs of the disease. Conclusion: Education plays a significant role in the awareness of rabies as most participants were educated at least up to the primary level in the current study. According to our findings, clear gaps exist in rural people's understanding and attitudes toward rabies prevention and control.

Interpretability research of deep learning: A literature survey

Deep learning (DL) has been widely used in various fields. However, its black-box nature limits people's understanding and trust in its decision-making process. Therefore, it becomes crucial to research the DL interpretability, which can elucidate the model's decision-making processes and behaviors. This review provides an overview of the current status of interpretability research. First, the DL's typical models, principles, and applications are introduced. Then, the definition and significance of interpretability are clarified. Subsequently, some typical interpretability algorithms are introduced into four groups: active, passive, supplementary, and integrated explanations. After that, several evaluation indicators for interpretability are briefly described, and the relationship between interpretability and model performance is explored. Next, the specific applications of some interpretability methods/models in actual scenarios are introduced. Finally, the interpretability research challenges and future development directions are discussed.

THE TRAINING OF TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM WITH LM35 SENSOR BASED ON RESBEERY PI

Abstract. This community service activity aims to train the community on developing and implementing a temperature monitoring system using the LM35 sensor integrated with Raspberry Pi. This training was carried out to improve people's understanding and skills, especially in utilizing microcontroller-based technology and IoT (Internet of Things) in daily life, especially in the field of room temperature or environmental monitoring. This activity involves targets, for example, teachers, students, and technicians, at SMA AL-IRSYAD TEGAL, with training methods that include basic theories about temperature sensors, introduction to Raspberry Pi, and hands-on practice in assembling and programming temperature monitoring systems. The results of this training showed that participants could understand the basic concepts of temperature monitoring systems and could apply the knowledge gained in making simple devices that can measure and display temperature in real time. The activity evaluation showed that most of the participants felt helped by this training and showed high interest in further developing the system that had been studied. In the future, it is hoped that similar activities can continue to be carried out to empower the community to utilize technology for daily needs. Keywords: Community service, temperature monitoring system, LM35, Raspberry Pi, technology training.

Just a drop in the ocean? How lay beliefs about the world influence efficacy, perceptions, and intentions regarding pro-environmental behavior

Climate change is a large-scale problem that might leave people paralyzed by feeling too small to make a difference. Indeed, low response efficacy has been shown to be related to low pro-environmental behavior. There have been some attempts to increase people's efficacy. However, these have often been less successful than hoped. In the present research, we suggest that response efficacy is informed by people's more fundamental understanding of how the world functions (i.e., their lay beliefs about the world): whether they think the world is changeable or fixed. In three online experiments (on samples from Austria and the USA) we manipulated participants' lay beliefs about the world and measured their response efficacy and different indicators of intentions and perceptions related to pro-environmental behavior (such as climate change belief, perceiving norms as changing and feelings of working together in pro-environmental behavior). People who were led to adopt the belief that the world is changeable (i.e., an incremental belief) reported higher response efficacy regarding climate change. There was also some indication that they had stronger pro-environmental intentions, felt more like working together with others when engaging in pro-environmental behavior, and perceived norms around pro-environmental behavior as more dynamic. These results indicate that people's global understanding of the world plays a role in how they view and tackle large-scale social problems such as climate change. Supporting an incremental belief might foster an agentic approach to such problems and promote social change.

Collective Identity and Ethical Dilemmas Among College Students in Chinese Anonymous Online Communities: Sensory Stimulation and Media Effects of Online Exposure Discourse

This paper explores the dynamics of viral social media exposure posts within anonymous online communities in China, specifically concentrating on college students. Based on theories of effervescence and collective frenzy, this research probes into the emotional triggers and functions of group polarization and social identity reconstruction in the digital sphere. Adopting a mixed-methods approach that integrates semi-structured interviews and surveys, it evaluates participants' interactions with online exposure. The anticipated findings are expected to shed light on how factors like group identity, anonymity, and virality cultivate a carnival-like ambiance in social media exposure. These posts function as instruments for mobilization, provide support for social and political causes, and act as platforms for community building and identity formation. They also offer psychological and emotional outlets, aiding users in processing and expressing personal and societal grievances. The paper aims to deepen people's understanding of how digital interactions influence collective identities and social behaviors.

Increasing citizen engagement in sustainable architecture using augmented reality: A pilot study

Sustainability processes aim to include citizens as it is their behaviour and use of the cities that will play a pivotal role in achieving sustainable communities. Yet, active participation of citizens can be challenging, mostly due to lack of information about the topic. Augmented Reality (AR) has been identified as a useful tool to provide information to people, yet it is unclear whether its use can contribute to achieve citizen engagement in sustainability. The present study explores whether the use of AR can increase people's understanding of sustainable architecture topics, thus increasing their interest and engagement. An experimental pilot study was designed, using a self-developed AR application (app). The AR app presented information on how different façade materials of a Sports Hall building in Oslo might impact the CO2-emissions. Two aspects were evaluated in the study: the technical aspect (related to the use of the AR tool), and the sustainability aspects (related to the users' engagement in sustainable architecture). Both aspects were evaluated via subjective assessments (i.e. how user-friendly, useful, realistic and satisfactory the app is evaluated for the technical aspects, and how users understand, get interested and engaged in sustainability aspects). In addition, possible effects of reported gender and professional background (experts vs non-experts) on the subjective evaluations were evaluated. The pilot study included 27 participants, who evaluated the AR tool using a Likert-scale to rate both the technical and the sustainability aspects. The statistical results showed that there were no significant differences between males and females or between experts and non-experts in the technical evaluation of the AR tool nor the evaluation of environmental interest. The results also showed positive correlations between the positive technical experience of the AR tool with the increment of understanding, engagement and interest of the users in sustainability. The findings show advancement in understanding the potential of the use of AR as a practical tool for increasing users' interest and engaging them into the creation of more sustainable communities.

Sundanese Creed of Shahadah: The Relationship between Sundanese Teachings, Culture, and Religion

This writing is to find out the creeds have developed in Sundanese society and the dialectical implications of Islam and local culture of this Mantra Creed in Sundanese social and religious life. Meanwhile, the method used is a type of qualitative research or qualitative method of inquiry, namely an in-depth study using data collection techniques directly from people in their natural environment. According to Bogdan and Taylor, qualitative methods are research procedures that produce descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words from people and observable behavior. The results of the research found several things, including: First, the shahada in Sundanese society has a broader scope than just aspects of Islam, involving various types of shahada in Sundanese with the aim of incantations for supernatural powers or fulfilling immediate needs, showing circumvention of Islamic law but recognizing Islam as a spiritual teaching. Second, Sundanese people's understanding of the Mantra Creed varies, revealed through analysis of the texts of the Sundanese creed, the Sri Sedana pantun, and the Sundanese version of Martabat Tujuh. Although many people know the text of the Sundanese shahada, only a few understand it in depth. The belief that Sundanese people were already Muslim before the arrival of Islam is confirmed through Pantun Sri Sedana, reflecting acculturation between Sundanese and Islamic teachings. Third, the dialectical implications of Islam and local culture from the shahadah mantra in Sundanese social and religious life include three aspects of Islamic teachings and Sundanese belief system.

Can family structure and contact with natural resources influence young people’s knowledge about medicinal plants? An approach in the Northeast of Brazil

BackgroundIndividuals develop crucial survival knowledge in the juvenile phase, including understanding medicinal plants. The family context or contact with resources can influence this dynamic knowledge. By investigating the influence of these factors on young people's understanding of medicinal plants, we aimed to enhance our understanding of the knowledge-building process.MethodsThe study was conducted in three communities in the State of Alagoas, Brazil: Lagoa do Junco, Serrote do Amparo, and Brivaldo de Medeiros. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with young people aged between 11 and 19 to assess their knowledge of medicinal plants. We used a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with the number of therapeutic targets and known medicinal species (knowledge proxy) as response variables. As predictors, we included the number of individuals per family unit and the gender distribution within the famimunícpily (family context proxy), as well as dependence on the use (contact proxy). Location (city) was added as a fixed effect to the model. We investigated how knowledge of medicinal plants correlates with the practice of collecting these species.ResultsWe did not identify a relationship between the number of individuals per household, gender distribution within the family, and the frequency of medicinal plant use with knowledge about these species. However, we observed a positive, albeit weak, correlation between knowledge of medicinal species and the number of species collected.ConclusionThese results highlight the importance of investigating how young people acquire knowledge about medicinal plants, emphasizing the complex interactions between humans and nature, and providing a basis for future research.

Strain tunable electronic, optical, and photovoltaic properties of monolayer β2-SrX2Y4 (X = Al, Ga, In, Y = S, Se)

In recent years, the experimentally synthesized two-dimensional material MoSi2N4, known for its excellent mechanical strength and environmental stability, has attracted significant attention as a representative of the MA2Z4 family. However, people's understanding of some MA2Z4 materials is still limited. In this study, we systematically investigated the properties of monolayer β2-SrX2Y4 (X=Al, Ga, In; Y=S, Se) with a seven-layer atomic configuration using first-principles calculations, focusing on their response to external strain engineering. Our results demonstrate that monolayer β2-SrX2Y4 exhibits characteristics of a direct bandgap semiconductor, and the majority of these materials retain these characteristics under applied strain. However, an unexpected transition from a direct bandgap to an indirect bandgap was observed in monolayer β2-SrAl2S4 under strain. Moreover, as strain changes from compressive to tensile, the imaginary part peak of the dielectric function for most β2-SrX2Y4 materials shifted towards lower energies (redshifted). Notably, in their pristine structures, only β2-SrAl2S4 and β2-SrAl2Se4 can facilitate water splitting by crossing the oxidation and reduction potentials of water. By applying strain, we successfully enabled β2-SrGa2S4 and β2-SrIn2S4 to possess the capability to drive water oxidation–reduction reactions. Furthermore, we calculated the second-order elastic constants and analyzed the Grüneisen parameter and thermal expansion coefficient based on the fitted energy density and strain relationships. This study highlights the potential applications of β2-SrX2Y4 in photocatalysis and optoelectronic devices and provides valuable insights for implementing biaxial strain in two-dimensional materials.

Discursive Patinas: Anchoring Discussions in Data Visualizations.

This paper presents discursive patinas, a technique to visualize discussions onto data visualizations, inspired by how people leave traces in the physical world. While data visualizations are widely discussed in online communities and social media, comments tend to be displayed separately from the visualization and we lack ways to relate these discussions back to the content of the visualization, e.g., to situate comments, explain visual patterns, or question assumptions. In our visualization annotation interface, users can designate areas within the visualization. Discursive patinas are made of overlaid visual marks (anchors), attached to textual comments with category labels, likes, and replies. By coloring and styling the anchors, a meta visualization emerges, showing what and where people comment and annotate the visualization. These patinas show regions of heavy discussions, recent commenting activity, and the distribution of questions, suggestions, or personal stories. We ran workshops with 90 students, domain experts, and visualization researchers to study how people use anchors to discuss visualizations and how patinas influence people's understanding of the discussion. Our results show that discursive patinas improve the ability to navigate discussions and guide people to comments that help understand, contextualize, or scrutinize the visualization. We discuss the potential of anchors and patinas to support discursive engagements, including critical readings of visualizations, design feedback, and feminist approaches to data visualization.

Renewal strategies of industrial heritage based on placeness theory: The case of Guangzhou, China

Studying the preservation and reuse of industrial heritage can improve people's knowledge and understanding of cultural heritage, thus deepening their sense of identity and belonging to the local culture. This study applies the theory of placeness to protect industrial architectural heritage, promote the organic revitalization of urban space, enhance local identity, and realize the visualization of tacit knowledge. Based on the theory of placeness, this study constructs an indicator system for industrial architectural heritage renewal strategy. The indicator system includes four primary indicators, namely State of Matter, Policy System, Behavior and Spirit, and 23 secondary indicators. Exploratory factor analysis is carried out using the post-evaluation (POE) method. This study concludes that (1) there are seven strategy combinations for industrial heritage renewal, including artistic expression, landscape and space, humanistic connotation, industrial building, history and culture, architectural features, and construction skills. The combination of strategies can enhance the locality and architectural originality. (2) The strategy combinations can be used in the design, construction, and operation stages of the whole life cycle and have been empirically demonstrated in typical projects in Guangzhou. Building Construction Atlas, Climatic Suitability, Building History/People, and Industrial Equipment have a higher contribution to the renewal effect of industrial buildings. (3) The 23 renewal strategy elements based on placeness provide new ideas for coding methods of historic buildings and modeling of historic building information model (HBIM). These strategy elements can be used to construct a knowledge graph of historic buildings and visualize tacit knowledge to promote sustainable construction and twin city construction.

Concept Maps to Assess System Understanding: Are Graphical Explanations More Accurate than Verbal Ones?

Solving problems in a technical system usually requires people to understand its functioning on different levels of abstraction (i.e., goals, functions, components, characteristics) that are connected via means-ends links. We combined this abstraction hierarchy with concept mapping to assess people's understanding of system functioning. The present study examines the benefits and drawbacks of the proposed method by comparing it to a viable alternative, namely verbal explanation. Using a set of pre-defined concepts, twenty-four participants explained the functioning of two everyday systems: one graphically by constructing a concept map and one verbally. The verbal explanations were subsequently transformed into concept maps by the authors. Compared to verbal explanations, participant-constructed concept maps contained a higher proportion of functional propositions, and lower proportions of structural, temporal, general, and other propositions. Contrary to our expectations, there was no difference regarding the accuracy of functional propositions. Even though participants needed far less time to explain system functioning verbally, our results indicate that concept mapping is better suited to assess functional system understanding. We discuss how this benefit relates to the cognitive processes during concept mapping, and how the method needs to be adapted to assess functional understanding of more complex systems.

Aplikasi Pengenalan Rumah Adat Berbasis Augmented Reality Pada Perangkat Mobile Android

Indonesia has an extraordinary cultural wealth, including various traditional houses reflecting history and values. However, people's understanding of conventional houses is often limited. Factors such as the availability of introductory media and changes in people's mindsets have caused reduced interest and attention to traditional cultural heritage, including traditional houses. Augmented Reality (AR) technology has emerged as an innovative solution to facing this challenge. This research develops an AR-based traditional house introduction application on the Android platform, with the addition of interactive features such as quizzes and puzzles. The research results show that this application can increase people's understanding and interest in Indonesia's cultural heritage. Functionality testing on the Poco F5 and Samsung A50 devices shows valid results, meaning the test is reliable and can provide an accurate picture. Meanwhile, feasibility testing with 7 Yogyakarta Technology University students showed varying responses, but the majority positively assessed this application. By utilizing AR technology, this application can be an essential first step in maintaining and promoting Indonesia's cultural diversity in the digital era.

Effects of educational attainment on comorbidity of pain and depression in Chinese older adults

Pain and depression comorbidity (PD) among older adults in China is common and significantly affects their physical and mental health. The psychosocial factors may affect people's feelings, understanding and expression of pain and depression, leading to inaccurate assessment of this condition. Educational attainment is thought to be associated with either pain or depression. However, we do not yet know the relationship between educational attainment and PD. Using data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2018, we analyzed various variables in 7742 individuals aged 60 years and older. Our results indicate significant differences between the PD and non-PD populations in terms of social, lifestyle, and behavioral factors. We observed a significant decrease in the incidence of PD among older adults with higher levels of education (p < 0.001). This association appears to be partially mediated by cognitive ability, suggesting that educational attainment may mitigate the risk of PD through cognitive enhancement. In addition, our analysis shows that the effect of educational attainment on PD is moderated by additional psychosocial factors, including living environment and alcohol consumption patterns. Older adults with higher levels of education tend to live in urban areas and have better control over alcohol consumption, which may contribute to a lower incidence of PD. Therefore, interventions aimed at enhancing cognitive abilities, improving living environments, and promoting healthier lifestyles and habits among older adults could potentially reduce their burden of PD.

Survey on Eczema; Its Perceptions and Characterization

Eczema (atopic dermatitis) is a common inflammatory skin disease. It causes physical discomfort and also cause stress due to constant itching, which in the end leads to painful wounds. It can be triggered by environmental, genetic, stress, and anxiety factors. The symptoms of eczema are similar to other skin disorders. In some cases, incorrect diagnosis results in the administration of medication for other skin disorders. Objectives: To understand the patients’ knowledge about the disease and to create a sense of awareness for them. Methods: We prepared a questionnaire to get sense of people's understanding about eczema and surveyed students at Punjab University as well as we collected data with help of online google forms. There were 103 responses from people of both genders, age ranges from 20 to 35 years, and different educational backgrounds. Results: Most of the people think they understand what eczema is, but they have confused it with other skin conditions. According to the responses, sudden change in surroundings is the most triggering factor in causing eczema. Only 1% of people think it could be a contact disorder and can be triggered by pets and refined carbs. The most challenging weather for eczema is winter and the time is night. Conclusions: it was concluded that eczema is a really disturbing disease. This disorder is incurable yet. However, with proper care, timely treatment, and by taking preventive measures, can prevent to flare-up.