People Skills Research Articles

Perceptions and experiences of a multi-domain preventive health programme: a qualitative study informing future community-based health interventions in singapore

BackgroundDespite global popularity, Community-based Health Intervention (CBHI) programmes have yet to be fully incorporated into Singapore’s public healthcare systems, with most initiatives focusing on specific diseases. This qualitative study aimed to evaluate older adults’ perceptions of the “Get Well, Live Well” multi-domain preventive health programme, explore the effectiveness of Community Health Workers (CHWs) in promoting health literacy and modifying health behaviours, and examine participants’ experiences in the CHW-delivered CBHI programme.MethodsPurposeful sampling was used to recruit study subjects from participants in the “Get Well, Live Well” programme until data saturation was achieved. In-depth, semi-structured, one-to-one telephone interviews were conducted in English or Chinese with participants aged ≥ 40 years. Audio recordings were translated into English as needed and transcribed in full. The collected data were anonymised, and thematic analysis was performed by three trained evaluators using a structured process.ResultsThe final study sample included 19 subjects (median age of 64 years; 84% women; and 95% Chinese). Three key themes emerged regarding the programme’s value, interactions with CHW, also known as Care Connectors, and their facilitation of health services/behaviours. Participants acknowledged that the “Get Well, Live Well” programme provided physical/emotional support, improved health literacy, and enhanced social interaction. The programme’s effectiveness may depend on Care Connector’s personal qualities, service quality beyond expectation, connection with participants, and their proactive and authoritative roles in facilitating health services/behaviours.ConclusionThe findings suggest that future Community-based Health Interventions could benefit from deploying CHWs with strong people skills to enhance the programme’s success.

The influence of the social environment on the development of critical thinking skills in young people: A study in the city of Durres, Albania

Critical thinking is an essential skill for individuals, especially young people, enabling them to analyze and evaluate information to make informed decisions. Young people who are able to make informed decisions have the opportunity to improve their future and contribute to a better society. In Albania, the level of development of young people's critical thinking skills, according to the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), is very low. In this context, this work aims to explore the social environments that influence the development of critical thinking in young people. The study employed quantitative and qualitative approaches, as well as an analysis of secondary data extracted from similar studies. The quantitative method consists of the analysis of a questionnaire that was completed by 260 young people from 15–30 years of age. The study data show that schools, society, and social media play a very important role in the development of young people's critical thinking skills. The data confirmed that the socioeconomic status of families influences critical thinking abilities. This highlights the importance of supporting young people from all walks of life to ensure that they all have the opportunity to develop critical thinking, regardless of social background. The findings of this study are important for understanding and fostering the development of critical thinking skills in young people. This research supports teachers, parents, policymakers, researchers, and others in their efforts.

Exploring Current Challenges and Opportunities in Media Literacy Skills for Youth: Stakeholders’ Perspectives

The widespread dissemination of contradictory information through various media platforms can increase anxiety and confusion among younger generations. This highlights the need to promote Media Literacy (ML) skills, enabling them to evaluate online information's validity critically. Video game-based learning can be valuable in this context, fostering active learning and critical thinking. Therefore, developing and sharing innovative resources like interactive content and video games is crucial to enhancing young people's ML skills and resilience to disinformation. The YO-MEDIA project, involving three universities in Italy, Portugal, and Spain and a journalist association, aims to develop ML in young people during times of crisis (e.g., pandemics and wars) through game-based learning strategies and professional training. The project carried out 29 semi-structured interviews in the partner countries with various stakeholders to understand perspectives on media design practices and ML formulation for young people in crises. These interviews aimed to collect education and media professionals' insights on promoting ML and critical thinking among youth during crises. It also seeks to gather best practices and understand these professionals' challenges when fostering ML among youth. This study's findings suggest that the interviewees deem ML vital for distinguishing accurate information from misinformation during crises, especially relevant for young individuals. Essential skills for these young people include critical thinking, filtering information, and recognizing online threats. Effective strategies involve operating within digital environments frequented by young people, encouraging critical thinking, and nurturing collaboration. Professionals face challenges such as a lack of training, engaging young people's attention, and keeping pace with digital environments. The interviewees also emphasized the importance of ML training for informal educators and media professionals. They recommended Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) for their flexibility and accessibility. According to the interviewees, an ML game should involve research, interpretation, and decision-making processes and be accessible to young people with disabilities. They identified several ML projects and resources, including multimedia labs, youth parliaments, and critical thinking tools. This study contributes to developing games that promote critical thinking and ML in young people. It also aids in establishing ongoing professional training in ML for informal educators, teachers, media professionals, and other stakeholders.

Impact of LEGO® Based Therapy on Skills Development and Quality of Life in People with Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

This research sets out to evaluate the impact of LEGO® Based Therapy on the development of skills and quality of life for people with neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as for those close to them. Widely used in the United States and the United Kingdom for almost 20 years, LEGO® Based Therapy was developed by Daniel Le Goff, psychologist licensed in Florida and New Jersey who has practiced for over 20 years with children, adolescents and adults with developmental disabilities, including autism, Asperger's syndrome and congenital disabilities, as well as acquired and traumatic brain injuries. Daniel Le Goff has extensive experience as a consultant and expert witness, as well as in direct clinical services, including applied behaviour analysis, cognitive behaviour therapy and cognitive rehabilitation. In 2008, Gina Gómez de la Cuesta completed her PhD at the Centre for Autism Research at the University of Cambridge, where she led and evaluated LEGO®® Based Therapy under the supervision of Daniel LEGO®ff, Simon Baron-Cohen and Ayla Humphrey. She is a teacher and psychologist by training and has worked at the National Autistic Society as Head of Action Research. She founded Play Included in 2018, with support from the Cambridge Social Ventures incubator programme, University of Cambridge to support children's development through play and promote LEGO®Therapy. Initially designed to improve the social skills of people with autism spectrum disorders but no intellectual disabilities, its effectiveness has been demonstrated by studies targeting this specific population. However, no research has yet been carried out in France on its application to a wider population, including various forms of neurodevelopmental disorder. Furthermore, existing studies have not considered the impact on the quality of life of beneficiaries and their families, which this thesis sets out to examine.

THE TRAINING OF TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM WITH LM35 SENSOR BASED ON RESBEERY PI

Abstract. This community service activity aims to train the community on developing and implementing a temperature monitoring system using the LM35 sensor integrated with Raspberry Pi. This training was carried out to improve people's understanding and skills, especially in utilizing microcontroller-based technology and IoT (Internet of Things) in daily life, especially in the field of room temperature or environmental monitoring. This activity involves targets, for example, teachers, students, and technicians, at SMA AL-IRSYAD TEGAL, with training methods that include basic theories about temperature sensors, introduction to Raspberry Pi, and hands-on practice in assembling and programming temperature monitoring systems. The results of this training showed that participants could understand the basic concepts of temperature monitoring systems and could apply the knowledge gained in making simple devices that can measure and display temperature in real time. The activity evaluation showed that most of the participants felt helped by this training and showed high interest in further developing the system that had been studied. In the future, it is hoped that similar activities can continue to be carried out to empower the community to utilize technology for daily needs. Keywords: Community service, temperature monitoring system, LM35, Raspberry Pi, technology training.

Pelatihan Pengurusan Jenazah (Tajhiz Al-Mayyit) Kepada Masyarakat Desa Binaan Universitas Malikussaleh

This service activity was carried out in the assisted villages of Malikussaleh University, namely Aceh Utara Regency (Payah Gaboh, Reuleut Timu, Reuleut Barat, and Cot Keumuneng Villages), Lhokseumawe City (Blang Pulo, Padang Sakti, Uteun Kot and Lancang Garam Villages). The funeral management training activity (Tajhiz Al-Mayyit) aims to provide education and practice to the community in terms of proper funeral management and following Islamic law. This activity was motivated by several partner problems, namely Lack of knowledge of partners (community) regarding Funeral Management and partners need training in the form of education and assistance to improve skills regarding Funeral Management. The method of implementing the activity consists of 2 stages, namely socialization; in the form of education on funeral management as fardhu kifayah. Workshop in the form of the practice of Funeral Management. This training activity was attended by representatives of each village appointed by their respective villages. The results of this activity can increase people's knowledge and skills regarding the Tajhiz Mayyit process.

Peer-led self-advocacy for people with intellectual disability through the lens of “freedom through encounter”

ABSTRACT Background A peer-led self-advocacy group, Our Voice SA, is used as a case study to explore how the social engagement of people with intellectual disability contributed to their self-advocacy about things that are important to them. Method Secondary analyses of data (interviews, observations and program data) were thematically analysed using Clifford Simplican’s analytical lens of “freedom through encounter”. Results Social engagement encounters in peer-led self-advocacy led to individual and group agency for freedom. The findings explore becoming known, seen, and heard; freedom to express what matters; and unfreedom: silencing self-advocacy. Conclusion A “freedom through encounter” lens is a useful perspective on how people navigate social inclusion to participate and challenge expectations. Allies were critical for overcoming structural, interdependent barriers, and supporting capacity for leadership and rights awareness that helped elevate the confidence and skills of people with intellectual disability to speak up.

Uncovering How Sports Influence Adaptive Behavior in People with Disabilities: Examining Gender and Disability Type

This research aimed to investigate the relationship between sports and improvement of the adaptive behavior of people with disabilities, differences in the effect of sports on the improvement of adaptive behavior of people with disabilities in terms of (sex) variable and differences in the effect of sports on the improvement of adaptive behavior of people with disabilities in terms of (type of disability) variable. To achieve these aims, the researcher used the descriptive approach as well as the questionnaire to investigate the effect of practicing sports on the adaptive behavior skills of people with disabilities. The results of the research showed that there are no statistically significant differences at (0.05) concerning “sports and its effect on the adaptive behavior skills of people with disabilities” in terms of (sex) variable and that there are no statistically significant differences at (0.05) concerning “sports and its effect on the adaptive behavior skills of people with disabilities” in terms of (type of disability) variable. The researcher recommended the necessity of encouraging all people regardless of their sex to participate in the sports activities so as to enhance integration and help in improvement of the adaptive behavior skills of all people with disabilities.

The mediating role of psychological resilience in the effect of strength of religious faith on coping with stress in people with type 2 diabetes: A SEM analysis.

This study was conducted to examine the mediating role of psychological resilience in the effect of strength of religious faith on coping with stress in people with type 2 diabetes. This study has a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. It was conducted with 184 people with type 2 diabetes who were admitted to a family health centre in Erzurum, the east of Turkey. The data were collected by using the 'Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire', 'Brief Resilience Scale (BRS)' and 'Scale of Ways of Coping With Stress (SWCS)'. The study was reported by following the STROBE recommendations. Structural equation modelling and bootstrapping method were used to analyse the data. This study was reported following the STROBE recommendations. In the study, according to the model, the direct effect of strength of religious faith on SWCS (β = 0.564; p < 0.01) and BRS (β = 0.545; p < 0.01) was moderate, positive and significant. In addition, the effect of resilience on coping with stress (β = 0.320; p < 0.01) was also found to be moderate, positive and significant. The total effect of strength of religious faith on coping with stress mediated by resilience (β = 0.738; p < 0.01) was found to be highly positive and significant. The model explains 61.7% of the variance in coping with stress. Fit index values according to the model were found as χ2 = 2368.02, df: 980, χ2/df 2.368, RMSEA 0.088, CFI 0.773, TLI 0.760 and SRMR 0.083. It was found that strength of religious faith had a positive effect on coping with stress in people with type-2 diabetes, and this effect was strengthened by the mediating role of psychological resilience. This study shows the effect of religious belief and psychological resilience in increasing the coping skills of people with type-2 diabetes. Therefore, taking religious beliefs and spirituality into consideration in nursing care may increase patients' coping skills.

Pemanfaatan Olahan Labu Kuning untuk MPASI sebagai Pencegahan Stunting pada Anak Balita

Gunung Mas District, Central Kalimantan Province, has serious concerns about stunting, with prevalence remaining high at both national and local levels. Stunting, as an indication of chronic malnutrition, requires effective interventions to improve this condition. One strategic effort is through the provision of nutritious complementary foods, with pumpkin as a potential local ingredient. Previous studies have shown that pumpkin is high in nutrients and effective in improving the nutritional status of toddlers. Universitas Palangka Raya, through the UPR 2024 Regular KKN Period I team, conducted education in Belawan Mulia Village to increase the local people's knowledge and skills on pumpkin-based complementary feeding. Implementation methods included education to the local people's forum and village institutions, along with the provision of complementary foods. The program results showed that the use of brochures and stickers were effective in spreading the information. The program succeeded in increasing the local people's knowledge, changing their feeding behavior, and contributing to the reduction of stunting and improvement of children's nutritional status.

Immersive virtual reality is more effective than non-immersive devices for developing real-world skills in people with intellectual disability.

People with intellectual disability (ID) demonstrate persistent challenges around developing life skills. Immersive virtual reality (IVR) is gaining interest as a tool for training life skills as it enables individuals to engage in hands-on learning in a safe, controlled and repeatable environment. However, there are concerns about the potential drawbacks of IVR, such as cybersickness and practical challenges with using the equipment, which may hinder its widespread adoption in educational settings. The current study aimed to compare the effectiveness of training in IVR and a non-immersive virtual environment for improving real-world skills in people with ID. In the present study,36 adults (16 female, 20 male) with ID were recruited from a disability organisation. Participants completed a real-world assessment of waste management skills before and after training in either the IVR or non-immersive group. Consistent with our hypotheses, the IVR group scored significantly higher in the real-world assessment after virtual training (d=1), and at the 1-week follow-up (d=1.12), compared with the non-immersive group. Further analyses showed that the IVR group, but not the non-immersive group, significantly improved performance in the real-world assessment across timepoints. The findings indicate that IVR was more effective for improving and retaining real-world waste management skills. This study supports IVR as a viable tool for professionals and caregivers to develop skills for independent living among people with ID.

Real-world occupational therapy interventions for early-stage dementia: Characteristics and contextual barriers.

There is an absence of evidence generated in a UK context to support interventions based on occupational therapists' core skills for people living with early-stage dementia. To inform the development of a programme theory and a future evaluation, this paper aimed to describe real-world (routine) community-based occupational therapy interventions for this population and contextual barriers. Occupational therapy practitioners (n = 21) from five Health Boards in Wales, UK participated in semi-structured interviews (n = 17) which were audio recorded, transcribed, and analysed thematically. The availability of, and access to, real-world community-based interventions was variable, and associated with multilevel contextual barriers (resources, understanding of dementia specialist occupational therapy, professional influence, and evidence base). Where available and accessible, contents comprised a pre-intervention component (relational work, assessment, and goal setting) and intervention component (personalised problem-solving and coping strategies, emotional support, and advice and signposting), to meet needs associated with everyday activities and poor wellbeing. Variation in mode, duration, contents, and who received interventions, was associated with contextual barriers. Findings indicate that the development of an intervention programme theory and future evaluation design, will need to account for the impact context may have on the variability of real-world intervention characteristics, and how this in turn may influence outcomes.

Development of Economic Independence of Persons with Disabilities through Literacy, Education and Marketing Digitalization Practices in Support of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

This community service activity aims to provide solutions that can improve skills for people with disabilities in Yayasan Pendidikan Budi Daya Kasih students as target partners and as proof that academics are present to support Sustainable Development Goals, especially the economic and social empowerment of people with disabilities. The methods used are literacy, pre-test, post-test, and practice of making shops on e-commerce platforms. In general, the results of the marketing digitalization literacy training for students with disabilities at the Budi Daya Kasih Education Foundation have increased the knowledge, skills, and motivation of the Budi Daya Kasih Education Foundation. This is reflected in the increase in pre-test scores with an average of 5.51 increasing to 7.26 in the post-test. In addition, participants successfully created a store account on the Tokopedia platform

Türkçe Dersinin Almanya´Da 2005-2015 Yılları Arasında Doğan Türk Ögrencilerin Türkçe Seviyelerine Etkisi (Buchheım Örneği)

Despite the passage of 60 years, Germany remains one of the most preferred countries for Turkish migration. The demographic structure of migrants has changed, with educated and professional individuals now migrating with their families. Family migration brings along numerous challenges, one of the most significant being the ability of these families' children to learn and speak Turkish proficiently. This issue is particularly challenging for children born in Germany, as nearly all of them speak Turkish with an accent. The development of students' Turkish language skills depends on three main factors: Turkish learned at home, Turkish lessons received at school, and Turkish acquired in social life. This study investigates the impact of Turkish lessons on the Turkish language proficiency of these two groups of students. Within the scope of the research, a survey was conducted with 81 students of Turkish origin in grades 9-12 at Werner Heisenberg Realschule and Ferdinand Franz Wallraf Gymnasium, located at the Köln Schulzentrum Buchheim. It was found that while attending Turkish classes had a positive effect on students' Turkish proficiency, this contribution was significantly below the expected level. Various activities were suggested to improve the Turkish language skills of young people growing up in Germany. Keywords: Mother tongue Turkish, Turkish children in Germany, Turkish language teaching, migration.

Prediction of Functional Academic Outcomes by Fine Motor Skills in Individuals With Sickle Cell Disease.

Individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at heightened risk of poor neurocognitive and academic outcomes. The relationship between fine motor skills and academic outcomes is not well understood. To compare the fine motor skills of individuals with SCD with normative expectations, test whether demographic and medical factors are associated with fine motor performance, and determine the impact of fine motor performance on academic performance. Cross-sectional. St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. Individuals with SCD (N = 376; ages 8-24 yr). Fine motor outcomes included visual-motor integration, manual dexterity, and graphomotor speed. Academic outcomes included math fluency and word reading. Demographic and medical variables were obtained via medical records and interviews. Compared with normative expectations, the performance of individuals with SCD on all fine motor measures was lower than expected. Male sex, lower socioeconomic status, and lower oxygen saturation was associated with slower graphomotor speed. Lower socioeconomic status and older age were associated with lower visual-motor integration scores. Performance on all fine motor measures was positively associated with math fluency and word reading. Individuals with SCD exhibited poorer than expected fine motor skills across multiple motor domains, and these deficits were associated with poorer academic outcomes. Early referral to intervention services for fine motor skills may facilitate improved academic outcomes for individuals with SCD. Plain-Language Summary: This study had three objectives: (1) Compare the fine motor skills of people with sickle cell disease (SCD) with normative expectations, (2) test whether demographic and medical factors are associated with fine motor performance, and (3) determine the impact of fine motor performance on academic performance. We found that SCD is a risk factor for lower than expected fine motor performance across multiple fine motor domains and that these deficits also affect functional academic skills.

Devaluation for whom? Feminization and wages in an economically polarized labor market, 2003–2019

Abstract Scholars have found that as the proportion of female workers in an occupation grows, wages generally decline. Yet, we know little about how this gender inequality intersects with other labor market inequalities. This study evaluates the feminization-wage relationship of an increasingly economically polarized post-2000 US labor market. First, I hypothesize that the negative effect of feminization on wages has diminished in high-skilled occupations due to the declining prejudice against (highly educated) women and increasing requirements for higher education, which functions as a form of social closure. Second, because of the increasing demand for “people skills” in higher-skilled occupations and their association with women, workers in higher-skilled occupations that require these skills may experience positive effects of feminization on wages. Not all people skills, however, are associated with women and similarly rewarded. Thus, I examine three people skills—persuasion, managerial, and sociability—that have different gender stereotypes. I test hypotheses using occupational-level fixed-effects models with individual-level data from the American Community Survey 2003–2019 (N = 15,996,526) and time-varying occupational-level data from the Occupational Information Network 2003–2019 (N = 460). Results show that for workers in occupations requiring more than sixteen years of education, feminization corresponds with higher wages. Additionally, the positive feminization-wage relationship is larger in occupations with a high demand for a gender-neutral people skill, persuasion. This moderation effect is not found for sociability and managerial skills, which are associated with women and men, respectively. This study calls for greater attention to how labor market polarization has shaped gender inequality.

Development of cognitive and social skills in young people with Down Syndrome for entering the workforce

The present doctoral research work will consist of a conceptual analysis of what are the socio-labor skills and how they are learned in a standardized context in the educational environment. From the perspective of the paradigm of inclusivity, it is necessary to carry out a conceptual review from different fields such as education from the regulatory framework, the labor framework, and, finally, from the perspective of the transition to adult life. The objective of this research work is to determine which are the socio-labor skills that adolescents with Down Syndrome need for a correct process even in the labor field in Ecuador. This will allow the initiation of a planned path in the process of transition to adult life to achieve independence within the family nucleus and, of course, to encourage public programs that generate spaces for training and transition to adult life. To achieve this, it is necessary to carry out a bibliographic review of public policies of labor inclusiveness, inclusive education proposals for the labor environment, and the principles that support the paradigm of inclusiveness. To achieve the above, it is necessary to conduct a literature review on public policies of labor inclusiveness, inclusive education proposals for the workplace, and the principles underlying the paradigm of inclusiveness. For this, the qualitative methodology will be used, to first conduct a literature review of the international panorama on the socio-labor situation and the transition to adult life, to compare it with the national situation, and with this, to design a set of socio-labor skills that allow socio-labor inclusion and, therefore, transition to adult life for adolescents with Down syndrome.

“We want to give people skills that will get them jobs”: Community College Career and Technical Education Faculty Members’ Teaching Strategies

Increased attention toward filling skills gaps have prompted community colleges to prepare a new wave of employees. Community colleges have long turned to former industry professionals, now serving as career and technical education (CTE) faculty, to train students for fruitful careers. This narrative inquiry study featured interviews with 20 community college CTE faculty and aimed to address this research question: what teaching approaches do community college CTE faculty, as practitioners-turned-educators, implement with their students? Findings showcased five strategies that CTE faculty implement: 1) drawing on professional experiences to shape curriculum; 2) looking to industry for current needed skills; 3) leveraging how students learn to promote practical industry skills; 4) prioritizing students’ humanity; and 5) assisting with internship acquisition. We offer implications to researchers on how to further unravel these participants’ distinct perspectives, as well as provide recommendations to practitioners on how to support CTE faculty in their vital campus capacities.

Bridging the Gap Between Pre-Requisite Practicum Courses of Hospitality and Tourism Management and Needed Competencies of Industry Partners for Employability of Hospitality and Tourism Management Graduates

Hospitality and Tourism Management industry partners observed that practicumers need enhancement on needed competencies in the industry. The study focused on the experiences and observations of Hospitality and Tourism Management (HTM) students, practicum faculty and industry partners during the On-the-Job Training (OJT). The study examined the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) guidelines for practicum trainings, considering global perspectives aligned with Sustainable Development Goal #4: equal access to quality tertiary education. Qualitative research method was used and virtual interviews with practicumers, faculty members, and industry managers/trainers were conducted. The study uncovered experiences and observations of the participants of the Hospitality and Tourism practicum. The findings revealed that the practicumers need more trainings and enhancement in soft skills like, communication, leadership skills, self-confidence, people skills and essential hard skills. The industry partners were expecting that the students have to be well-trained before the OJT deployment. Based on the results of the study, guidelines on the revision of the pre-requisite practicum syllabi courses were developed to promote employability of Hospitality and Tourism graduates.

DESIGN OF LPG GAS OVEN TECHNOLOGY AS AN EFFORT TO INCREASE SALTED FISH PRODUCTION IN SUMEDANG, INDONESIA

Processing salted fish is one of the traditional ways of preserving fish carried out by the community when the fish harvest is abundant. However, traditional processing of salted fish is not always hygienic and can cause health problems if not done properly. In this context, Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) gas ovens are a technology that can help increase the productivity of hygienic processing of salted fish. LPG gas oven is a drying oven that uses gas energy to dry fish. By using an LPG gas oven, drying fish can be done quickly and hygienically, thereby reducing fish spoilage and damage. This research succeeded in designing and assembling an LPG gas oven and providing technical training to the community in its use. This will help increase peoples knowledge and skills in using LPG gas ovens to dry and make salted fish hygienically. Using LPG gas ovens as a salted fish processing technology can be the best solution to overcome excess catches that have not been sold on the market and produce more hygienic salted fish production. Thus, LPG gas ovens can help increase the productivity and welfare of the community around the Jatigede Dam, Sumedang Regency, who depend on the fish catch from Lake Jatigede as their source of livelihood. Another advantage of processing salted fish using an LPG gas oven is that it overcomes the weakness of traditional drying, namely when it rains suddenly, causing the humidity in the fish to increase produces salted fish that is more hygienic, free from dust, and free from flies landing which will produce eggs, which is the cause of salted fish worming and becoming rotten and wasted and overcoming the storage process, where some traders actually store it in the refrigerator, which is limited in nature and in ultimately affects changes in the aroma and taste of the product after being processed/re-dried.