People In Research Research Articles

New horizons in prediction modelling using machine learning in older people's healthcare research.

Machine learning (ML) and prediction modelling have become increasingly influential in healthcare, providing critical insights and supporting clinical decisions, particularly in the age of big data. This paper serves as an introductory guide for health researchers and readers interested in prediction modelling and explores how these technologies support clinical decisions, particularly with big data, and covers all aspects of the development, assessment and reporting of a model using ML. The paper starts with the importance of prediction modelling for precision medicine. It outlines different types of prediction and machine learning approaches, including supervised, unsupervised and semi-supervised learning, and provides an overview of popular algorithms for various outcomes and settings. It also introduces key theoretical ML concepts. The importance of data quality, preprocessing and unbiased model performance evaluation is highlighted. Concepts of apparent, internal and external validation will be introduced along with metrics for discrimination and calibration for different types of outcomes. Additionally, the paper addresses model interpretation, fairness and implementation in clinical practice. Finally, the paper provides recommendations for reporting and identifies common pitfalls in prediction modelling and machine learning. The aim of the paper is to help readers understand and critically evaluate research papers that present ML models and to serve as a first guide for developing, assessing and implementing their own.

Image Processing Technology Based on Machine Learning

Machine learning is a relatively new field. With the deepening of people's research in this field, the application of machine learning is increasingly extensive. On the other hand, with the development of science and technology, image has become an indispensable medium of information transmission, and image processing technology is also booming. This paper introduces machine learning into image processing, and studies the image processing technology based on machine learning. This paper summarizes the current popular image processing technology, compares various image technology in detail, and explains the limitations of each image processing method. In addition, on the basis of image processing, this paper introduces machine learning algorithm, applies convolution neural network to feature extraction of image processing, and carries out simulation test. In the test, we select voc2007 dataset for image segmentation, Imagenet dataset for target detection, cifar100 dataset for image classification, and ROC curve for performance evaluation. The results show that the algorithm based on deep learning can achieve high accuracy in image segmentation, classification and target detection. The accuracy of image segmentation is 0.984, the accuracy of image classification is 0.987, and the accuracy of target detection is 0.986. Image processing based on machine learning has great advantages.

Understanding and Defining Young People's Involvement and Under-Representation in Mental Health Research: A Delphi Study.

The mental health of young people (aged 16-25 years) is a growing public health concern in the United Kingdom due to the increasing numbers of young people experiencing mental health difficulties, with many not in contact with mental health services. To design services that meet the needs of all young people, a diversity of young people must be involved in mental health research, beyond being participants. This Delphi study aimed to identify different types of 'involvement' and to define and describe 'under-representation' in young people's involvement in mental health research. Twenty-seven experts in young people's mental health research completed a series of online questionnaires. The experts were academic researchers, patient and public involvement (PPI) professionals and young 'experts by experience'. Round 1 generated panellists' views on 'involvement' and 'under-representation'. Round 2 summarised panellists' responses from Round 1 and sought consensus (minimum 70% agreement) in nine question areas. Round 3 validated the findings of the previous rounds. Consensus was achieved in eight out of nine areas, resulting in a matrix (with definitions) of the different types of young people's involvement in mental health research, from being advisors to involvement ambassadors. The findings generated an agreed-upon definition of under-representation, an identification of when in the research process there is under-representation and the characteristics of the young people who are under-represented. Experts further agreed on demographic data that should be collected to improve reporting on involvement. This study adds to our understanding of involvement and under-representation in the context of young people's mental health research through expert consensus. It provides a practical resource for researchers considering involving young people in the research process and suggests the data that should be collected to improve reporting on the diversity of the young people involved. A research oversight group of five young people advised on this study. They contributed throughout the project-from endorsing the research question to commenting on the findings and dissemination. Two of the group reviewed all participant materials and piloted the initial questionnaire.

Study on interaction effect between root and soil of apple tree

As an important organ for plant absorption, channelling, synthesis, storage, secretion, regulation, fixation and support, root system plays an important role in plant growth and development. The root system is particularly important for perennial tree trees, it is the base and center of the overall development of the tree. Although people are well aware of the interrelationship between above and below ground growth, especially under adverse soil conditions, they encounter various problems involving water, nutrients and ecology, which affect the development state of apple tree roots, and thus restrict the effectiveness of apple tree production. However, under the conditions of field production, the root system of apple trees is affected by soil physicochemical properties, biological ecological factors and their trees The combined influence of the other parts of the body shows the extreme complexity of the biological space-time effect, and The root system is distributed underground, perennial, with complex structure and huge system, which makes the observation and research more difficult It is difficult, so people's research on it is far less in-depth, systematic and comprehensive than that on the ground. Soil management measures in agricultural production work through the root system, which directly determines the development state and production level of apple trees. Therefore, this paper provides theoretical basis and technical support for the healthy and sustainable development of apple industry and fundamental guarantee for the healthy and sustainable development of apple by summarizing the research progress of the root-soil effect of apple trees. Apple trees are an important part of agriculture. With the adjustment of rural industrial structure and the opening of agricultural products market, planting apple trees according to local conditions has brought considerable economic benefits to farmers. Apple trees have strong adaptability, not only can be planted in plain areas, but also can grow in hills, deserts and other areas. Apple trees can not only increase income, but also prevent soil erosion, increase green space coverage, and regulate microclimate. In addition, the apple contains a variety of essential nutrients for human growth and development, and the apple itself and its seeds also have medicinal effects. With the development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for apple is increasing, and the quality of apple is also put forward higher requirements. Nutrients, water and temperature are the main factors affecting apple quality, but soil management, pruning and ecological factors also directly or indirectly affect apple quality. Among them, roots are the only bridge between apple trees and the interaction of water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the soil. The water and nutrients required for the growth and development of apple trees and various physiological active substances synthesized are completed by roots. The distribution form of roots can reflect the utilization and productivity of substances and energy in the soil by apple trees, and the root system also has the potential to improve apple quality.

United Construction Contract And Responsibilities In The People's Research And Assistance Offices

The purpose of this research is to explain the construction unit work contract and the responsibility for the risk of building failure that can be applied to one of the government procurement of goods and services at the Pekanbaru Search and Rescue Office. This research method is carried out through a stage in accordance with this type of research, namely empirical juridical. The result of this research found that the construction unit work contract and the responsibility for the risk of building failure at the Pekanbaru Search and Rescue Office should have been carried out by direct appointment. However, the procurement was instead carried out through a tender mechanism. The reason is that the Commitment Making Officer, Goods/Services Procurement Committee at the Pekanbaru Search and Rescue Office are not aware of the direct appointment rule. Liability for building failure if the construction unit work contract and responsibility for the risk of building failure at the Pekanbaru Search and Rescue Office are carried out without a direct appointment will be difficult to determine the responsibility. The construction service provider, whether it is the first construction work or construction consultancy, cannot be held liable for building failure if the building failure is caused by the fault of the follow-up work carried out by a different construction service provider. Conversely, it is also difficult for the construction service provider of the follow-on works to be held liable if the fault lies with the first construction works or construction consultancy

What are the autism research priorities of autistic adults in Scotland?

Although research has the potential to improve autistic people's lives, lots of funding goes towards research looking at topics which autistic people say has little impact in their everyday lives. Autistic people's lives can be different depending on where they live, and Scotland is a unique country in many ways. We wanted to find out which topics autistic people in Scotland want to see research on. Our team of autistic and non-autistic researchers (including university-based and community researchers) created a survey where 225 autistic adults rated and ranked the importance of possible research topics and shared their thoughts on what topics mattered to them. The five most important topics were mental health and well-being, identifying and diagnosing autistic people, support services (including healthcare and social care), non-autistic people's knowledge and attitudes and issues impacting autistic women. The three least important topics were genetics or biological aspects of autism, autism treatments/interventions and causes of autism. Our findings indicate that autistic people in Scotland want research to focus on things that matter to their day-to-day lives. Also, the Scottish government says they will be listening to autistic people in their latest policy plans, and we believe that considering autistic people's research priorities is an important part of this. Our findings also add to growing calls for change to happen in how and what autism researchers do research on.

Isolation and Identification of Anti-Inflammatory Active Components from Asparagi Radix cochinchinensis Based on HPLC-CAD and UPLC-Q/TOF-MS Techniques

Background: In the research of the pharmacological activity of modern Chinese medicine, a large number of traditional Chinese medicines show anti-inflammatory activity. Asparagi radix is one of the anti-inflammatory drugs. With the deepening of people's research on Asparagi radix, its anti-inflammatory pharmacological effects have been gradually explored, but its specific anti-inflammatory active ingredients are still unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to screen and identify its specific anti-inflammatory active ingredients from Asparagi radix. At present, COX-2 is an important target for the treatment of chronic inflammation, and many drugs targeting this target have been marketed. However, some drugs have serious side effects, so it is very meaningful to study new COX-2 inhibitors. Methods: In this experiment, the fractions of different time periods are separated by high performance liquid chromatography-separation-trapping system (HPLC-CAD-FC). Then, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) and biological activity analysis techniques are used to identify the chemical composition and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of each fraction. Finally, the data is integrated to screen out the substances with potential anti-inflammatory activity in Asparagi radix. Results: The results showed that the method established in this experiment can successfully isolate the active components of Asparagi radix, and four saponins with potential anti-inflammatory activity are identified. Conclusion: In summary, the analysis method established in this study can quickly and effectively screen out its anti-inflammatory active substances, and its potential anti-inflammatory active ingredients are mainly steroidal saponins.

Huge piezoelectricity and electro-optic effects in rhombohedral relaxor ferroelectric single crystals by Sm3+ doping

In recent years, relaxor ferroelectric single crystals have attracted people's attention and research because of their excellent piezoelectric properties at morphotropic phase boundary(MPB). The ternary system Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PIN-PMN-PT) crystals have higher Curie temperature and coercive field, which have the opportunity to be applied in high-temperature devices. The crystals of the rhombohedral phase have better stability, but their performance is not as good as that of the MPB component crystals. In this paper, the piezoelectric properties of rhombohedral PIN-PMN-28PT single crystals are improved by Sm3+ doping. The piezoelectric coefficient d33 after AC polarization along [001] direction can reach 3125pC/N, which is 60% higher than that of undoped crystals. Meanwhile, the crystal exhibits excellent optical performance after DC polarization along [110] direction. The crystal has an effective electro-optic coefficient of 386 pm/V at room temperature and a stable frequency-dependent characteristic, which is expected to be an ideal material for electro-optic devices.

Changing trends in health orientation among older adults: A scoping review.

Older people's health condition is not uniform, and the components of their health are interrelated. Concepts regarding the health of older people have emerged and changed over time. However, the transition of concepts and influencing factors are not well examined through research. We have conducted a scoping review of the changes over time in the concept of health for older people and the factors influencing these changes. The public websites of international organizations and academic societies related to older people's health and research paper database were searched, and the extracted data were summarized in a chronological table. Consequently, this study revealed changing trends in health orientation after health had been defined by WHO, namely, successful aging, productive aging, active aging, and healthy aging, and their components, not the concept of health. The emergence and changes of health orientation among older people may have accompanied proposals and measures of international organizations and academic societies developed in response to changes in the demographic structure, and changes in how society perceives and supports older people. With the changing eras that bring about advances in health technology, prolongation of life expectancy, and changes in lifestyles, the needs of older people, society's perceptions of aging and older people, and how to support them will also change. Our findings may provide a valuable basis for understanding aging and older people, reconsidering their health orientation based on the health issues of older people and their significance, and formulating policies for older people in the future. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 5-17.

Digital Transformation of Bank Syariah Indonesia Services and Its Impact on Financial Inclusion

Islamic financial inclusion is the openness of providing access and use of a variety of convenient and affordable financial services by sharia. In supporting the realization of the Sharia financial inclusion target and the Indonesian Sharia Banking Development Roadmap (RPSI) for 2020-2025, Bank Syariah Indonesia strives for customer convenience and comfort by providing access to various products and services digitally. The research method uses a type of qualitative descriptive research with a library research method. The types of data used are primary data and secondary, primary data obtained from BSI's official website and result reports, secondary data obtained from other people's research, documentation data, and studies relevant to this study. The purpose of the study was to determine 1) the level of financial literacy index and Islamic financial inclusion index in Indonesia. 2) to recognize Bank Syariah Indonesia's efforts in seeking Sharia financial inclusion targets and the Indonesian Sharia Banking Development Roadmap (RPSI) for 2020-2025. The results showed that the level of Islamic financial literacy and inclusion index in 2022 increased to 9.14% and 12.12% from the previous 8.93% and 9.10%

Teenagers performing research on climate change education in a fully integrated design-based research setting

ABSTRACT This follow-up study presents a design-based research (DBR) setting implemented over a three-year project called ‘eKidZ – Teach Your Parents Well’ which uses research-based learning and follows the four phases of DBR. In an iterative cycle, 20 teenagers aged 14–16 took on the role of researchers and investigated intergenerational learning and the multiplier effects of students participating in the Climate Change Education project ‘k.i.d.Z.21 – Competent into the Future’ on their parents, using the complete research process. Simultaneously, scientists implemented and tested the DBR setting to validate student research findings and to evaluate the quality of the educational setting. In this fully integrated DBR, using multiple methods (quantitative and qualitative), educational and scientific perspectives are brought together to evaluate students’ findings and draw conclusions regarding their learning effects. These research results demonstrate that not only did students generate valid and reliable research, but – when changing perspectives – teenagers also contribute to the discussion about closing the gaps in science education and practice. By examining young people's research on Climate Change Education and recognising their contribution in scientific discourse, this paper offers a host of new insights. Highlights Teenagers take on the role of researchers and perform reliable and valid research results on intergenerational learning and multiplier effects in Climate Change Education, by completing all phases of research-based learning. Design-based research is an effective method to combine science and education and thus delivering novel insights into science education and practice. High-quality Climate Change Education fosters constructive cooperation among all participants with inter – and intragenerational learning and multiplier effects. Constructivism, transdisciplinarity and research-based learning form the basis for effective design-based research and Climate Change Education.

Standardising training for young people's research advisory groups.

Standardising training for young people's research advisory groups.

Review of Object Detection Algorithms for Sonar Images based on Deep Learning

Background: Deep learning object detection algorithm is widely used in the field of image classification and has become an indispensable part. With the improvement of image classification accuracy, sonar image target detection algorithm based on deep learning has gradually become the focus of more and more people's research. Objective: This article aims to provide a summary and analysis of deep learning-based sonar image object detection algorithms, with the hope of offering insights for future research in the field of sonar target detection technology. Method: This paper systematically summarizes sonar image target detection algorithms based on deep learning. According to the method principle, the existing deep learning target detection algorithms are divided into four categories: target detection algorithm based on candidate region, deep target detection method based on regression, Anchor Free deep learning target detection algorithm, and search-based target detection and recognition algorithm. Then, the performance of algorithms based on COCO data sets is compared, and the standard sonar data sets and formats are introduced. Results: The sonar image object detection algorithm based on deep learning has made significant progress. The combination of deep learning and object detection methods has been applied to sonar images, resulting in the emergence of excellent performing algorithms. However, most algorithms are still in the developmental stage and face challenges in practical applications. Subsequently, several invention patents have been developed based on the aforementioned algorithms, including a feature extraction method for side-scan sonar images based on fully convolutional neural networks, an underwater sonar image target detection method based on improved YOLOv3-tiny, and more. Conclusion: Sonar image object detection technology based on deep learning has a wide range of application needs but also faces many difficulties and challenges, we still need to continue to learn and explore in future research, and we believe that we can make greater breakthroughs in the future.

Autistic Adults' Priorities for Future Autism Employment Research: Perspectives from the United Kingdom.

A growing body of research has sought to understand autistic people's research priorities. Several of these studies have identified employment as a key research priority. Yet, there have been a few attempts to identify specific, actionable priorities within this area. Using an online survey, we asked 197 autistic people in the United Kingdom about their priorities for future autism-employment research. Participants spoke of their challenges in gaining and sustaining meaningful employment and called for researchers to conduct research that results in direct improvements to employment experiences. Regarding their research priorities, participants indicated a need for research covering all aspects of the employment lifecycle from accessing employment to transitioning out of employment. Importantly, participants also discussed how such research should be conducted: with autistic people as co-researchers and ensuring a diverse range of autistic people are listened to. While much existing autism-employment research appears to align with the priorities outlined in this study, seemingly minimal attention has been paid to later stages of the work lifecycle (e.g., progressing into more senior job roles or transitioning out of work). By identifying disparities between autistic people's priorities and the research being conducted, we can support autistic people to drive the research agenda and ensure autism-employment research positively impacts the community it aims to serve.

Indonesian students’ perceptions of the new normal implementation post-covid-19

This study aims to analyze the understanding and readiness of students, the readiness of institutions, the things needed, and the capacity of functions in the application of the new normal post-COVID-19. The method used is the distribution of questionnaires and literature studies. Respondents were students of the Aceh Health Polytechnic. The number of questionnaires distributed was 150, but only 132 could be further analyzed. In addition to the respondents above, this study also uses a literary basis by studying the results of other people's research related to the new normal post-COVID-19. Analysis results show in general; students understand the new normal as new learning to go to normal. Students stated that there was a need for full attention by the management of Aceh Health Polytechnic to make the most of it. The full implementation of the New Normal will be carried out by all government and private agencies. Keywords: Covid-19; Perception, New Normal

Potential application of two-dimensional PC6 monolayer as an anode material in alkali metal-ion (Li, Na, K) batteries

The development of two-dimensional (2D) materials in anode has been believed as a significant research direction to promote the innovation of alkali metal-ion batteries. Lately, PC6 monolayer, a neoteric material, has stimulated people's research enthusiasm owing to its outstanding thermodynamic and electrical natures. In this paper, by employing the first-principles calculation method based on density function theory, the feasibility of PC6 monolayer acting as an anode in alkali metal-ion batteries has been systematically evaluated. The simulation results indicate that, when acting as anode material, the PC6 monolayer can not only provide effective adsorption interaction for metal ions which is beneficial for inhibiting the formation of clusters, but also can furnish satisfactory storage capacity (1496.23 mA·h·g−1 for Li, 1301.07 mA·h·g−1 for Na, and 780.63 mA·h·g−1 for K). Meanwhile, PC6 monolayer can supply appropriate average open-circuit voltages (0.48/0.40/0.64 V for Li/Na/K), which are all within the ideal voltage range of anode material. Importantly, the appraised diffusion behaviors further reflect the isotropic property and wonderful migration performance (0.42/0.46/0.29 eV for Li/Na/K) of PC6 monolayer for metal ions. Remarkedly, the ab initio molecular dynamics simulations results illustrate that these saturated adsorption systems have excellent deformation resistance at a high temperature of 400 K. These exciting performances endow the PC6 monolayer with promising application prospects as an anode in alkali metal-ion batteries.

DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION STUDY FOR ONE-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEM WITH CUBIC-QUINTIC NONLINEARITY

Nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE) is a quantum system of nonlinear evolution， a kind of important equations, and in many areas have very important applications. Therefore, this type of equation models has important physical significance. People realized with GGPE describing BCS-BEC crossover, GGPE began to be utilized in people's research. When GPE and polytropic approximation are combined, the nonlinear term becomes generalized cubic-quintic nonlinearity. And the model becomes one-dimensional generalized cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrodinger equation (GCQ-NLSE). Many prior work deal with the special circumstances GCQ-NLSE the CQ-NLSE, and need to introduce additional integrability condition. In this work, we use the phase and amplitude coupling Transform combined with F-expansion method to solve the one-dimensional GCQ-NLSE. We obtained its soliton solutions without introducing any integrable condition. We apply the analytical solution obtained to our quantitative analysis of dynamic behavior of the model, whose results are dependent on the polytropic index which is related to the intensity of soliton strength, speed, system phonon velocity, these are depicted pictorially.

Analisis Pemberlakuan Pembagian dan Pemisahan Kewenangan di Indonesia (Studi Kepustakaan Terhadap Separated of Powers dan Division of Powers)

The division and separation of authorities in a country is an effort to prevent concentration of authority in one person, this is intended as a prevention so that there is no arbitrariness in the leadership structure of a country, including the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. In general, power is an authority that is obtained by a person or group to act according to its scope. Power in several countries is often divided or separated into several forms, one of which is based on the theory of state power. The research conducted in this article is a qualitative research using literature studies on trusted sources from internet journals supported by other people's research and discussed using their own language which was developed and supported by several research results. Data collection was carried out in this study using observation and internet searches regarding literature studies. The purpose of writing is to find out how the implementation of the division of authority in Indonesia. The results of the discussion are that the separate authorities between the central government and local governments can be a determining factor for a region, both provincial and district/city, to develop or it will become a limiting factor for an area to be able to adapt policies made by its government to the life of its people. The author also suggests that stakeholders who are authorized to run the wheels of government, both central and regional, can return to conducting studies and research regarding this distribution of authority, because each existing region, both provincial and district/city has its own characteristics or characteristics, that can develop and adapt to the needs of existing communities.

Multi Kelas Speaker Recognition Menggunakan Deep Learning dengan CN-Celeb Dataset

Speaker recognition has been widely applied in various fields of human life such as Siri from Apple, Cortana from Microsoft, and Voice Assistant by Google. One of the problems when creating speaker recognition is related to the dataset used for the modeling process. The dataset used for creating the speaker recognition model is mostly data that cannot represent real-world conditions. The result is when implemented in the real-world conditions are not optimal. This study develops a speaker recognition model using deep learning (LSTM) with the CN-Celeb dataset. The CN-Celeb dataset is data taken directly from the real world so there is a lot of noise. The hope of using this dataset is that it can represent real world conditions. Model development uses 2 stacked LSTM for multi-class speaker recognition tasks. In addition, this study performs tuning hyperparameters with a grid search method to obtain the most optimal model configuration. The results showed that the EER value of the LSTM model was 10.13% better than the reference baseline paper of 15.52%. In addition, when compared with other studies that also used the CN-Celeb dataset but using different models, it was found that the LSTM model had promising results. From the results of study that has been carried out and also compared with other people's research, it was found that the LSTM model gave promising performance. The LSTM model is compared with the x-vectors, PLDA, TDNN, and transformers models

Converting Real Human Avatar to Cartoon Avatar Utilizing CycleGAN

Cartoons are an important art style, which not only has a unique drawing effect but also reflects the character itself, which is gradually loved by people. With the development of image processing technology, people's research on image research is no longer limited to image recognition, target detection, and tracking, but also images In this paper, we use deep learning based image processing to generate cartoon caricatures of human faces. Therefore, this paper investigates the use of deep learning-based methods to learn face features and convert image styles while preserving the original content features, to automatically generate natural cartoon avatars. In this paper, we study a face cartoon generation method based on content invariance. In the task of image style conversion, the content is fused with different style features based on the invariance of content information, to achieve the style conversion.