Privacy Of People Research Articles

Explaining Privacy Paradox on WeChat

With the development of the information age, people need to disclose personal information in exchange for socializing and related services. At the same time, people's privacy concerns are gradually increasing. Privacy paradox has become a normal phenomenon in social network sites (SNS). The loss of control of privacy might lead to privacy fatigue. Previous work has studied the mechanism of privacy paradox and explored the influence of specific factors on privacy paradox. However, the effect of privacy fatigue on privacy paradox among SNS users has not been studied. In this study, we use structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore the effect of privacy fatigue on personal information disclosure intentions and actual behaviors among WeChat users. Our results of 710 participants showed that privacy fatigue has a mediating role between privacy concern and privacy disclosure intention, and has a positive influence on privacy disclosure intention and disclosure behavior. Based on these results, we provide implications to reduce privacy fatigue and privacy paradox.

"My Best Friend's Husband Sees and Knows Everything": A Cross-Contextual and Cross-Country Approach to Understanding Smart Home Privacy

As smart home devices proliferate, protecting the privacy of those who encounter the devices is of the utmost importance both within their own home and in other people's homes. In this study, we conducted a large-scale survey (N=1459) with primary users of and bystanders to smart home devices. While previous work has studied people's privacy experiences and preferences either as smart home primary users or as bystanders, there is a need for a deeper understanding of privacy experiences and preferences in different contexts and across different countries. Instead of classifying people as either primary users or bystanders, we surveyed the same participants across different contexts. We deployed our survey in four countries (Germany, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and in two languages (English and Spanish). We found that participants were generally more concerned about devices in their own homes, but perceived video cameras—especially unknown ones—and usability as more concerning in other people's homes. Compared to male participants, female and non-binary participants had less control over configuration of devices and privacy settings—regardless of whether they were the most frequent user. Comparing countries, participants in Mexico were more likely to be comfortable with devices, but also more likely to take privacy precautions around them. We also make cross-contextual recommendations for device designers and policymakers, such as nudges to facilitate social interactions.

Inter-relationships among individual views of COVID-19 control measures across multi-cultural contexts

Individual-level georeferenced data have been widely used in COVID-19 control measures around the world. Recent research observed that there is a trade-off relationship between people's privacy concerns and their acceptance of these control measures. However, whether this trade-off relationship exists across different cultural contexts is still unaddressed. Using data we collected via an international survey (n = 4260) and network analysis, our study found a substantial trade-off inter-relationship among people's privacy concerns, perceived social benefits, and acceptance across different control measures and study areas. People's privacy concerns in culturally tight societies (e.g., Japan) have the smallest negative impacts on their acceptance of pandemic control measures. The results also identify people's key views of specific control measures that can influence their views of other control measures. The impacts of these key views are heightened among participants with a conservative political view, high levels of perceived social tightness, and vertical individualism. Our results indicate that cultural factors are a key mechanism that mediate people's privacy concerns and their acceptance of pandemic control measures. These close inter-relationships lead to a double-edged sword effect: the increased positive impacts of people's acceptance and perceived social benefits also lead to increased negative impacts of privacy concerns in different combinations of control strategies. The findings highlight the importance of cultural factors as key determinants that affect people's acceptance or rejection of specific pandemic control measures.

Securitisation of COVID-19 pandemic: policy measures in India and implications for health governance

ABSTRACT Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, states throughout India, headed by the Centre, backed punitive policy actions that took precedence over democratic norms. Securitisation measures implemented by the government resulted in harsh restrictions on citizens’ daily lives, the imprisonment of journalists reporting the pandemic and its management by authorities, and substantial invasions of people's privacy through the deployment of intrusive digital technology. These problems are investigated by looking at how the COVID-19 pandemic functioned as justification for authorities to violate democratic procedures as a consequence of the pandemic itself being characterised as a state of exception necessitating such ostensible measures. It is also demonstrated how securitisation as a means to monitor health, and health as a reason for greater securitisation, came to the fore in state responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Security and Privacy for Smart Transportation Management using Big Data Analytics

Security and privacy are vital aspects of smart transportation management with big data analytics because they assure the security of sensitive information, prevent unwanted access to essential systems, and retain public trust in the safety and dependability of the transportation infrastructure. Protecting data from cyber threats, ensuring secure communication and data transmission, protecting passengers' personal information and addressing privacy concerns related to data collection and usage to maintain transparency and accountability in data handling practices are all obstacles to smart transportation management using big data analytics. This paper proposes a Secure Data Encryption Control based Big Data Framework (SDEC-BDF) to strike a middle ground between data analytics and privacy protection, establishing the way for more private and secure transportation systems that benefit everyone involved. The intention of this approach is to offer strong security while simultaneously safeguarding people's privacy. The method has many potential uses in the Intelligent transportation sector (ITS), including traffic control, passenger security, fleet management, preventative maintenance, and road network design. It ensures privacy and security while facilitating effective data analysis. Furthermore, it protects the public confidence in the security and dependability of the transportation system, protects sensitive passenger data, and stops hackers from breaking into vital systems. The simulation analysis is conducted on the assumption that the system can maximize its security, privacy, and efficiency to create a more trustworthy transportation network.

Privacy Barriers in Health Monitoring: Scoping Review.

Health monitoring technologies help patients and older adults live better and stay longer in their own homes. However, there are many factors influencing their adoption of these technologies. Privacy is one of them. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the privacy barriers in health monitoring from current research, analyze the factors that influence patients to adopt assisted living technologies, provide a social psychological explanation, and propose suggestions for mitigating these barriers in future research. A scoping review was conducted, and web-based literature databases were searched for published studies to explore the available research on privacy barriers in a health monitoring environment. In total, 65 articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected and analyzed. Contradictory findings and results were found in some of the included articles. We analyzed the contradictory findings and provided possible explanations for current barriers, such as demographic differences, information asymmetry, researchers' conceptual confusion, inducible experiment design and its psychological impacts on participants, researchers' confirmation bias, and a lack of distinction among different user roles. We found that few exploratory studies have been conducted so far to collect privacy-related legal norms in a health monitoring environment. Four research questions related to privacy barriers were raised, and an attempt was made to provide answers. This review highlights the problems of some research, summarizes patients' privacy concerns and legal concerns from the studies conducted, and lists the factors that should be considered when gathering and analyzing people's privacy attitudes.

Using Remote Sensing Data in Urban Crime Analysis: A Systematic Review of English-Language Literature from 2003 to 2023

Drawing from environmental criminology principles, this article explores the existing literature to assess the utility of remote sensing data in detecting and analysing features in the urban environment that are associated with crime occurrence. A systematic review of the literature in the English language from 2003 until the first half of 2023 from two major databases, Scopus and Science Direct, is carried out. As many as 910 publications were selected, from which 36 publications satisfied the selection criteria. Findings show that neighborhood's design has a quantifiable imprint that is possible to be observed with very high spatial-resolution imagery. Given its high spatial and temporal resolution, remote sensing data can to different degrees support the identification of criminogenic features in urban environments (streets and roads, property boundaries, housing density, characteristics and density of vegetation as well as luminosity levels), but when it is used for the detection of potentially illegal activities, infringement of people's privacy and methods lacking validation still present serious concerns. The article concludes with a discussion of the opportunities and challenges of using remote sensing data in crime analysis.

The Law Enforcement Related to Cyber Crime by Involving the Role of the Cyber Patrol Society in Achieving Justice

This Cyber ​​crime is a crime that is growing massively in Indonesia. In response to this, a cyber police was formed which has the task of maintaining order and obeying the law in society in the digital world. This research aims to initiate a cyber patrol system by prioritizing community participation (cyber patrol society) in realizing justice. This research is normative legal research with a conceptual and statutory approach. The research results confirm that the urgency of reforming the cyber police by involving community participation is intended to minimize abuse of power from the cyber police, especially those that can disturb people's privacy when carrying out activities in cyberspace or the digital world. Efforts to formulate a cyber patrol society in realizing justice for people who are active in the digital world need to be done by involving the community to participate in law enforcement in the digital world. Viewed from the aspect of justice, community participation is needed to ensure that cyber police do not arbitrarily occur when enforcing the law in the digital world. Apart from that, community participation in the cyber patrol system is needed so that there is a preemptive, preventive and educational approach so that public legal awareness when carrying out activities in the digital world can be achieved

Privacy and utility perceptions of social robots in healthcare

Many Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) researchers are exploring the use of healthcare robots. Due to the sensitive nature of care, privacy concerns play a significant role in determining robot utility and adoption. While HRI research has explored some dimensions of privacy for robots in general, to our knowledge, no prior work has empirically studied how human-like robot design affects people's privacy and utility perceptions of robots across different healthcare contexts and tasks. We conducted a 3 × 3 × 3 study (n = 239) to understand these relationships, varying robot Human Likeness (HL) (low, medium, and high) and scenario/task type (hospital waiting room/robot check-in support, hospital patient room/robot mobility support, home care/robot neurorehabilitation support) via a mixed between-within subjects design. To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies that operationalizes complex constructs of privacy, healthcare, and HL across multiple realistic healthcare contexts, with a high degree of cognitive fidelity. Our results suggest the tasks and contexts in which privacy is considered in healthcare contexts with robots is more impactful than other factors like robot HL appearance. In particular, some settings include more complex tradeoffs between privacy and utility for robots than others. For example, HRI researchers and practitioners who want to build healthcare robots intended for the home may encounter the greatest challenges for balancing privacy risks. Finally, for the community, we demonstrate that design fiction animations can be a useful way to facilitate cognitive fidelity for supporting studies in HRI and serving as a bridge between narrative methods and the use of real-world robots.

People’s political views, perceived social norms, and individualism shape their privacy concerns for and acceptance of pandemic control measures that use individual-level georeferenced data

BackgroundAs the COVID-19 pandemic became a major global health crisis, many COVID-19 control measures that use individual-level georeferenced data (e.g., the locations of people’s residences and activities) have been used in different countries around the world. Because these measures involve some disclosure risk and have the potential for privacy violations, people’s concerns for geoprivacy (locational privacy) have recently heightened as a result, leading to an urgent need to understand and address the geoprivacy issues associated with COVID-19 control measures that use data on people’s private locations.MethodsWe conducted an international cross-sectional survey in six study areas (n = 4260) to examine how people’s political views, perceived social norms, and individualism shape their privacy concerns, perceived social benefits, and acceptance of ten COVID-19 control measures that use individual-level georeferenced data. Multilevel linear regression models were used to examine these effects. We also applied multilevel structure equation models (SEMs) to explore the direct, indirect, and mediating effects among the variables.ResultsWe observed a tradeoff relationship between people’s privacy concerns and the acceptance (and perceived social benefits) of the control measures. People’s perceived social tightness and vertical individualism are positively associated with their acceptance and perceived social benefits of the control measures, while horizontal individualism has a negative association. Further, people with conservative political views and high levels of individualism (both vertical and horizontal) have high levels of privacy concerns.ConclusionsOur results first suggest that people’s privacy concerns significantly affect their perceived social benefits and acceptance of the COVID-19 control measures. Besides, our results also imply that strengthening social norms may increase people’s acceptance and perceived social benefits of the control measures but may not reduce people’s privacy concerns, which could be an obstacle to the implementation of similar control measures during future pandemics. Lastly, people’s privacy concerns tend to increase with their conservatism and individualism.

A Study on Situation of National Identity Card in Nepal: implications and challenges

"A Study on the Implications and Challenges of National Identity Card in Bhaktapur, Nepal" is the title of a paper that focuses on looking into how biometric data is collected for identification and verification purposes, especially when it comes to age. The main goals of this study are to look into how the National Identity Card is being used in Nepal and to look into the challenges and problems that come with using the National Identity Card there. The numbers show how the responses were spread out among different age groups, with a focus on those who actively participated. It talks about Nepal's culture and racial variety by stating that the people who answered the survey were from different groups, like the Brahmin, Kshetri, and Janajati. It shows how important it is for the government to keep an eye on different systems, and it emphasizes how important it is for the home ministry to be careful and aware of other ministries and functional units. The phrase stresses how important it is to recognize software and technology for protecting people's privacy, as the Constitution of Nepal, 2072, says that everyone has the right to privacy. It also says that information about the public and the state can be shared, but personal information and actions must be kept safe. Things look like the people of Nepal agree with these rules and conditions. The line also talks about the Right to Information Act, the Right to Duplicate Act, and the Evidence Act of Nepal as ways to get back lost public papers. In the end, it stresses how important it is for central ministries to work together to provide services to the people in a Federal Republic of Nepal. This is especially true when it comes to issuing national ID cards with the help of the home ministry and suggestions from local governments.

Development and Protection of Internet Finance in the Era of Big Data

Starting from 2016, big data is widely used. The world has also entered the era of big data. Internet finance is also a topic that has received a lot of attention in recent years. Together with the arrival of COVID, Internet finance is developing rapidly. Internet finance will become more of a big trend in the future. People primarily use third-party payment, online lending, direct fund sales, crowdfunding, online insurance, banking, and other similar services. At the same time, Internet finance also brings more new opportunities to the financial sector, but the new opportunities and innovations also bring some risk factors. Starting from the current situation of Internet and big data, the article finds that how to control financial risk and credit risk is a problem that needs to be addressed vigorously nowadays. Developing a good personal credit system is also a practical action that needs to be put in place. Through SWOT analysis and questionnaire, we analyze the public perception of the Internet and the credit risks in the development of Internet financial innovation, from which we can provide solutions to improve the regulatory power, thus promoting the safe and efficient development of Internet finance. In addition, through literature view, we analyze how to enhance people's privacy and the credibility of Internet finance.

Future pHealth Ecosystem-Holistic View on Privacy and Trust.

Modern pHealth is an emerging approach to collecting and using personal health information (PHI) for personalized healthcare and personalized health management. For its products and services, it deploys advanced technologies such as sensors, actuators, computers, mobile phones, etc. Researchers have shown that today's networked information systems, such as pHealth ecosystems, miss appropriate privacy solutions, and trust is only an illusion. In the future, the situation will be even more challenging because pHealth ecosystems will be highly distributed, dynamic, increasingly autonomous, and multi-stakeholder, with the ability to monitor the person's regular life, movements, emotions, and health-related behavior in real time. In this paper, the authors demonstrate that privacy and trust in ecosystems are system-level problems that need a holistic, system-focused solution. To make future pHealth ethically acceptable, privacy-enabled, and trustworthy, the authors have developed a conceptual five-level privacy and trust model as well as a formula that describes the impact of privacy and trust factors on the level of privacy and trust. Furthermore, the authors have analyzed privacy and trust challenges and possible solutions at each level of the model. Based on the analysis performed, a proposal for future ethically acceptable, trustworthy, and privacy-enabled pHealth is developed. The solution combines privacy as personal property and trust as legally binding fiducial duty approaches and uses a blockchain-based smart contract agreement to store people's privacy and trust requirements and service providers' promises.

Anthropological Approach to Islamic Education: Establishing Noble Spirituality in Overcoming Social Conflict

This research examined how the anthropological approach to Islamic education is in building noble spirituality and overcoming problems of social conflict. The object of study is the student boarding school, Mahad Talhah bin Ubaidillah to be precise, Palu City, Central Sulawesi Province. This study uses a phenomenological approach, including a type of qualitative method. It collects data using observation interviews, documentation, and single data analysis (individual case analysis). The study's results found that the value of ukhuah Islamiyah was instilled to form students who always maintain unity and create harmonious relationships. Instilled noble moral values to shape students to become polite individuals, both in speech and in behaviour. In addition, it is customary to hold deliberations when facing problems, which is done to shape students into individuals who respect and respect the opinions of others, not feeling the most righteous themselves. As well as the habit of maintaining other people's privacy, this is to form students into individuals who do not like to interfere in private matters. Given that students live together in the dormitory. When these values are not instilled, they will disturb and damage the comfort of other students. This conclusion can become an idea for realizing good spirituality and can be a reference for overcoming social conflicts.

Health Systems Need to Transform Data Collection to Advance Health Equity.

Health Systems Need to Transform Data Collection to Advance Health Equity.

Analysis of Communication Privacy Management on Instagram Stories

Social media is basically for sharing information and public channels to express the account owners. To date, Instagram is one of the largest social media networking platforms with visual outputs like videos and photos. Much information can be exchanged and retrieved between users via this platform. Occasionally, some users have posted other people's privacy on their feeds, which may result in a lawsuit against the Instagram account owners. This present study aims to examine the level of understanding of Instagram users' privacy management of their accounts. The data was collected through in-depth interviews with a total of three respondents and the analysis method of Communication Privacy Management (CPM) was carried out. The result shown that in self-disclosure through Instagram not all informants are able to set public and private boundaries. After interviewing, all informants have shown a better understanding of various violations of privacy, such as data leaks, cyber-stalking, taking and uploading photos or videos without permission, and ignoring copyright. In post-event, all the informant perform take action on the management of privacy with consideration as an important thing for building a relationship. Keyword : Instagram, Media Social, Communication Privacy Management.

Cyber Pandemics

The focus of this special issue is on studying the consequences of pandemics and cyber pandemics on privacy and trust both in the digital and the real worlds. In the aftermath of the recent COVID-19 pandemic that has shaken several aspects of our lives for almost two years of time, preliminary research indicates that the technological capabilities and the data that have been deployed and exploited to contain the spread of the disease may have affected people's privacy, sense of security, as well as their trust in their governing institutions. The enclosed articles explore both the effectiveness and the impacts of some of the deployed technologies in the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic on people's privacy as well as on their security and related risks.

The approach to understanding security based on the foundations of Islamic jurisprudence and the prominent schools of thought in security studies.

The central question addressed in this paper revolves around how the process of achieving security aligns with the teachings of Islamic jurisprudence. It also explores the comparative prominence of different approaches to security across various schools of thought. In the process of seeking security, different schools employ their unique approaches, ranging from "force" and "authority" to "persuasion." Within democratic frameworks, the term "persuasion" is often used. However, within liberal schools of thought, a dual policy is observed, where they leverage the element of "persuasion" against liberals and the element of "force" against non-liberal countries. Additionally, in power-centric approaches, the primary objective is the acquisition of power, thus advocating for a "forceful" approach in this discourse. Finally, in the Sharia-based approach, which heavily revolves around the dimension of authority, achieving security in Islam encompasses various aspects, including political, military, cultural, economic, and environmental security.
 In political security, ensuring justice and fairness, consultation, and providing necessary freedoms in relevant areas make security possible. In social security, practicing good deeds, forbidding wrongdoing, advising, reminding, and respecting people's privacy facilitate security. Cultural security, in Islamic political jurisprudence, is achieved through migration, invitation, enjoining good, forbidding evil, and adherence to religious teachings. Economic security, through establishing social justice, fair wealth distribution, and combating factors endangering economic security, becomes attainable. Environmental security, by adhering to the jurisprudential rules in this field, is also feasible.

An onion with layers of hope and fear: A cross‐case analysis of the media representation of Tor Network reflecting theoretical perspectives of new technologies

AbstractThe Onion Router (Tor) is a sophisticated web browser accompanied by an encrypted network that enables online anonymity, protecting people's privacy. Adopted by many as a counter‐surveillance mitigation around the world, legitimate users of Tor include the military, journalists, whistle‐blowers, and citizens from authoritarian regimes. This article shows that the data protection offered by Tor is consistently associated to criminal and anti‐social uses by the media. This research looks at the British press representation of Tor conducting a thematic analysis of articles published by six newspapers between 2008 and 2017. This analysis connects the press coverage to three theoretical approaches: moral panics, technological ambivalence, and liberation technology. This research demonstrates through three case studies that the media reproduces theoretical discussions about new technologies on Tor's portrayal, presenting cases with only positive, only negatives and both positive and negative uses. However, examples of optimistic views of Tor are rare, and the press coverage focuses mainly on the criminal uses, especially crypto markets and child pornography. Overall, the British press ignores a culture of surveillance and spreads a discourse of fear through a recurrent connection of Tor to horrifying uses, undermining any potential positive outcomes.

Optimized security algorithm for connected vehicular network

PurposeAs the number of devices that connect to the Internet of Things (IoT) has grown, privacy and security issues have come up. Because IoT devices collect so much sensitive information, like user names, locations, phone numbers and even how they usually use energy, it is very important to protect users' privacy and security. IoT technology will be hard to use on the client side because IoT-enabled devices do not have clear privacy and security controls.Design/methodology/approachIoT technology would be harder to use on the client side if the IoT did not offer enough well-defined ways to protect users’ privacy and security. The goal of this research is to protect people's privacy in the IoT by using the oppositional artificial flora optimization (EGPKC-OAFA) algorithm to generate the best keys for the ElGamal public key cryptosystem (EGPKC). The EGPKC-OAFA approach puts the most weight on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard for MAC, which is the most important part of the standard. The security field is part of the MAC header of this standard. In addition, the MAC header includes EGPKC, which makes it possible to make authentication keys as quickly as possible.FindingsWith the proliferation of IoT devices, privacy and security have become major concerns in the academic world. Security and privacy are of the utmost importance due to the large amount of personally identifiable information acquired by IoT devices, such as name, location, phone numbers and energy use. Client-side deployment of IoT technologies will be hampered by the absence of well-defined privacy and security solutions afforded by the IoT. The purpose of this research is to present the EGPKC with optimum key generation using the EGPKC-OAFA algorithm for the purpose of protecting individual privacy within the context of the IoT. The EGPKC-OAFA approach is concerned with the MAC standard defined by the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, which includes the security field in its MAC header. Also, the MAC header incorporates EGPKC, which enables the fastest possible authentication key generation. In addition, the best methodology award goes to the OAFA strategy, which successfully implements the optimum EGPKC selection strategy by combining opposition-based (OBL) and standard AFA ideas. The EGPKC-OAFA method has been proved to effectively analyze performance in a number of simulations, with the results of various functions being identified.Originality/valueIn light of the growing prevalence of the IoT, an increasing number of people are becoming anxious about the protection and confidentiality of the personal data that they save online. This is especially true in light of the fact that more and more things are becoming connected to the internet. The IoT is capable of gathering personally identifiable information such as names, addresses and phone numbers, as well as the quantity of energy that is used. It will be challenging for customers to adopt IoT technology because of worries about the security and privacy of the data generated by users. In this work, the EGPKC is paired with adversarial artificial flora, which leads in an increase to the privacy security provided by EGPKC for the IoT (EGPKC-OAFA). The MAC security field that is part of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard is one of the areas that the EGPKC-OAFA protocol places a high focus on. The Authentication Key Generation Protocol Key Agreement, also known as EGPKCA, is used in MAC headers. The abbreviation for this protocol is EGPKCA. The OAFA technique, also known as the combination of OBL and AFA, is the most successful method for selecting EGPKCs. This method is recognized by its acronym, OAFA. It has been shown via a variety of simulations that the EGPKC-OAFA technique is a very useful instrument for carrying out performance analysis.