People Help Research Articles

Overlap of medical and social support for the elderly, sick and infirm

Two patients, female and male, born in 1929 and 1933 have been living alone for years in poor socio-economic conditions. During a period of a few months, they both experienced fractures that led them to be dependent on other people's help.

Membangun Spiritualitas Pelayanan Kaum Muda

The purpose of this writing is to see how far young people serve others in their lives, especially those who need young people's help. The purpose of this writing also wants to actualize how important it is for young people to serve one another. The method used in this paper is descriptive analysis to see the characteristics of each questionnaire filled out by young people. In addition, the writer wants to know what fears exist in young people when they want to serve. The data obtained through a questionnaire were 100 respondents, namely young people aged 15-25 years in Mahakam Hulu Regency. The results of testing the hypothesis prove that the feeling of caring for young people in serving others is still reasonably good. Through this writing, the author wants to make it relevant to the life of Jesus and His disciples in terms of helping the people in Jerusalem and its surroundings.

A bi-level multi-objective location-routing optimization model for disaster relief operations considering public donations

In recent years, the number and severity of natural disasters occurring in various regions of the world have increased dramatically incurring heavy financial and human losses. Therefore, decision-makers have been concerned with ways of providing relief to reduce the losses. Here, we present a multi-objective bi-level model for disaster location-routing problem that provides the needed supplies through multiple suppliers, considering the supply risk. Moreover, to reduce the risk and increase efficiency, special attention is given to people's help for supplying goods having high priority and low risk. At the first level of the model, the cost and time objectives are considered, and at the second level, the risk and efficiency objectives are considered. To solve the bi-level model, first we solved the follower's perspective model using the augmented epsilon constraint method to convert the second level objectives to a single-objective. Then, using the KKT conditions, the bi-level model is converted to a linear single-level bi-objective model, which is solved by the augmented epsilon constraint method. To validate the model, the suburb of Sari in Iran is selected as a case study and the model is solved by the CPLEX/GAMS. The results show that the lower-risk goods with higher priorities should be supplied by public donations to increase efficiency in provision of relief. The results of sensitivity analysis demonstrate that commodities are not supplied merely by public donations, because if the inventories of Red Cross and Red Crescent decrease, or level of demand rises, exogenous suppliers and/or general public donations can provide goods.

Manajemen Pendidikan Karakter Dari Sudut Pandang Islam

Management is the science of using other people's help to achieve goals effectively, which means that help can be given through the help of others. In the form of thoughts and energy, it can also be intuition. Education is essentially an effort to support and guide the thoughts and nature of each person. The aim is to ensure that education develops according to the character education of the Prophet Muhammad to achieve the desired goal. Therefore, Islamic education related to Islam is a science that can guide, direct and develop. The method used in this research is qualitative method. The success of character education from an early age is to become a role model. To optimize the management of student character education, teachers must be Fathonah, Shidiq, Amanah, and Tabligh.

How to ask for technical help? Evidence-based guidelines for writing questions on Stack Overflow

ContextThe success of Stack Overflow and other community-based question-and-answer (Q&A) sites depends mainly on the will of their members to answer others’ questions. In fact, when formulating requests on Q&A sites, we are not simply seeking for information. Instead, we are also asking for other people's help and feedback. Understanding the dynamics of the participation in Q&A communities is essential to improve the value of crowdsourced knowledge. ObjectiveIn this paper, we investigate how information seekers can increase the chance of eliciting a successful answer to their questions on Stack Overflow by focusing on the following actionable factors: affect, presentation quality, and time. MethodWe develop a conceptual framework of factors potentially influencing the success of questions in Stack Overflow. We quantitatively analyze a set of over 87 K questions from the official Stack Overflow dump to assess the impact of actionable factors on the success of technical requests. The information seeker reputation is included as a control factor. Furthermore, to understand the role played by affective states in the success of questions, we qualitatively analyze questions containing positive and negative emotions. Finally, a survey is conducted to understand how Stack Overflow users perceive the guideline suggestions for writing questions. ResultsWe found that regardless of user reputation, successful questions are short, contain code snippets, and do not abuse with uppercase characters. As regards affect, successful questions adopt a neutral emotional style. ConclusionWe provide evidence-based guidelines for writing effective questions on Stack Overflow that software engineers can follow to increase the chance of getting technical help. As for the role of affect, we empirically confirmed community guidelines that suggest avoiding rudeness in question writing.

Teachers prevent fatal AI mistakes

Artificial intelligence needs people's help. The best AIs are quickly mastering skills from lip-reading to playing video games, but only by learning through repeated failure. As robots take on domains like healthcare and driving, where mistakes can kill, this is no longer an acceptable approach. Fortunately, a new study suggests that with the right human oversight, it might be possible to ditch the failures. To try to train an AI without it making a mistake, Owain Evans at the University of Oxford and his colleagues started with the simple two-dimensional table tennis video game Pong.

Utopia in Progress in di Prima's Revolutionary Letters

In her article "Utopia in Progress in di Prima's Revolutionary Letters" Estíbaliz Encarnación-Pinedo describes Diane di Prima's Revolutionary Letters (1971) within the context of social transformation and spatiality studies. In the context of the socio-political revolt and utopian revival of the 1970s, di Prima's utopia is grounded in reality and in progress; and it needs people's help and strength to be attained. In the first section of the article Pinedo analyzes a group of letters which serve as "tips" or a "how-to" guide to prepare for a revolution and in the second part she considers letters in which glimpses of a post-revolutionary utopian society are offered. These two aspects create a space which is both socially-formed and transformed. In this light, di Prima's revolution is read as a heterotopia, as a place of resistance used to move towards utopia.

TRANSPORT VELOCITY OF VULNERABLE PEOPLE FOR TSUNAMI EVACUATION

In case of Tsunami, vulnerable people must shelter from it by themselves under difficult conditions. Other people's help is essential for them to evacuate as fast as possible. Considering transportation methods is one of the most important issues against a disaster. The purpose of this study is to compare transportation velocity and to obtain fundamental data, evacuation supporter carry vulnerable people by using transportation instruments. We carried out running experiments with three kinds of instruments, (A) a rollator, (B) a transport chair, and (C) a wheelchair. A rollator was installed assistant equipment (Patent No. 5802342) in this experiment because it did not have transportation function fundamentally. The experiments proceeded in three different inclination lanes; steep slope inclination average was 12.99%, gentle slope 6.77%, and flat 0%. Each lane's distance was as follows; steep slope was 100m, gentle 200m and flat 1, 000m respectively. The subjects of this experiment were 31 female students, the age group between 18 and 26. We did pre-questionnaire on individual attribute and ex facto questionnaire on physical burden to the role of evacuation supporters. Every vulnerable people's weight was adjusted to 62.04kg with dumbbells. Every subject watched the video of the Tsunami to image the situation and do practical experiment before the trials. Each trial was video-recorded to measure transportation velocity and observe their movement. Average velocity of (C) a wheelchair was 0.91m/s, (B) a transport chair 0.85m/s, and (A) a rollator 0.77m/s in steep slope, (C) 1.28m/s, (B) 1.14m/s and (A) 0.91m/s in gentle slope, (C) 1.87m/s, (B) 1.58m/s and (A) 1.18m/s. In the order of transportation velocity was a wheelchair, a transport chair and a rollator in every inclination. According to questionnaire, the subject with experience taking part in sports before made a better record than whom without such experiences. Physical burden in gentle slope and flat with a wheelchair was least but then a rollator was added loads. There were few differences in three instruments in steep slope. Especially a rollator had big physical burden within three of them and difficulty to handle. However, as a result of this experiment, rollator's average velocity was faster than that elderly people walk with a rollator under own power. Therefore, evidently having help from evacuation supporters more efficient than pushing it by themselves for elderly usually uses a rollator. Finally, the study presented here clearly demonstrated that making use of transportation instruments such as a wheelchair, a transport chair and a rollator with evacuation supporter's help enable vulnerable people to run away from Tsunami swiftly. We propose that vulnerable people should deploy transportation instruments against a disaster.

Type 1 diabetes patients' experiences of, and need for, social support after attending a structured education programme: a qualitative longitudinal investigation

To explore patients' experiences of, views about and need for, social support after attending a structured education programme for type 1 diabetes. Patients who attend structured education programmes attain short-term improvements in biomedical and quality-of-life measures but require support to sustain self-management principles over the longer term. Social support can influence patients' self-management practices; however, little is known about how programme graduates use other people's help. This study was informed by the principles of grounded theory and involved concurrent data collection and analysis. Data were analysed using an inductive, thematic approach. In-depth interviews were undertaken postcourse, six and 12 months later, with 30 adult patients with type 1 diabetes recruited from Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating courses in the United Kingdom. Patients' preferences for social support from other people ranged from wanting minimal involvement, to benefiting from auxiliary forms of assistance, to regular monitoring and policing. New self-management skills learnt on their courses prompted and facilitated patients to seek and obtain more social support. Support received/expected from parents varied according to when patients were diagnosed, but parents' use of outdated knowledge could act as a barrier to effective support. Support sought from others, including friends/colleagues, was informed by patients' domestic/employment circumstances. This study responds to calls for deeper understanding of the social context in which chronic illness self-management occurs. It highlights how patients can solicit and receive more social support from family members and friends after implementing self-care practices taught on education programmes. Health professionals including diabetes specialist nurses and dietitians should explore: patients' access to and preferences for social support; how patients might be encouraged to capitalise on social support postcourse; and new ways to inform/educate people within patients' social networks.

Where would young people seek help for mental disorders and what stops them? Findings from an Australian national survey

BackgroundIn order to improve help seeking by young people for mental illness, a better understanding is required of their help-seeking intentions and barriers to their help seeking from various different sources and for different disorders. MethodsYoung people's help-seeking intentions and perceived barriers to help seeking were assessed by a national telephone survey of 3021 youths aged 15–25 years. Respondents were presented with a vignette of a young person portraying depression, depression with suicidal thoughts, depression with alcohol abuse, post-traumatic stress disorder, social phobia, or psychosis. ResultsEmbarrassment or shyness was the most frequently mentioned barrier to seeking help from most sources. However, different barriers featured prominently depending on the disorder and the helper. Age, sex, and knowing a family member or friend who had received professional help for mental illness predicted some barriers. LimitationsHelp-seeking intentions and barriers were assessed with reference to a vignette character and may not reflect actual experience or behaviors. ConclusionsFindings can facilitate the targeting of future efforts to improve young people's help seeking for mental disorders by highlighting the barriers that are more relevant for specific disorders, sources of help and personal characteristics.

Whom to ask for help? Children’s developing understanding of other people’s action capabilities

We often rely on other people’s help to accomplish tasks and to attain goals. People, however, differ in their physical action capabilities. Some persons are therefore better able to provide help than others. We investigated 2.5-, 3.5-, and 5-year-old children’s ability to take other person’s action capabilities in a helping situation into account. To this end, they observed a protagonist who needed the help of friends to accomplish several tasks. For each task, two friends were available, but only one was physically able to provide the help. Children were asked to indicate, which partner the protagonist will ask for help. Our results showed a developmental effect with children in the older two groups performing significantly better than those in the youngest group. Additionally, we found evidence that the 5-year-olds outperformed the younger age groups in their ability to justify their choice. Our findings thus suggest that children’s ability to consider others’ physical action capabilities in helping situations develops around 3 years of age. The results are interpreted in terms of children’s ability to perceive others’ affordances. The implication of these findings for theories on the development of action understanding and joint action are discussed.

„Was denken Sie was ein Psychiater macht? … Und was denken Sie macht ein Psychotherapeut?”

Little is known about the public's perceptions of what mental health professionals' work is like. This, however, may be of interest as it is likely to influence people's help seeking behavior. In Spring 2009, a telephone survey was conducted in the city of Vienna, using a quota sample of 1205 people aged 16 years and over. With the help of two open ended questions respondents' ideas about what the work of psychiatrists and psychotherapists is like were explored. Apart from some similarities, there are, in the public's view, a number of differences between both mental health professions. While psychiatrists are making the diagnosis, using primarily medication and treating more severe forms of mental disorder, psychotherapists are talking with patients and taking care of problems of life. Psychotherapists enjoy a better reputation than psychiatrists. While the work of psychotherapists is mostly positively evaluated, that of psychiatrists is mainly negatively seen. Although public views of the work of psychiatrists and psychotherapists are rather undifferentiated, they correspond with the real situation in important aspects. Obviously, psychotherapists enjoy greater acceptance, being considered a "softer type of psychiatrists".

Effects of Attributing Serious Mental Illnesses to Genetic Causes on Orientations to Treatment

Professional services for persons with serious mental illnesses are underutilized. The genetics revolution has the potential to increase professional help seeking by increasing biomedical interpretations of mental illness among the public. The objective of this study was to assess whether genetic attributions for serious mental illnesses are associated with more positive orientations to professional treatment among members of the general public. Data from two nationally representative surveys were analyzed. First, associations between perceptions of genetic causes of both schizophrenia and depression and treatment recommendations and perceived treatment effectiveness were assessed in a vignette study that was part of the 1996 General Social Survey (GSS). Second, the effect of various descriptions of the role of genetic factors in schizophrenia and depression on perceived treatment effectiveness was assessed in a vignette experiment conducted in 2002-2003. Perception of genetic causes was associated with more recommendations for mental hospitalization and prescription medication but not with more recommendations to see a psychiatrist, a therapist, or a general medical practitioner. Perception of genetic causes was not related to perceived treatment effectiveness in the GSS, and genetic causes as described in the vignette were associated with lower perceived effectiveness of treatment. Increasing emphasis on genetic causes of mental illnesses may have multifaceted effects on orientations to professional treatment. Genetic attributions appear to direct people's help seeking toward the most extreme or biological forms of intervention, possibly because people view genetically influenced disorders as more serious and chronic. At the same time, such attributions lead to pessimism that intervention will be effective.

The White Poor at the End of Apartheid: The Collapse of the Myth of Afrikaner Community

In 1983, a year which some might view as the high watermark of apartheid, a strange thing happened in Roodepoort, a town in the West Rand mining area, near Johannesburg. A Mrs van Rensburg, visiting a local, all-white school, realised that some of the children were starving. She gave them food. When she returned the next day, the childrens’ parents were sitting on the pavement in front of the school, waiting for a meal. Van Rensburg's husband, Leon, took on the task of feeding the parents and children on a regular basis. He was a man of extreme right wing sympathies and was to become active on the West Rand as a follower of Eugene Terreblanche's neo-Fascist Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (AWB). By 1985, the AWB had initiated a nation-wide Volkshulpskema (People's Help Scheme). By 1988 the scheme was providing 14,000 meals a day for white children. On the West Rand, where Leon van Rensburg became organiser for the scheme, 2,000 children a day were being fed. The scheme was explicitly aimed at fostering racial solidarity. Leon van Rensburg told a journalist: These people need not be members of the AWB. They are Afrikaners. We help any white person, in spite of their political beliefs.’

'Doing Motherhood': Some experiences of mothers with physical disabilities

In this paper, we discuss the experiences of physically disabled mothers. We interviewed 30 women in the age group 28-49 with medical diagnoses such as: multiple sclerosis, neuromuscular diseases, cerebral palsy and spinal cord injury Becoming a mother implied for many 'capturing' a gender or 'recapturing' a lost gender. They women felt they had to go to great lengths to 'present' themselves and their children as managing 'normally' in order to be accepted as 'ordinary' mothers. Eventually, they feared that their children might be taken away from them if they did not live up to other people's expectations. One possible explanation for what they experienced as other people's scepticism might be that disabled people on the whole are primarily still looked upon as being dependent on other people's help and care. In short, they are often looked upon by professionals and lay people as receivers, and not as carers.

The last year of lifez

What will changes in the mortality patterns mean for the future? Is there any relationship between the cause of death and the assessed need for help during the last year of life? We used The Official Statistics to gain insight into the mortality patterns. We examined the independence from being reliant on other people's help, assessed from the health and social service records of 186 men in the age range 65-89 years from the Finnish cohorts of the Seven Countries Study. The proportional risk of dying from heart disease or cancer declined with age. However, the independence with regard to need of help lasted longer when men died from these diseases. There were 5-10 fold differences in the risk of needing daily help depending on the cause of death. It increased among the older men significantly just before death. These findings may have significance in the planning of health and home care with respect to changing mortality patterns.

Reverse Discrimination in Japan: Commonsense Knowledge and Practical

Discrimination against“buraku”areas and the minority people who are born or live in them has been a major problem in Japan. In the 1960s, the Japanese government announced a long-term plan to solve the buraku problem. Some of the solutions have complicated the problem. Non-buraku citizens have sensed reverse discrimination from administrative measures aimed at improving the quality of life in buraku areas. The present study investigated the reasoning that non-buraku citizens living and working near buraku areas use when they complain of reverse discrimination.Interviews were carried out with four elementary or junior high school teachers working in schools in which pupils from buraku areas were enrolled, and also with four housewives living near buraku areas. Responses indicated that: (a) complaints revolved around practical issues related to everyday life, (b) nonburaku citizens whose economic status was low complained more about reverse discrimination than did wealthier citizens; their remarks reflected widespread beliefs and prejudices that keep people from addressing the buraku issue, and (c) complaints were often justified by“self-righteous reasoning” (e. g., ‘everyone should be treated equally’ and ‘people should not rely on other people's help too readily’).