Freedom Of People Research Articles

Model of Life Skills Based Drug Education on Knowledge About Drug Use, Self-Esteem, and Assertiveness Skills Among Indonesian Adolescents at Risk

Introduction: Adolescent drug abuse is a global concern, affecting young people's freedom and development. In Indonesia, illicit drug abuse has increased, causing severe social, political, and economic problems. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used in this study to test the effects of life skills-based drug education on knowledge about drug use, self-esteem, and assertiveness skills. Teen participants were divided into experimental and control groups. Results: Language and Social Education (LSE) significantly influences students’ understanding of drug use and assertiveness training while also somewhat raising their self-esteem. On the other hand, it had no appreciable impact on Indonesia’s at-risk students in Semarang, Central Java Province. The report stressed that the first stages in an LSE program intended to stop teenage drug use are for students to gain knowledge and skills. To attain the best results in drug use prevention, more routes must be created. Conclusions: gaining information and skills improves attitudes and values, which in turn encourages drug use in a good way. Consequently, to support Indonesian students who are at risk of drug use in staying drug-free and developing into healthy, contributing members of society, these programs require further study and improvement.

Privacy at the e-government within user-centered design and human-centered design context: a literature review

The Internet revolution and the ICTs application emerged in the data era in which the services are guided by the personal information which is collected from people. Including governmental services in e-government systems. It may represent a risk to people's freedom, democracy, and especially to privacy protection. Organizations must be prepared to implement technologies, requirements, and laws that secure citizens’ data protection, considering their contexts and needs. This paper presents the result of a study that aims to identify themes and opportunities related to privacy protection in e-government in the scope of user-centered and human-centered design. For that, qualitative research was conducted through a literature review of the ScienceDirect database from 2019 to 2023. As a result, some common themes such as data security, data protection, risks, transparency, and trust were identified, as issues to be discussed and that could serve as new foundations for future research.

Attitudes and Perceptions of Local Communities towards Nile Crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) in the Sudd Wetlands, South Sudan.

Conflicts between human populations and Nile crocodiles are widespread with crocodiles posing significant threats to fisherfolk and riverine communities across r-Saharan Africa. Hundreds of deadly attacks take place annually, and mortality rates may range from 50% to 100%. Attitudes and perceptions towards crocodiles were studied using structured questionnaires among fisherfolk along the River Nile and the Sudd wetlands in South Sudan. Local communities used crocodiles for their meat and skin/leather trades. The meat is regarded to enhance longevity, sexual potency, and protection against witchcraft. Crocodiles are perceived as a main threat to lives and livelihoods as they restrict people's freedom of movement along water bodies, attack livestock and humans, and devastate fishing equipment. To assess whether responses were influenced by the intensity of crocodile threats, published data on fatal crocodile attacks on humans and livestock were analysed using Generalised Linear Models (GLMs). This analysis indicated a direct link between the number of crocodile attacks and human attitudes. Crocodiles were generally feared and hated, and there was the agreement of the need to destroy breeding habitats. However, some attitudes were complex and nuanced as highlighted by the agreement of local communities on the need to destroy Nile Crocodile breeding habitats on the one hand and the need to establish crocodile sanctuaries as the the preferred strategy to mitigate risks and conflict on the other hand. There is a need for the creation of a crocodile sanctuary in the Sudd wetlands to minimise the risks of illegal hunting and to buffer the increasing pressure on crocodiles due to human population growth and economic upturn after the civil war.

THE TRAGEDY OF THE COLONIAL ERA IN THE LIFE OF UZBEKS (BASED ON SH. BOSHBEKOV'S DRAMAS)

In this article, the tragedy of the nation is reflected in the fate of the nation in the tragicomedy "Iron Woman" by Sharaf Boshbekov. The idea imposed on the image of Kochkor and Kumri is revealed. In the play "The Iron Woman", the Uzbek people's freedom,the hard work of the people during the colonial period, and the worthlessness of the person. Children are forced to work in the fields instead of studying. It is said that in such a social life, there is no hope for the future of the nation and children.

An Empirical Analysis of the European Union's Economy and Politics in the Context of the War in Ukraine

Abstract Crises will always change society. Since 2020, since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the world economy has had many trials to overcome. Likewise, the values of states or state alliances prioritizing their citizens' medical, social, and economic well-being have also been tested. The European Union was severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, but two years after its appearance, another critical event would accentuate the existing problems and put it in great difficulty. This critical event is the war started by Russia against Ukraine in February 2022. Given the desire Ukraine expressed since 2014 through the EUROMAIDAN movement, the EU could not remain indifferent to what was happening there, and from the very first moments of the war, it showed its support for economic, military, and diplomatic relations towards Ukraine. Thus, the second economic power of the world had to put the decent living and well-being of its citizens to the test in order to save its people. However, it is crucial how much the standard of living of the Europeans suffered compared to the citizens of the states that also contributed to helping Ukraine. Through a difference-in-difference analysis (DID), this article aims to observe how large the discrepancy was between the sacrifice made by Europeans compared to the sacrifice made by other people regarding the values of the consumer price index and consumer confidence index. One thing is sure: regardless of cost, people's freedom, peace, and life are priceless.

ڕۆڵی كولتوری سیاسی له‌ به‌رهه‌ڵستیكردنی گۆڕانی سیاسیدا توێژینه‌وه‌یه‌كی ڕه‌خنه‌یی شیكارییه‌

This study has tried to analyze the role of political culture in resistance to political change. It is the basic goal of the study to identify, how political culture could leave a negative impact on the political change process? is political culture has an unchangeable form to do this role at any time? To this end, the research uses appropriate methods. The method that has been used is the inductive method. The result that the study obtained, is, political culture can resist political change, and is not a static concept, does not change according to time and place, but a variable one, and in interaction with the political system and society. Political culture has many forms, and each of which has its ability that distinguished it from others, in other words, each of them has its influence on a specific society. In general, this factor could be opposite to political change in any political system, particularly in dictatorial and quasi-democratic systems, in which some values and norms are imposed itself that violate people's demands and freedom. Also In this circumstance, the new media and social networks could have their effect on political culture and share in this resistance.

Human Rights Dilemma and International Rule of Law in the Age of Digital Intelligence

The digital intelligence era is an intelligent era represented by digital technology. In this era, human attributes, lifestyles, and the embodiment of rights have shown new characteristics. The impact of the digital intelligence era on human rights is a double-edged sword: on the one hand, digital technology, artificial intelligence, and so on greatly liberate human labor productivity, effectively protecting people's rights to subsistence, health, and development; on the other hand, it also brings great threats and challenges to human rights. Anthropocentrism is threatened, the boundaries of human beings are broken, and people's freedom, equality, privacy, labor, intellectual property, environmental and ecological rights are threatened. In the face of the digital intelligence era, development is the only way to break through. In the United Nations Declaration on the Right to Development, the right to development is defined as an inalienable right of human beings. Only in development can all human rights be fully realized

Medication-Free Treatment in Mental Health Care How Does It Differ from Traditional Treatment?

Norwegian authorities have implemented treatment units devoted to medication-free mental health treatment nationwide to improve people's freedom of choice. This article examines how medication-free treatment differs from treatment as usual across central dimensions. The design was mixed methods including questionnaire data on patients from a medication-free unit and two comparison units (n 59 + 124), as well as interviews with patients (n 5) and staff (n 8) in the medication-free unit. Medication-free treatment involved less reliance on medications and more extensive psychosocial treatment that involved a culture of openness, expression of feelings, and focus on individual responsibility and intensive work. The overall extent of patient influence for medication-free treatment compared with standard treatment was not substantially different to standard treatment but varied on different themes. Patients in medication-free treatment had greater freedom to reduce or not use medication. Medication-free treatment was experienced as more demanding. For patients, this could be connected to a stronger sense of purpose and was experienced as helpful but could also be experienced as a type of pressure and lack of understanding. Patients in medication-free treatment reported greater satisfaction with the treatment, which may be linked to a richer psychosocial treatment package that focuses on patient participation and freedom from pressure to use medication. The findings provide insights into how a medication-free treatment service might work and demonstrate its worth as a viable alternative for people who are not comfortable with the current medication focus of mental health care. Patients react differently to increased demands and clinicians should be reflexive of the dimensions of individualism-relationism in medication-free treatment services. This knowledge can be used to further develop and improve both medication-free treatment and standard treatment regarding shared decision-making. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier NCT03499080) on 17 April 2018.

Undermining People's Freedoms and Opinions in the Digital Era

The transition of media that conveys freedom of expression and opinion from mass media to online media has given rise to the phenomenon of cybercrime. As a result, there is weakening of freedom of expression and opinion. In fact, according to the data in 2020-2021, there were 44 cases related to freedom of expression and opinion. This paper aims to look at the impact and the reasons behind the occurrence of cyberattacks. This research is included in socio-legal research with secondary data sources. The data search process uses documentation and analysis using an interdisciplinary approach. The result is that cybercrime is carried out in the form of hacking, doxing, and cyberbullying. The impact was a violation of the principles of human rights and democracy, causing fear in the community. Crimes in the form of hacking, doxing, and cyberbullying occur because they are effective in protecting political interests and putting pressure on society, also it is difficult for perpetrators to be prosecuted legally.
 Keywords: hacking, doxing, cyberbullying

URDU-THE ISLAMIC PRINCIPLES REGARDING TO PROHIBITIONS IN THE LIGHT OF QUR'AN AND SUNNAH, A SPECIFIC STUDY

The concept of Lawful and forbidden has been known to every nation since ancient times. However, people have differed in explaining the scope, variety and causes of taboos and taboos, many of which were the product of their ancient beliefs, superstitions, and myths. In Islamic jurisprudence (Sharia) Lawful (halal) and forbidden (Haram) is not an unnecessary thing but an important thing and as Muslims we should know what is lawful and what is forbidden. It should be noted that the purpose of declaring something haram in the religion of Islam is not to take away, disturb and limit people's freedom, but its purpose is to regulate social life in all its aspects and control human behavior. Rather, let's say that in view of human rights, human beings are bound by these types of prohibitions. Also, in this kind of commandments of Islam, from one angle or another, there is protection from evil and mischief in these matters. Moreover, the prohibited things are limited and enumerable, and clearly defined while all others are permissible.

Environmental justice and human well-being bundles in protected areas: An assessment in Campo Ma'an landscape, Cameroon

Justice and human well-being are increasingly used as key considerations when assessing the socio-economic impacts and trade-offs associated with forest conservation on local and indigenous populations. This paper incorporates environmental justice framework and human well-being bundles to get a more comprehensive understanding of the social-economic impacts of forest conservation. Through household surveys, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews in three villages adjacent to the Campo Ma'an National Park (CMNP) in Cameroon, we examine how the creation of the national park amidst expanding large-scale commodity plantations affects perceptions of well-being bundles and justice among local and indigenous communities. Specifically, we look at how the establishment of CMNP influences forest-dependent people's freedom to access forest resources, food sufficiency, health, security, social relationships, life satisfaction, and perception of fairness in benefit distribution, participation and recognition. The results reveal a concerning state of relatively low well-being evaluation and diminished perception of justice among local populations which, we argue, lead to a deterioration of overall capabilities among local and indigenous communities. The lack of sense of justice was associated with the loss of freedom in accessing common resources, hindered cultural-spiritual practices, lack of compensation, and unresolved human-wildlife conflicts. Comparative analysis reveals variations in well-being bundles among the three communities, influenced by various factors such as the different histories of displacement and law enforcement, ethnicity, level of dependence towards forest resources, external NGO support, and the expansion of extractive industries in the area. Reflecting on these findings, this study offers insights into how justice and human well-being can be more integrated into the process of co-constructing and re-imagining future interventions aimed at improving the quality of life of local communities and promoting sustainability goals in Cameroon and beyond.

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION IN YOUNG PEOPLE AND ADOLESCENTS WITH SEXUAL HARASSMENT BEHAVIOR

Sexual harassment behaviors, using strategies of coercion, harassment and sexual intimidation, violate people's sexual freedom and are crimes punishable in accordance with current legislation. Criminal liability begins at age 16; Acts carried out up to this age, punished by law as crimes, fall under the jurisdiction of the Educational Tutelary Law, resorting to non-criminal, but liability measures. It is important to understand the extent to which cognitive distortions and empathic deficits influence sexual behavior and strategies used by the aggressor. The research typology consists of a case study; whose object of study involves a 15-year-old male teenage aggressor, who practiced sexual harassment and committed a crime of coercion, harassment and sexual intimidation of a 14-year-old teenager, with the educational guardianship law being applied with assessment measures and psychological support for 14 months. The objective is to promote changes in behavior and attitudes based on awareness and understanding of situations in which they acted in accordance with wrong beliefs. The methodology involves psychological interviews and observation in the assessment of the aggressor and cognitive-behavioral therapy in psychotherapeutic intervention. The results reveal dissonances in the discourse, signs of cognitive distortions and empathetic deficits regarding the exercise of sexuality, based on beliefs arising from sub-cultural patterns of the surrounding environment. Psychological intervention of a psycho-educational and psychotherapeutic scope ensured a change in behavior and attitudes, registering an adjustment of individual sub-cultural standards to the universal collective standards in force in the exercise of citizenship in relation to sexuality in intimate relationships.

독일의 온라인 수색과 IT 기본권

The Telegram ‘N’ Room incident that shook the Republic of Korea in March 2020 raised the need for a further investigation into digital sexual exploitation. In other words, existing methods have limitations in investigation due to the changing digital environment and the development of encryption technology, and some inevitable measures were needed to ensure national security and maintain order for serious crimes that violate people's lives and freedoms. Major countries have already legislated a system called online search in preparation for security crimes such as terrorism as well as transnational cyber crimes such as digital sex crimes. Considering the reality of cybercrime, which is difficult to investigate only with existing methods such as seizure and search, it is time to actively consider the introduction of online search. However, these actions relate to fundamental rights under the Constitution. Therefore, the authorization regulations that legislate online search must meet constitutional requirements to justify the restriction of basic rights. In this regard, in the case of Germany, an online search system was introduced in 2016, and the constitutional judgment of the Federal Constitutional Court is also published. Based on the Federal Constitutional Court's ruling, Germany judged the online search itself to be constitutional, but the Federal Criminal Investigation Agency Act and the Criminal Procedure Act were revised to supplement the contents of online search and crypto communication monitoring. Through these discussions in Germany, we will be able to gauge our direction on the introduction of online search.

Agency, the Family and the Patriarchal State in Archival Documentation of Australian Second World War Brides

AbstractThis article examines the intersecting social circumstances of Australian women's intimate, international relationships with American and other foreign allied servicemen during the Second World War, including their experiences of romance, marriage, divorce and subsequent child‐maintenance USA. We explore how the widely varying, often highly personalised, perceptions of the women's raced, classed and ethnic status, across differing legal systems, could impact not only immigration eligibility, but, especially in the case of Indigenous women, the fundamental right to marry. Immigration laws and local authorities worked in discretionary ways, shaped by a range of considerations and interactions, including class, race and gender to limit non‐white people's mobility and freedom. We demonstrate how this unprecedented larger‐scale experience of international and interracial marriage unsettles feminist arguments that underplay the intersection of issues of race, ethnicity and class with gender in the impact of the Second World War and set the scene for subsequent social changes driven by the logics of race inequality. Enlarging on earlier scholarship, we see the Second World War as a site for the ignition of changes in women's economic, cultural and political status, related here not so much to their work experiences, but to their personal and romantic lives, and also transnational raced experiences of exclusion, agency and shared knowledges.

Choice and equity: A critical analysis of multi-modal public transport services

Equity and justice have long been central in transport policy. The emphasise on the importance of individuals' access to social and economic opportunities stresses the link between accessibility and concepts like agency and freedom of choice. It calls for a nuanced and comprehensive understanding of accessibility that considers specific contextual factors that limit people's transport choices, such as the design of public transport networks and services, government interventions, and competition between public transport companies. To promote people's potential mobility and freedom of choice, it is crucial to initially assess the spatial distribution of transport options. In this article, we synthesise the findings from existing scholarship on transport choice, reinforcing the need for (re)considering choice in transport equity. We propose a metric to evaluate the availability of transport choices by considering the trade-off between time and money. By analysing household survey responses on transport choices and transit service datasets, we investigate the spatial disparities in the availability of transport choices within a multimodal public transportation system in Hong Kong and explore how adjusting unappealing choices can potentially enhance transport equity.

Empowering Voices: Building an Electronic Petition System for Strengthening Freedom of Speech in Indonesia

Currently, the issue of freedom of expression poses a significant challenge in Indonesia. Despite being a democratic nation, the scope of people's freedom of expression is largely confined to electoral processes. In order to advance this fundamental right, the implementation of an electronic petition system has been undertaken as a means to facilitate the exercise of freedom of expression. The primary objective of this research is to examine the status quo of freedom of expression in Indonesia and to analyze the pressing need for the adoption of an electronic petition system. This study employs a normative legal approach and conducts comparative analysis with the United Kingdom and Germany, utilizing secondary data sources. The findings of this research demonstrate that Indonesia would greatly benefit from the adoption of an e-democracy system through the implementation of an electronic petition system. The efficacy of such a system has been successfully demonstrated in the United Kingdom and Germany, where it has served as an effective intermediary between the public and the government, ensuring sustained public participation and influencing governmental decision-making processes. In order to implement the electronic petition system in Indonesia, several crucial steps must be undertaken. These steps include the establishment of a Petition Committee, the formulation of Petition Laws, and the official recognition of a dedicated website serving as the electronic petition platform in Indonesia. Additionally, political will and legislative enforcement will be required to ensure the Indonesian Parliament's commitment to act upon the outcomes of these petitions.

The right to sanitation in India: Realisation of what?

Abstract In the context of recent degeneration in manual scavengers in Uttar Pradesh, India, where women are forced to undergo uterus removal surgery to perform efficiently at work, this article investigates what precisely realisation of the right to sanitation in India entails. It reviews the existing literature and finds that there is a narrow conception of sanitation as an infrastructure provision that influences the conceptualisation of sanitation as a right in India. The limited understanding of sanitation impacts the livability outcomes of the individuals, specifically the Dalit manual scavengers who are subjected to insufferable circumstances. The paper argues that the evaluation of the realisation of sanitation as a right is comprehensively achieved by deploying Amartya Sen's conception of justice, given its compatibility with the human rights framework. It concerns with the reduction of human suffering. It assesses individual well-being by focusing on expanding people's freedoms and opportunities to live a life of dignity.

(364) Abortion: Genesis of an Authoritan Shift in 2022

Abstract Introduction Access to abortion is questioned in the USA. The abortion debate crystallizes in the form of a confrontation between pro and anti clans. Is it possible to get away from this rhetoric and consider that the question of abortion is that of access to care? Abortion is a social fact described since Antiquity, for this reason, States have the duty to accompany applicants. Reducing the abortion debate to the dialectic of for or against is the linguistic maneuver generating emotional activation opposing human rights. Can scientific research be an explanatory factor for social constructions relating to abortion? Our study proposes to put into perspective the end of the decriminalization of abortion with gender asymmetry in scientific analysis in reproductive health, in particular concerning induced abortion. Objective to consider abortion as a social fact to put into perspective the abortion's right and the inequality of research according to gender Methods we conducted a literature review from 07/2021 to 06/2022 with the keywords men and abortion and women and abortion introduced on Pub Med: 86 articles are referenced for men, 10 of which are relevant. 1698 references for women of which 1310 are relevant. The criterion of relevance is the reference to induced abortion. Results this literature review shows scientific research in reproductiv health concerning abortion overwhelmingly in favor of women. The scientific literature studying the man whose ephemeral partner or not is confronted with abortion constitutes less than 1% of research on abortion. Remember in this regard that the man and the woman each participate equally in fertilization Conclusions Conclusions: this work questions the imperativ of an egalitarian scientific treatment for genders in reproductiv health and particularly on abortion. Gender iinequalities in scientific research could perform heteronormativ frameworks, generating power relations and discrimination in the construction of symbolic and social representations. This dynamic of socio-scientific inequalities crystallizes in the field of law, assigning the most vulnerable to situation that violates human rights The asymmetry of gender, namely the social domination of men versus the reproductiv power of women, has a strong impact on the developpement of frameworks for the scientific analysis of fertility and sexuality: the place of men, central to sexual health, with HIV, is on the contrary marginalized in reproductiv health, excluding the man from almost the entire reproductiv mechanism. Birth control has existed since ancient times, by this means, people match societies with the limited resources of the environment in order to create a sustainable world for all living species including the human species. The logic, the contraceptive techniques sometimes fail: forcing a person to have a pregnancy, which is physically, psychologically and socially constraining, which involves risks in particular for overall health, is a serious attack on the democratic principles guaranteeing people's freedom Disclosure No

Modern Concepts of Coercion in the Theory of Law

Introduction. This article analyzes the modern concepts of coercion in the theory of law. The impact on the understanding of coercion was provided through political and legal views on the essence of the state and law. In the libertarian understanding, law is an institution within which coercion ensures freedom, and is also able to protect freedom from violations of it. In the libertarian concept, law is understood as the formal equality of free individuals and is presented as a universal form of people's freedom. And, from a psychological point of view, Hale's concept of coercion is defined as a mechanism for artifi- cially restricting choice options in order to force the chooser to make certain and undesirable choices.Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study was the following general scientific and special methods of cognition of legal phenomena and processes in the theory of law and comparative law.Research results. As a result, state coercion is defined as a mechanism that puts a person in front of the need to choose, where each of the alternatives is not favourable from the point of view of the goals and interests of the person making the choice.Discussion and conclusion. It has been established that the phenomenon of state coercion in modern discourse is considered in comparison with freedom. Attention is paid to the concepts of coercion by V.A. Chetvernin, as well as by A.S. Puchnin. In addition, the article attempts to apply the views of R. Hale to the analysis of state coercion.

The goods (and bads) of self‐employment

The goods (and bads) of <scp>self‐employment</scp>