Economic Activities Of People Research Articles

The Effect of Backyard Agriculture on Household Income in the COVID-19 Era in Southeast Nigeria

Poverty is a major menace in Nigeria, and the onset of COVID-19 complicated the issue by limiting people's economic activities and livelihoods. Thus, there is a need for households to engage in sustainable economic activities to cope with economic shocks. Backyard agriculture could play a critical role in enhancing household income, especially during economic shocks; yet there exists a dearth of empirical information on this. Hence the need for this study, which investigated the effect of backyard agriculture on household income in southeast Nigeria. The study employed a multistage sampling procedure to get to the respondents. The data collected from randomly selected 480 households were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and multiple regression. The study revealed that households that engaged in backyard agriculture had a higher income (N130,125=USD 204.84) than households that did not engage in backyard agriculture (N64,700=USD 101.85). Thus, there is a difference of N65,425 (USD 102.99) between the average income of households that engaged in backyard agriculture and households that did not engage in backyard agriculture. The t-test results indicate that the difference between their income was significant at 1%. The regression result further shows that backyard agriculture significantly increased the income level of households. Thus, backyard agriculture is a crucial tool to enhance household economic status and livelihood during health and economic shocks. Based on these, this study recommends the promotion of backyard agriculture among households to boost household income by the government through agricultural extension agents.

Evaluasi Pengawasan Wajib Pajak Online Marketplace di KPP Pratama Jakarta Pasar Rebo

Recently, people's economic activities have shifted from conventional forms to online forms or what is better known as e-commerce. This is the impact of the rapid development of information and communication technology, especially the internet. People are increasingly interested in shopping online rather than conventionally because shopping online has various advantages, such as: being practical and saving time because you don't need to come directly to the shop to get the goods/services you want, relatively cheaper prices because of the many discounts or promos offered provided, and the quality of the goods is relatively as good as those sold in regular (offline) shops. One form of e-commerce is in the form of online market places, such as: Tokopedia, Shopee, Lazada, and Bukalapak. However, the increase in trader turnover from this online market place was not followed by an increase in tax payments at KPP Pratama Jakarta Pasar Rebo (research location). The Indonesian tax system which implements self-assessment makes tax supervision and audit a tool to increase taxpayer compliance in fulfilling their tax rights and obligations. In this research, the author evaluated tax supervision at KPP Pratama Jakarta Pasar Rebo. Based on theory, there are 5 (five) factors that influence tax supervision, namely: Management Support, Regulations, Account Representatives as tax officers who carry out supervision, Taxpayers, and Information Systems. From the research results, it was found that these factors at KPP Pratama Jakarta Pasar Rebo have been in influencing tax supervision. In this regard, it is necessary to improve the quality of these factors to increase the tax supervision, so that it is hoped that by increasing the tax supervision, taxpayer’s compliance and tax revenues will also increase.

Penerapan Sistem Point Of Sale Berbasis Android Untuk Peningkatan Kinerja Usaha

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Presidential Decree No. 99 of 1988 are small-scale people's economic activities with business fields that are mostly small business activities. However, in MSMEs, there are several types of obstacles including data collection of stock of goods, transaction reports and financial statements that are not effective and efficient. Therefore, researchers want to change the way store management uses modern methods by designing a point of sale system as an android-based platform for MSMEs Established Stores. Point of Sales systems help various retail businesses make buying and selling transactions quickly, safely, and systematically. POS also includes modern cash registers commonly used in some stores or businesses. The design of this system uses technology from Firebase, namely the Realtime Database feature. The result of this study is an android-based point of sale application. Point of sale applications can simplify the management process at Established Stores. This can be seen from the system testing with the blackbox method which gets good results and all functions run well

THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT, SMEs AND COOPERATIVES IN REALIZING A PEOPLE'S ECONOMY IN INDONESIA

The populist economic system has been defeated by a liberal economic system that controls almost all countries, even though Indonesia has long known a populist-based economic system which pays attention to the culture of an Indonesian nation. Economic Democracy is taken from the values ​of the Indonesian Nation, the populist economic system has been in effect since 1998, at that time the government was determined to implement a populist economic system with the issuance of MPR Decree No. . Democracy is oriented towards development and various freedoms that are in favor of the interests of the people. people's economy is developed as an effort to further advance society. The method used is descriptive research method because this research aims to obtain answers related to one's opinions, responses or perceptions so that the discussion must be qualitative or use descriptive words. Descriptive research tries to find appropriate and adequate descriptions of all activities, objects, processes and people. The results of the study show that the concept of populist economy is carried out as a development strategy that prioritizes the welfare of the Empowerment community. populist economy can be realized by rearranging political institutions at the district level. Thus the issue of people's economic development cannot be separated from political institutions at the district level. For this reason, it must create a conducive political climate for people's economic development. SMEs, cooperatives, local and central government, food security supports the running of several people's economic activities in Indonesia, when the economic crisis hit Indonesia, large companies experienced a downfall and many went out of business, while SMEs and cooperatives remained strong and even existed at that time.

How Does Intellectual Capital Affect Micro, Small, and Medium Business Resilience During the Covid-19 Pandemic?

Many previous studies examined the relationship between Intellectual Capital (IC) and a firm’s performance, whereas most of the time, IC has been shown to affect a firm’s performance positively. However, two years during the COVID-19 pandemic differs from the ordinary years. There was a massive change in people's economic activities. Restrictions on people's movement and mobility are needed to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak. Apart from causing crises in the health sector, this pandemic also causes concerns in the social and economic sectors, including MSMEs. Therefore, this research was conducted to understand the effect of IC, including Human Capital (HC), Structural Capital (SC), and Relational Capital (RC), on MSME resilience during the pandemic period. This information is essential to formulate the best support for MSMEs in the IC context. This research is quantitative research using Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Data were collected by distributing questionnaires to 174 MSMEs in Bandung using the random sampling technique. The type of data used is cross-section data. This study found that HC and RC positively affect MSME resiliency during the pandemic, meanwhile, SC does not. This study suggests that the most appropriate form of support for MSMEs in times of crisis is to provide education and knowledge sharing which can expand the skills and knowledge of MSME businesspeople. And in addition, it is also important to support MSMEs in developing their relationships with various parties to maintain their business during the pandemic.

Criminal Sanctions Against Empty Bilyet Giro Issuers in Indonesia

Bilyet Giro is part of banking services in Indonesia carried out by conventional commercial banks. Conventional commercial banks are closely related to people's economic activities. The use of Bilyet Giro as a means of payment began to be felt by businesses, so the introduction and use of Bilyet Giro is a sign that the public knows the important role of Bilyet Giro as a means of giral payment. For issuers who issue empty bilyet giro will receive administrative sanctions in the form of inclusion of the customer's name into the Blank Giro Withdrawal Black List, and the customer is required to return the remaining unused bilyet giro blanks. The name of the customer listed in the blacklist expires, and then can be accepted again as a bank customer. However, if the issuer of an empty bilyet giro has an indication and it should be suspected that after the investigation process it turns out that there is an element of fraud, criminal sanctions can be imposed as stipulated in the Criminal Code. Guarantee of legal certainty in the application of the principle stated in Article 1 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code, namely that a person can only be punished for his actions, if criminal sanctions for those actions have been regulated in advance in the Law. No matter how evil an act is, it will not be punishable if there is no law prohibiting it and mentions its sanctions. (Article 1 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code).

Development of Coastal Tourism to Increase People's Economic Activities (Study on the Community Around Namalatu Beach of Latuhalat Country)

This research is a qualitative descriptive research that aims to find out how to develop coastal tourism to improve the economy of the people around Namalatu Beach, Negeri Latuhalat. This research was carried out at Namalatu Negeri Latuhalat Beach Tourism Object, Ambon City. Primary data collection was carried out through interviews with a number of informants who were directly involved in the Namalatu Beach Tourism Object. The results of this study indicate that the development of coastal tourism to improve the people's economy is not only the responsibility of coastal communities but also good support from the government as a provider of facilities as well as interdependence and cooperation between the government and the community to develop better local tourism objects so that they can improve the economy of the community around the tourist attraction and also increase regional income.

Sapar Alliance Movement (Syarekat Perjuangan Rakyat) Against Geothermal Project In Padarincang Prakasak Mountain

Mount Prakasak is a protected forest located in Batukuwung village, Padarincang district, Serang Regency, Banten Province which has the potential for geothermal energy to be used as electricity. This study aims to describe the rejection of the Padarincang community who are members of the SAPAR (Syarekat Perjuangan rakyat) alliance movement against the development of geothermal projects. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection through interviews, observation, and documentation. This research shows that the Padarincang community who are members of the SAPAR alliance reject the construction of geothermal projects because they can damage the preservation of nature. Ecological damage due to geothermal exploration and exploitation activities that damage forests and is feared to cause significant natural damage that affects people's economic activities from the agricultural sector.

Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) Model of Bandung Regency Food Security during the Covid-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on changes in people's economic activities, leading to an increase in the poverty rate. This has an impact on people's ability to obtain safe and sufficient food. The food security status of the city/district does not always guarantee that each individual is food secure because each region has different characteristics. The diversity of each village has the effect of variance in food security results. This study aims to model the influence of the Covid-19 Pandemic and food security indicators in Bandung Regency using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). This research was conducted in Bandung Regency in 280 villages. The design used in this research is descriptive quantitative. The data source used was secondary data on food security in Bandung Regency. The results showed that the influence of the percentage of the population infected with Covid-19 on food security was greatest in the southern area of Bandung Regency, and the value of the Local R2 coefficient of the influence of indicators in the calculation of the food security composite was highest in Nagreg District.

Settlement of Online Loan Agreement Disputes in the Event of the Debtor Dies

The current development of information and communication technology has an impact on people's economic activities, one of which is the activity of borrowing money. Borrowing and borrowing money that was originally carried out conventionally, now many have switched to online lending and borrowing activities. However, in its activities, there are problems experienced by creditors (lenders) related to settlement of obligations if the debtor (lender) dies before the repayment period. This happens because in the observed online lending and borrowing money agreements, many do not include the form of settlement of obligations if the debtor (loan recipient) dies. The issues raised in this study are how legal protection is for creditors in online money lending agreements in the event that the debtor dies and what forms of dispute resolution efforts are made in online money lending and borrowing agreements in the event that the debtor dies. This research method uses a normative legal research type with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of this study indicate that the form of legal protection for creditors in online money-lending agreements in the event that the debtor dies is through preventive protection (applying the 5C principle and every transaction using an escrow account and virtual account), while repressive protection (organizers help through billing units, assist in mediation, make complaints). And efforts to resolve disputes can be done through non-litigation (outside court) and litigation (in court).

Pengolahan Sampah Plastik Menjadi Bahan Bakar Minyak dengan Menggunakan Proses Pirolisis

The use of plastic is increasing along with the development of people's economic activities. The problem of plastic waste is still a big scourge in this modern life even though it has been recycled in such a way. Therefore, it is necessary to have a further processing process. One of them is by going through the pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis is the process of decomposition of a material at high temperatures that takes place in the absence of limited air or air. The purpose of this study is to provide solutions for how to treat plastic waste and to find out the % yield on the fuel oil produced. The research method carried out is plastic waste cleaned, dried in the sun then pyrolyzed, oil yield measured in volume and then calculated % yield using the % yield formula. The results of this study show that the highest % yield at a temperature of 400 oC is 5.0410%, t = 40 minutes, v = 39 ml. Because if the raw material for plastic waste is processed using high temperatures, the carbon chain will be easier to break or break the bond. Where the yield produced is increasing along with the increase in reaction temperature.

Digitalization of Zakat in Stimulating Community Socio-Economic Development in the Middle of the Covid-19 Pandemic (Maqashid Syariah Perspective)

The Covid-19 pandemic seems to have harmed people's lives, especially in social and economic aspects. The Islamic finance sector can solve these problems because, in principle, Islamic economics aims to achieve public welfare. Zakat, infaq, alms and waqf is one form of activity in Islamic economics, which is part of the form of compulsory worship and advice from Allah SWT. Previous studies have stated that the management and distribution of zakat, from direct assistance to community empowerment assistance, is effective in helping improve the community's social and economic welfare. Applying zakat with the community's principles and returning to the community can encourage economic equity, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, like today, where many people's economic activities are hampered. The digital zakat system is a breakthrough to increase the effectiveness of the management and distribution of zakat to the community. The digitization of zakat also makes it easier for the community to distribute zakat obligations. Coordination from various parties, such as the government, zakat institutions and academics, is needed in developing the zakat digitization system to achieve maximum results. With the application of Maqashid Syariah in managing digital zakat, it is hoped that zakat can be right on target in meeting human needs.

СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО ВОЕННОЙ УКРЕПЛЕННОЙ ЛИНИИ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ ПАВЛОДАРСКОГО КРАЯ В XVIII В. И ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ РУССКОЙ ТОПОНИМИИ В КРАЕ

The settlement of the northeastern region by the non-ethnic Russian population was a long process, which included the systematic advance of the Cossack and peasant population into the Kazakh steppe, which led to the appearance of specifc Slavic toponyms. Toponymic names refect these processes as in a mirror. So already in the frst quarter of the XVIII century. a number of military fortifcations were built in the Irtysh region, which became part of the Irtysh military line. By the middle of the XVIII century, the Russian Empire had built entire lines of military fortifcations that covered the Kazakh Steppe with a huge horseshoe: Guryev - Uralsk - Verkhneuralsk - Troitsk - Zverinogolovskaya - Omsk - Ust-Kamenogorsk, which opened up opportunities for further advancement into the depths of the steppe. This article discusses some problems: geographical names are evidence and chronicle of historical events. They refect and capture the history of the settlement of the territory and the economic activity of people, ancient migrations and interethnic contacts, the areas of ethnic groups, historical milestones of the protection of territories from external enemies, heroic deeds of ancestors who defended their native land, etc.

How does intellectual capital affect MSME business resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Many previous studies examined the relationship between Intellectual Capital (IC) and a firm’s performance, whereas most of the time, IC has been shown to affect a firm’s performance positively. However, two years during the COVID-19 pandemic differs from the ordinary years. There was a massive change in people's economic activities. Restrictions on people's movement and mobility are needed to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak. Apart from causing crises in the health sector, this pandemic also causes concerns in the social and economic sectors, including MSMEs. Therefore, this research was conducted to understand the effect of IC, including Human Capital (HC), Structural Capital (SC), and Relational Capital (RC), on MSME resilience during the pandemic period. This information is essential to formulate the best support for MSMEs in the IC context. This research is quantitative research using Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Data were collected by distributing questionnaires to 174 MSMEs in Bandung using the random sampling technique. The type of data used is cross-section data. This study found that HC and RC positively affect MSME resiliency during the pandemic, meanwhile, SC does not. This study suggests that the most appropriate form of support for MSMEs in times of crisis is to provide education and knowledge sharing which can expand the skills and knowledge of MSME businesspeople. And in addition, it is also important to support MSMEs in developing their relationships with various parties to maintain their business during the pandemic.

ANALYSIS OF THE METHODS OF STABILITY CALCULATING OF LANDSLIDE SLOPES

Purpose. Analysis of the methods of stability calculating of landslide slopes and their further development in European normative documents. Methodology. Variants of methods for calculating the stability of slopes by different authors are considered. Various definitions of the functional were adopted in variational methods, and then the minimum was found. In M. M. Gersevanov’s method, the functional was the sum of horizontal forces that acted on an array of hypothetical soil. In the method of Y. I. Solovyov, the functional is the ratio of the work of the forces that maintain the slope to the work of the forces that shift to the movement. In Kopashi’s method, it is the sum of vertical loads that act on the sliding surface in a loose medium. In the abbreviated Terzaghi’s method, the minimum ratio of the moment of the holding forces to the moment of the forces that shift the slope is sought. Findings. Domestic and foreign scientists have successfully studied the strength and stability of slopes. This is a complex task determined by the need to simultaneously take into account two main factors: relief and gravitational force. The basis for determining the stability of slopes is the idea that the stressed state of rocks in the upper part of the earth’s crust is formed by universally acting gravitational and tectonic forces. The relief of the earth’s surface makes a significant contribution to the redistribution of stresses. Originality. Eurocode 7 recommends the possibility of performing a preliminary calculation of the natural slope using characteristic values, which gives an approximate idea of ​​the value of the overall reliability factor before the start of design. Practical value. Areas located directly on slopes are often used as construction sites. The bases for the foundations of buildings and structures are soil massifs that are in difficult engineering and geological conditions. Landslides are a geological process that occurs on any part of a slope or slope as a result of a disturbance in the balance of rocks when the steepness of the slope increases as a result of water washing, the weakening of the strength of rocks due to weathering or rewetting by precipitation and groundwater, the effect of seismic shocks, construction and economic activities of people. Determining the stability factor is a necessary condition for concluding that the slopes can be used for construction.

The Community Economic Activity in the Use of Cultural Tourism as a Tourist Attraction in North Sumatra

Indonesia as a country with a diversity of tribes that reach 300 ethnic groups, makes Indonesia rich in a variety of cultures derived from customs, ways of life, arts, and historical relics at a certain time. North Sumatra, which has 11 (eleven) ethnicities or tribes, is a cultural resource that has the potential to be developed into tourist attractions ranging from the uniqueness of traditional houses, traditional arts, cultural heritage sites, and traditional specialties. This study aims to analyze the economic activities of the community and analyze the needs of tourist services for tourism businesses in the use of cultural tourism as a tourist attraction in North Sumatra, in various fields of tourism business. The research location is in cultural attractions in 5 (five) regencies in North Sumatra, namely: Langkat, Batubara, Padang Lawas Utara, Karo, and Humbang Hasundutan, from August to November 2021. Data collection was carried out by conducting observations, document studies, interviews and dissemination of questionnaires. The data is analyzed using domain analysis and taxonomic analysis. This study concluded that the economic activities of the community with the use of cultural tourism as a tourist attraction in North Sumatra are very diverse even though they have not grown and developed in each cultural tourist attraction. Likewise, the needs of tourist services for tourism businesses in the location of cultural attractions are very diverse, both types and levels of needs, and can grow and develop people's economic activities. Keywords: Community, Cultural Tourism, Economic Activity, North Sumatra

Amphibi House Sebagai Mitigasi Banjir Rob di Daerah Pesisir Belawan Bagan Deli

Generally, tidal flooding that comes every day to belawan Bagan Deli beach is a serious problem. Many of the causes of this tidal flood include global warming, seawater at high tide, and poor drainage due to the large piles of garbage. The tide level reached 2.7 meters from the current sea level, and people's economic activities stopped for a while. The pile of garbage caused the surrounding houses to become shabby and dirty. This study aims to obtain a home design solution in anticipation of high tide due to tidal flooding that enters residents' homes with the concept of floating houses in the Bagan Deli area. The research method uses the floating foundation engineering design method by using a floating system on the foundation (base) of the house and the connection on the pole so that the house remains in place (fixed position). The results of this study will be conveyed back to the community and local government to improve the quality of life of the people in the Bagan Deli Belawan area.

Perancangan Sistem Pemantau Keamanan Rumah Dengan Sensor Pir dan Kamera Berbasis Mikrokontroler dan Internet Of Things (Iot)

The recent increase in crime is wrong a result of the economic crisis. Especially during the Covid-19 outbreak, people's economic activities were limited. Apart from the health sector, the Covid-19 outbreak has affected the economic sector, especially the sustainability of activities and income. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has led to a potential increase in crime due to economic demand pressures, in 2020 the number of theft and theft with violence in households is 1,628,634. This final project aims to design a Home Security Monitoring system with Pir Sensors and Microcontroller-Based Cameras and the Internet of Things using the ESP32-CAM type as a microcontroller for the control center. The PIR sensor functions to send notifications to users when it detects movement, then the OV2640 camera will take photos and videos and then send the results to the operator via smartphone using the Telegram bot application to monitor activities at home. This test results that the maximum distance that can be detected by objects is 6 meters. Testing the entire system that has been carried out proves that the system is able to work in detecting, recording and sending the results to the user. The time required for sending object detection photos and videos is 4.7 seconds and 40.7 seconds.

DETERMINANT FACTORS OF AIR QUALITY: EMPIRICAL STUDY IN JAVA ISLAND

Air pollution is one of several environmental problems faced by several countries in the world, including Indonesia. Air pollution caused many environmental problems such as global warming and climate change. Air pollution increased due to human activity and economic development. Economic activities such as industry, infrastructure development to community mobility can affect air quality in an area. The study aimed to analyze the impact of income per capita, transportation, and population on the air quality of six provinces in Java Island. This study obtained data from the National Statistic Central Bureau and the Ministry of Forestry websites from the year 2013-to 2019. This study was using a quantitative method through the regression model with panel data to achieve the research's goals. The result showed that the variable of income per capita has negative effects on air quality. The variable of income per capita is described by the economic activity of people in Java Island. The results of this study indicate that the economic activities of people in Java Island still have a negative impact on the environment, especially on the air quality. The opposite result was obtained from transportation and population variables that have a positive effect on air quality in the six provinces in Java Island from 2013 to 2019.

Indentifikasi Peluang Usaha pada Objek Wisata Pulau Kumayan oleh Masyarakat RT.12 RW.04 Kel. Surabaya Kec. Sungai Serut Kota Bengkulu

The Kumayan Island tourist attraction is very close to the community members of RT.12 RW.04 Kel.Surabaya Kec.Sungai Serut, Bengkulu City, where the existence of this tourism object has aroused the interest of some people to open a business. The community of RT.12 realizes that the tourism sector is considered capable of having a positive impact on driving people's economic activities, although the pandemic is still hitting Indonesia and has an unfavorable impact on the tourism sector, it does not dampen the desire of people who want to open businesses around the Kumayan Island Bengkulu tourist attraction. In the Kumayan Island tourist attraction, there are already several tourism supporting businesses, especially businesses in the culinary fields, souvenirs and games. But the diversity has not been seen, the average business actor sells similar goods, so there is not enough variety. While one of the attractions of tourism is the culinary diversity that is around the location of the tourist attraction. For this reason, it is necessary to identify business opportunities. With the bridge by the Faculty of Economics Service Team, a training was held on the identification of business opportunities at the Kuwayan Island tourism object, Bengkulu City, in the Community of Rt.12. From the results of this training, the people who are participants gain new enthusiasm and can understand how to empower the potential and opportunities that exist so that they have an economic impact on the community and make the Kumayan Bengkulu Island tourist attraction even better in the future.