Degree Of People Research Articles

A novel community development algorithm and its application to optimize main steam temperature of supercritical units

This paper summarizes the community where people live development laws and proposes a novel meta-heuristic called community development algorithm (CDA). To enhance the optimization process, CDA innovatively designed two unique attraction effects based on the degree of people’s direct contribution to society and abstracted four novel inter-particle learning ways based on people’s four social activities: Marriage, Entrepreneurship, Working, and University. Theoretically, it is demonstrated that CDA can satisfactorily balance the exploration and the exploitation stages, and necessary and sufficient conditions for CDA convergence are derived. The 59 functions of Congress on Evolutionary Computation 2014 and 2017 are introduced as the benchmark. Under the pressure of other 32 well-known meta-heuristics, statistical results, including averages, standard deviations, rank-sum tests, and sign-rank tests, as well as graphical results, including convergence curves and box plots, confirm that CDA is competent for solving numerical optimization problems with efficiency and reliability. Significantly, the quantitative analysis demonstrated that CDA’s average ranking is ahead of the emperor penguin optimizer by 73.5% while ahead of the fully informed search algorithm by 62.1%, respectively. Additionally, the scalability and fastness of CDA are validated by scalability and wall clock time analysis, and the classical application of Congress on Evolutionary Computation 2011 demonstrates the outstanding accuracy and stability of CDA. Finally, CDA is utilized to optimize the controller parameter in the main steam temperature control system of the supercritical unit. The control response curves show that CDA generally provides better parameters than compared algorithms, demonstrating the merits and potential to solve complex real-world engineering problems.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor blockade impairs islet secretion and glucose metabolism in humans.

BACKGROUNDProglucagon can be processed to glucagon-like peptide1 (GLP-1) within the islet, but its contribution to islet function in humans remains unknown. We sought to understand whether pancreatic GLP-1 alters islet function in humans and whether this is affected by type 2 diabetes.METHODSWe therefore studied individuals with and without type 2 diabetes on two occasions in random order. On one occasion, exendin 9-39, a competitive antagonist of the GLP-1 Receptor (GLP1R), was infused, while on the other, saline was infused. The tracer dilution technique ([3-3H] glucose) was used to measure glucose turnover during fasting and during a hyperglycemic clamp.RESULTSExendin 9-39 increased fasting glucose concentrations; fasting islet hormone concentrations were unchanged, but inappropriate for the higher fasting glucose observed. In people with type 2 diabetes, fasting glucagon concentrations were markedly elevated and persisted despite hyperglycemia. This impaired suppression of endogenous glucose production by hyperglycemia.CONCLUSIONThese data show that GLP1R blockade impairs islet function, implying that intra-islet GLP1R activation alters islet responses to glucose and does so to a greater degree in people with type 2 diabetes.TRIAL REGISTRATIONThis study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04466618.FUNDINGThe study was primarily funded by NIH NIDDK DK126206. AV is supported by DK78646, DK116231 and DK126206. CDM was supported by MIUR (Italian Minister for Education) under the initiative "Departments of Excellence" (Law 232/2016).

1547-P: The Differential Effect of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Blockade on Glucose Metabolism in People With and Without Type 2 Diabetes

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) is present within the islet but the effects of GLP-1 Receptor (GLP1R) blockade on islet function in humans remains unknown. To address this, we studied 12 nondiabetic individuals (54 ± 2 years, 33 ± 1 kg/m2) and 11 people with type 2 diabetes (DM2 - 58 ± 2 years, 34 ± 2 kg/m2) on 2 occasions in random order. On each occasion, after an overnight fast, [3-3H] glucose was used to measure glucose turnover during fasting and a hyperglycemic clamp (~9 mmol/l) using the tracer dilution technique. On one occasion exendin-9,39 (300pmol/kg/min) was infused to block GLP1R, while on the other saline was infused. Exendin-9,39 increased fasting glucose concentrations in those without (4.6 ± 0.4 vs. 5.5 ± 0.1 mmol/l, saline vs. exendin-9,39 respectively, p = 0.04) and in those with DM2 (7.3 ± 0.5 vs. 8.3 ± 0.6 mmol/l, p = 0.03). Fasting islet hormone concentrations were unchanged, but inappropriate for the higher fasting glucose observed during exendin-9,39 infusion. The same pattern was seen in people with DM2 except that fasting glucagon concentrations increased (8.3 ± 0.5 vs. 10.2 ± 0.6 pmol/l, p < 0.01) and remained elevated throughout hyperglycemia (4.7 ± 0.4 vs. 7.7 ± 0.6 pmol/l, p < 0.02). Insulin secretion rate calculated by deconvolution of C-peptide concentrations was also decreased in DM2 (0.54 ± 0.08 vs. 0.51 ± 0.08 nmol/min, p = 0.02). Consequently, suppression of endogenous glucose production by hyperglycemia was impaired in people with DM2 (2.9 ± 0.4 vs. 5.7 ± 0.3 μmol/kg/min, p < 0.01). Intriguingly, 1st phase response to hyperglycemia was decreased in those without DM2 (3.5 ± 0.6 vs. 2.5 ± 0.5 nmol per 10 min, p = 0.04). These data show that in humans, GLP1R blockade impairs fasting α- and β-cell function resulting in fasting hyperglycemia. Subtle effects are also present in response to hyperglycemia. This implies that intra-islet GLP1R activation sustains islet responses to glucose and it does so to a greater degree in people with DM2. Disclosure A.A. Welch: None. R.A. Farahani: None. M. Zeini: None. A.M. Egan: None. M.C. Laurenti: None. C. Cobelli: None. C. Dalla Man: Research Support; Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Becton, Dickinson and Company. A. Vella: Other Relationship; Novo Nordisk. Advisory Panel; Rezolute, Inc. Consultant; Crinetics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd., Zealand Pharma A/S. Funding National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK126206)

Kidney Disease Patient Representation in Trials of Combination Therapy With VEGF-Signaling Pathway Inhibitors and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review

Kidney Disease Patient Representation in Trials of Combination Therapy With VEGF-Signaling Pathway Inhibitors and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review

Public knowledge and awareness of the conservation of the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) along the central coast of Peru

Abstract Although the coastal common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus is under legal protection, this species is threatened by bycatch and direct hunting along the Peruvian coast. Species conservation can be better achieved if communities are empowered with knowledge and actions to mitigate negative impacts on vulnerable species. Thus, it is important to understand people's degree of knowledge about a species and its conservation issues. This study evaluated the knowledge and perception of aspects of the biology, ecology and conservation status of the common bottlenose dolphin in coastal communities along the central coast of Peru. Structured questionnaires were completed by 197 people, and seven people participated in open‐ended interviews in January 2022. Most respondents were knowledgeable of the distribution and ecology of common bottlenose dolphins. Seventy per cent of those surveyed were aware of some threats to this species. Some respondents were eager to take part in actions that would aid in the conservation of the species. However, 69.5% (n = 137) were unfamiliar with the word ‘bycatch’. Charismatic species can engage the public in conservation actions. This research shows that common bottlenose dolphin can be used as a flagship species for marine conservation. It is important to actively involve all stakeholders, particularly fishers, in conservation efforts and the measures that need to be taken to improve common bottlenose dolphin conservation.

Factors promoting alliance quality: Differentiation of therapeutic alliance according to the formal aspects of the psychotherapeutic process and demographic variables

Background and ObjectivesThe study's main aim was to determine which formal aspects of psychotherapy (therapist's work experience, number of sessions held, frequency of meetings, length of sessions) contributed to the quality of the therapeutic (working) alliance. The alliance was also analyzed for demographic variables. MethodsThe sample consisted of 428 participants, and the working alliance was evaluated in 262 psychotherapist–patient dyads. To assess its quality, the author used the full version of the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI). ResultsThe analyzes led to several conclusions. Their results indicate that the quality of working alliance increases if psychotherapy is conducted by an experienced specialist, if the frequency of sessions is high, and if the sessions are longer. They do not, however, pinpoint the demographic markers of therapeutic alliance quality. ConclusionThe formal aspects of the psychotherapeutic process influence the quality of the working alliance. Alliance develops to an equal degree in people of different ages and with diverse levels of education, regardless of the presence or absence of close interpersonal relationships in their lives.

Understanding place attachment in temporary public space through noematic-noetic synthesis

To create a successful temporary public space that can sustain in dealing with the contemporary changes, particularly during this pandemic era which is full of uncertainty, the degree of people’s attachment to that place should be maintained. It is simply because the more the public space is needed, the more users will use the space, and a sense of belonging will grow to help maintain its sustainability afterward. The temporality aspect of time, nevertheless, can affect the growth of a person’s place attachment. Using Husserl’s phenomenological analysis of noema and noesis, this qualitative study intends to understand the place attachment development in one of the notorious temporary public spaces in Indonesia, a Ramadan street market, particularly in Batam. Direct observation and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the data regarding the theoretical framework of place attachment obtained from the literature review. This study reveals that, through the noematic synthesis, the external dimensions (physical characteristic) most likely lead to functional attachment or place dependence. Whilst through the noetic synthesis, the psychological attachment or place identity of the temporary public space can be influenced by the internal dimensions of place attachment (social intercourse, social cohesion, and social symbol).

Frailty and Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing in Older People with Polypharmacy: A Bi-Directional Relationship?

Frail older adults commonly experience multiple co-morbid illnesses and other risk factors for potentially inappropriate prescribing. However, determination of frailty varies depending on the frailty instrument used. Older people’s degree of frailty often influences their care and treatment priorities. Research investigating the association between frailty and potentially inappropriate prescribing is hindered by a wide variety of frailty definitions and measurement tools. We undertook a narrative review of selected articles of PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Articles were selected on the basis of relevance to the core themes of frailty and potentially inappropriate prescribing. We identified observational studies that clearly link potentially inappropriate prescribing, potential prescribing omissions, and adverse drug reactions with frailty in older adults. Equally, the literature illustrates that measured frailty in older adults predisposes to inappropriate polypharmacy and associated adverse drug reactions and events. In essence, there is a bi-directional relationship between frailty and potentially inappropriate prescribing, the underlying substrates being multimorbidity and inappropriate polypharmacy. We conclude that there is a need for consensus on rapid and accurate identification of frailty in older people using appropriate and user-friendly methods for routine clinical practice as a means of identifying older multimorbid patients at risk of potentially inappropriate prescribing. Detection of frailty should, we contend, lead to structured screening for inappropriate prescribing in this high-risk population. Of equal importance, detection of potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people should trigger screening for frailty. All clinicians undertaking a medication review of multimorbid patients with associated polypharmacy should take account of the important interaction between frailty and potentially inappropriate prescribing in the interest of minimizing patient harm.

ASSESSING THE SPATIAL VARIATION OF URBAN QUALITY OF LIFE IN BASRAH GOVERNATE, SOUTH OF IRAQ

The Quality of life (QoL) is the degree to which a person's well-being in his economic and social life, which is what other concepts are development, progress, improvement, and satisfying needs. This concept measures the level of satisfaction with the most critical aspects of an individual's life. It may mean access to services, opportunities, job education and health, sustainable environment, social cohesion, safety, and security. This research aims to measure the variation in the quality of urban life and the degree of people's satisfaction with their lives in major cities of Basra Governorate (Basrah, Abu Al-Khaseeb, Al-Faw, Al-Midaina, Al-Qurna, Shatt Al-Arab, and AlZubair ). The research adopted the method of the field study, through a questionnaire form that was distributed to a sample of the families of these cities, and the form included (3) indicators and (15) variables, and the answers quantitative weights in an attempt to construct a quantitative measure for the subject of the research. The results showed that the population's satisfaction about various aspects of their urban life, ranging from very weak to weak.

Measuring the degree of people’s risk perception in event tourism

Measuring the degree of people’s risk perception in event tourism

Level of nutrition knowledge personal trainer in West java

Personal Trainer (PT) has a significant role in educating the community, including Nutrition Knowledge (NK). However, not all PT has a good NK. This research was conducted to determine how many PT with good NK are material for stakeholder evaluation to raise the level of Nutrition Knowledge in the broader community. Research is undertaken with survey methods, a type of quantitative descriptive. The study subjects were obtained by purposive sampling technique, obtaining 187 samples. To get NK, used Body Composition, Metabolism, and Dietary Requirements Questionnaire, there are 21 questions adapted from previous research. Furthermore, the data is obtained from the results of questionnaires that have been filled out independently by the subject through a google form. The results of research data are processed statistically using SPPS version 25. The subjects consisted of 187 participants with an average age of 27 years. The results showed that the study subjects' NK was in poor condition based on statistical test results. The level of NK that has not been optimal in the PT environment is a significant concern for improving competence and support to maximize NK to improve the Indonesian people's degree of health. The results of this study can be a suggestion and evaluation for policy stakeholders because there need to be improvements from policies that encourage the emergence of NK increases in the PT.

Analysis of the New Phenomenon of the Interaction between Literature and News Communication from the Perspective of New Media

With the rapid development of China’ s economy and society, the field of new media has emerged. New media appears new phenomenon in the interaction between words and news transmission. However, the emergence of new media has impacted the traditional media to a certain extent and changed the way and degree of people ’ s acceptance of information. In the process of research, this paper studies the current situation of interaction between literature and news communication in the new field, providing research reference for related fields and scholars, and promoting the development of the industry.

COVID‐19‐Related Knowledge, Protective Behaviors and the Moderating Role of Primary Sources of Information: Findings from a Cross‐Sectional Online Survey in the United States

Research ObjectiveTo assess the moderating effects of primary sources of COVID‐19 information on the association between knowledge and protective behaviors against COVID‐19.Study DesignThis is a secondary analysis of data from a cross‐sectional online COVID‐19 survey conducted among US adults in April 2020 using advertisement‐based recruitment on social media. A total of 6518 people completed the survey. Linear regression analysis was performed on COVID‐19 knowledge and protective behavior scores. An interaction term between knowledge and primary source of information was included in order to examine any moderating effects of the information source on the relationship between knowledge and protective behaviors. The analysis was adjusted for demographic and socio‐economic factors and was conducted using R software (version 3.6.3).Population StudiedAdult population (age > 18) living in the United States.Principal FindingsOverall, higher level of COVID‐19‐related knowledge was associated with higher level of self‐reported engagement in protective behaviors. More specifically, our results indicate that the primary source of information modified the association between knowledge and protective behaviors. The most effective sources of information to translate incremental knowledge into higher engagement in protective behaviors were interpersonal communication and social media. Official sources such US government, CDC, and WHO websites had significantly weaker effects. Our results also showed that respondents with lower knowledge scores preferred social media or interpersonal communication as their primary source for seeking COVID‐19‐related information.ConclusionsThis study shows the important role that the different COVID‐19 information sources can play on influencing people's engagement in protective behaviors while delivering the COVID‐19‐related knowledge.Implications for Policy or PracticeOverflowing information and misinformation are influencing people's degree of engagement in protective behaviors against COVID‐19. Policy makers should carefully monitor the use of different information sources by the public so that they can effectively target, influence decision‐making, and promote behavior change to fight the current pandemic and the infodemic concurrently.

Stimulus temporal uncertainty balances intersensory dominance.

Vision is typically dominant over audition or touch in human adults. One classic example is the Colavita visual dominance effect: The presentation of a tone sometimes goes undetected when it is paired with a flash even though it is well detected when presented alone. We investigated whether the Colavita visual dominance effect is modulated by stimulus uncertainty in the temporal and spatial domains. In a simple discrimination task, participants were asked to press a predesignated key when detecting a flash, another key when detecting a tone, and both keys when detecting both a flash and a tone. Temporal uncertainty was increased by introducing temporal jitter between trials (Experiment 1), and spatial uncertainty was increased by shifting the flash to different locations (Experiment 2). The Colavita visual dominance effect was reduced when temporal uncertainty was increased, while it remained similar when spatial uncertainty was increased. We therefore demonstrate a novel consideration, where increasing temporal uncertainty balances the competition between vision and audition, suggesting that people's degree of sensory dominance is malleable. Our result therefore highlights the concept that intersensory competition is susceptible to the temporal predictability of the stimulus, which provides critical insights into the design of effective warning systems in the field of ergonomics.

Research on Automatic Color Enhancement Method of Interior Wall Drawing Pattern Based on Sparse Representation Assisted by Matlab Software

There are many ways to express art. Everyone has different views on the understanding of any kind of art form. As a new form of art combining personalized expression and typical design, the art of wall painting plays a positive role in the progress of interior design in recent years. Its wide use can be seen in the degree of people’s love for this way of expression. Moreover, with the continuous prosperity of computer Matlab simulation technology, the research of color automatic enhancement scheme based on sparse representation pattern has become a new situation of art evaluation and appreciation of interior wall painting[1].

Linking trust, performance, and governance quality: what can explain the incongruity?

ABSTRACT Country-representative surveys indicate that several countries have higher institutional trust despite lower institutional performance and weak governance. To understand this puzzle, the current study explores the role of people's degree of assertiveness (low vs high) in determining institutional trust in 32 African countries and finds that less assertive people have higher institutional trust. The study also finds that people with lower assertiveness tend to believe there are less governance-related problems; for example, less corruption. Further, people with lower assertiveness rate the performance of their government more highly when evaluating indicators such as ‘management of economy’ and ‘reduction of crime’.

The Phenomenon of Conscience in Social Work

The Phenomenon of Conscience in Social Work

Blinding Curiosity: Exploring Preferences for ""Blinding"" One’s Own Judgment

Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings includes abstracts of all papers and symposia presented at the annual conference, plus 6-page abridged versions of the “Best Papers” accepted for inclusion in the program (approximately 10%). Papers published in the Proceedings are abridged because presenting papers at their full length could preclude subsequent journal publication. Please contact the author(s) directly for the full papers. Blinding Curiosity: Exploring Preferences for ""Blinding"" One’s Own JudgmentSean Barrett Fath, Richard Paul Larrick and Jack SollSean Barrett FathILR at Cornell , Richard Paul LarrickDuke U. and Jack SollDuke U. Published Online:29 Jul 2020https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2020.21761abstractAboutSections ToolsDownload CitationsAdd to favoritesTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail AbstractWe investigate people's degree of preference for ""blinding"" in decision-making: purposefully restricting the information one sees in order to form a more accurate evaluation. For example, when grading her students’ papers, a professor might choose to ""blind"" herself to students’ names by anonymizing them, and thus evaluate the papers on content alone. We hypothesize that most people will consider blinding the appropriate choice in hypothetical evaluation contexts but will be less likely to choose to be blind when placed in real evaluation contexts. We find support for this hypothesis across four pre-registered studies (N = 3,273). Further, we demonstrate how choosing to see potentially biasing information (rather than to be blind to it) can make decision-makers susceptible to bias in their decisions. Finally, we present evidence that curiosity, fairness, and accuracy are competing motivations in blinding decisions and test the effectiveness of two interventions to increase people’s preference for blinding." FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Vol. 2020, No. 1 Permissions Metrics Downloaded 0 times in the past 12 months History Published online 29 July 2020 Published in print 1 August 2020 InformationCopyright of Academy of Management Journal is the property of Academy of Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder’s express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.KeywordsAOM Annual Meeting Proceedings 2020

REALIZABILITY OF PERSONAL VALUES AT DIFFERENT LEVEL OF TOLERANCE FOR AMBIGUITY

Drawing on the idea of the need for a balance of external and internal ambiguity, we proposed a hypothesis that the difference in meaning types of values is defined by the degree of barrier-feasibility of meaning-formation processes in the context of the realization of personal values in life. This assumption was checked by comparing the contrasting groups on tolerance for ambiguity (n = 59 and n = 60). These groups were created on the basis of data from 227 respondents collected with D. McLain's Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance Scale (MSTAT). The realizability and barrier indices for twelve terminal values (M. Rokich) and the individual realizability indices of the values of each participant were compared. Higher realizability of personal values was found in highly tolerant subjects. Among low-tolerance subjects levels of barrier values were higher. We identified values, the meaning types of which differ to the greatest and least degree in people with different levels of tolerance for ambiguity. The data obtained deepens the understanding of the cycles of human existential interaction with the world.

Modelling flood-prone area and vulnerability using integration of multi-criteria analysis and HAND model in the Ogun River Basin, Nigeria

ABSTRACT In this study, a GIS-based integration of multi-criteria analysis and the Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND) terrain model was adopted to delineate potential flood hazard zones and vulnerability of the Ogun River Basin, Nigeria. Flood causative factors were used as input for multi-criteria analysis using an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and weighted overlay in ArcGIS 10.5 to generate potential flood hazard zones. The flood hazard map was overlaid with demographic population data to identify areas where vulnerable people and assets are located. The results show the varying degree of people’s susceptibility to flood hazards. Flood hazard zones were classified into Very High, High, Moderate, Low and Very Low, with area coverage of 1269.40, 14139.50, 7188.40, 17.41 and 0.85 km2, respectively (occupied by 466 290, 355 542, 69 554, 231 and 54 people, respectively). This study serves as a preliminary guide for early warning and policy decision-making for flood disaster risk reduction.