Christianization Of Peoples Research Articles

Socio-Religious Visionaries in Bulgaria (1920–1950s): the Christo Oustabachieff Case

The article is a case study of the life, work and ideas of the Bulgarian political and religious figure Christo Oustabachieff (1871–1953). Beginning his career as a financial official, political activist and founder of one of the first xenophobic organizations, after the First World War he devoted himself entirely to religious activities: he founded the “Good Samaritan” Religious Society (1921), became leader and ideologist of the Orthodox Holy Society for Spiritual Renewal of the Bulgarian people (1924), of the "Greater (Peaceful) Bulgaria" Union (Political Party) (1926–1944), of the "St. John of Rila” National Defense Organization (1933) and of the Slavic-Bulgarian People's Christian Union (1945–1953). His ideas have a religious and political character and represent a prototype of the Christian Democratic tradition in Bulgaria. In the context of the post-WW1 crisis and the widespread of the New Religious Movements, he declared himself a spiritual leader and initially guided his numerous followers with oral prophecies, revelations and dreams. Developed in the 1930s in written messages, they acquired an eclectic character, uniting religious fundamentalism, messianism and prophetism. Oustabachieff 's political visions in the 1930s–1940s were strongly influenced by authoritarianism, nationalism, xenophobia, and anti-Semitism. Their core was an idea of a Slavic monarchy – based on Christian Democratic values, a future center of a Balkan federation, and a realized Medieval and Bulgaria Revival period ideal of "Great Bulgaria”. The study uses historical approach and is based on unknown archival sources, combined with data from periodicals and published works of Oustabachieff.

The Protestant Mission and Youth Movements

The Protestant missions, established in Madagascar from the early nineteenth century, played a founding role in setting up a network of educational charities and in reflecting upon how young people should be looked after. This historical heritage, linked to the English incursion into Madagascar, still holds an essential place in the subcontinent's spiritual, social, cultural and political life today.1 Our starting-point is the systematic study of the Protestant youth associations that emerged in Madagascar at the turn of the twentieth century (the Young People's Christian Union, the Young Women's Christian Union, the Unionist Scouts and Guides) and structures set up in order to bring young people together, such as Antananarivo's Christian Youth Club. We intend to demonstrate the special place of this network of associations in the modern-day forming of the Malagasy elites and its impact on the growth of awareness of national identity paving the way to the independence movement. Prior to this, we will consider the significant issue of the power of the Christian missions on the island and the historical stages of their presence.