People's Behavioral Intentions Research Articles

The behavioral intention telepharmacy questionnaire based on theory of personal health differences and planned behavior

Modern pharmaceutical services are offered via telepharmacy, an internet platform. Identification of items and factors that influence people's behavioral intentions towards telepharmacy services is needed to develop this service. The study aims to develop a questionnaire based on a research model that combines two well-known theories: the theory of personal health differences (TPHD) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) technique. The purposive sampling strategy was combined with a cross-sectional observational method. 116 participants who were at least 18 years old were given the questionnaire. Convenience sampling from various population subgroups was used to select them. Data analysis was then conducted using the exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Factors were extracted using varimax rotation and principal component analysis. The results showed that the questionnaire consists of 16 items divided into 5 constructs (attitude and self-efficacy, behavioral intention, subjective norm, personal health status, and personal health value), this study proves that the behavioral intention telepharmacy questionnaire based on personal health differences and planned behavior theory is a reliable and valid measure. It can also draw attention to the many aspects of adoption behavior, helping service providers toward the successful digitalization of pharmaceutical services by fostering telepharmacy literacy. The application of telepharmacy is both a hope and a challenge for pharmacists and society, especially in terms of the intention to provide safe and quality pharmaceutical care.

Analisis Social Influence, Perceived Ease of Use terhadap Behavioural Intention dengan Mediasi Perceived Usefulness

The emergence of Covid-19 pandemic has spread widely to various countries, which of one includes Indonesia. Where in 2020, Indonesia also impact on this pandemic, so the government took action on PPKM policy regulations by recommending all activities carried outside such as work, carried out at home to reduce circulation wider spread of the virus. After going through a situation where people must comply with health protocols and maintain cleanliness. Where at the end of 2022, the Ministry of Health announced that active cases of Covid-19 had decreased consistently and gave optimism to the current efforts to deal with Covid-19, of course it has made people accumulate an extraordinary willingness to travel. Due to the emergence of people's behavioral intentions to travel by ordering their travel activities on online booking service provider applications, where these applications can provide convenience and useful for them so that does not require excessive effort also can be used easily and efficiently. Indirectly it can also make the tourism industry continue to experience the most significant growth in searching for online travel agents because people's behavioral intentions are influenced by social influences that can provide convenience and benefits when using online booking service provider applications.

People's Intentions to Use Metaverse Technology: Investigating the Role of Gratifications and Perceptions

Abstract The aim of the Metaverse is to become a major achievement in the realm of cyberspace, envisioning a significant advancement toward a more immersive and interactive internet experience. Given the potential impact of this new development, a thorough understanding of people's intentions to use this technology is warranted. Drawing on the theoretical tenets of Uses and Gratification theory and I-P-R framework, a research model was developed that incorporates three types of gratification (hedonic, utilitarian, and social) and three psychological perceptions (immersion, telepresence, and realism) that are related to people's behavioral intentions. Structural equation modeling was used as an analytical strategy based on a representative sample of 617 respondents. Results showed that all three gratifications and perceptions were positively associated with people's intentions to use Metaverse technology. In conclusion, this model offers a relevant starting point toward establishing a timely research line on users' perceptions and engagements with Metaverse technology.

When do I ponder? The role of elaboration in counterfactual thinking

AbstractThe counterfactual thought such as “If only I had…” has a powerful impact on people's subsequent behavioral intentions. The literature has documented what may happen with CFT. But little has been done to investigate how CFT produces these effects. In this research, three studies provided evidence to show that elaboration rather than priming is the mechanism for CFT to have an effect on behavioral intentions; and the factors such as argument strength, outcome severity, and goal valence may interfere with such counterfactual effects. These theoretical contributions to the CFT literature offer important managerial implications and help marketers determine optimal persuasion strategies to influence consumers' information processing style.

The role of chronological age in climate change attitudes, feelings, and behavioral intentions: The case of null results.

Past research has stressed the role of age and generation in climate change discourse, worries, and willingness to act. Therefore, the present paper aimed to examine the role of chronological age (as an arbitrary factor, which represents ageism) in lay people's climate change-related attitudes, feelings, and behavioral intentions. Two experiments in different countries, Australia and Israel, were conducted for this purpose. The first study examined the impact of the age of the speaker, who provides information about the climate crisis and the second examined the impact of the age of the group being blamed for the situation. Outcome variables included perceived responsibility and motivation for the current climate situation in study 1 and perceived climate change-related attitudes, feelings, and behavioral intentions in study 2. In study 1 (n = 250, Australia), the age of the speaker, a climate activist, varied randomly to test the hypothesis that a younger activist would be more influential and increase motivation and responsibility to act compared to an older activist. In study 2 (n = 179, Israel), the age (young vs. old) of the group identified as being responsible for the climate crisis varied randomly, to test the hypothesis that people would be more willing to identify older people as being responsible for the current climate situation, and this would impact climate change-related attitudes, feelings, and behavioral intentions. Both studies resulted in null effects. Additionally, there was no interaction between the age of the respondent and the age of the source of the message or the age group being blamed by the message. The present study has failed to show that strategies that emphasize intergenerational conflict and ageism impact people's attitudes, feelings, and behavioral intentions towards the current climate situation. This possibly can serve as an instigator for strategies that emphasize intergenerational solidarity, rather than conflict, as a guiding principle in future campaigns that advocate climate change adaptation and mitigation measures.

The influence of subjective norms and perception of food safety toward behavioral intention to use and continuance behavior

This study aims to explore how subjective norms and perceptions of food safety influence people's behavioral intention to use and continue using delivery apps during the coronavirus pandemic. According to the TPB model, subjective norms were anticipated to be positively linked to both intention and continued behavior. The study's objective also was to ascertain the advantageous consequences of perceived food safety and intention on continued usage. The study used a quantitative approach, with a sample of 300 mobile food ordering app users in Yogyakarta selected using non-probability sampling. The data collection method was a validated and reliable questionnaire, and data analysis used SEM AMOS. The results showed that subjective norms and perceived food safety had a significant positive influence on behavioral intention and that behavioral intention and perceived food safety affected continued use. This study contributes to the existing literature on the benefits of subjective norms and perceived food safety on mobile app usage, and its findings have both theoretical and practical implications.

Investigating innovation diffusion, social influence, and personal inner forces to understand people's participation in online e-waste recycling

By integrating the elaboration likelihood model (ELM), innovation diffusion theory (IDT) and social cognition theory (SCT), this study constructs a research model through which to explore the key factors and their influence mechanisms to understand people's participation in online e-waste recycling. Based on the ELM, we believe that people's behavioral intention to participate in online e-waste recycling is affected by the information processing of central and peripheral routes. Based on IDT, we take the perceived innovation characteristics as the key elements of the central route and consider social influence as the key element of the peripheral route. At the same time, we consider personal inner force factors, based on SCT, as the functional condition of the information processing mode to explore the moderating effects of privacy concern, pricing fairness concern, and environmental concern on the information processing of the central and peripheral routes. By taking discarded mobile phones as an example, we collect 475 valid samples to test our research model using the structural equation modelling (SEM) approach. The results confirm that perceived innovation characteristics and social influence are two factors that motivate people to participate in online e-waste recycling and that the three kinds of inner forces have different moderating effects on perceived innovation characteristics and social influence. Based on the above findings, this study puts forward some policy proposals.

Socio-demographic determinants of infectious disease knowledge in Armenia

Abstract Background There is substantial evidence that infectious disease knowledge (IDK) predicts people's behavioral intentions and preventive practices. Since level of IDK varies across socio-economic contexts and imposes a substantial burden on vulnerable groups, we aimed to assess the relationship between socio-demographic factors and IDK in the adult population of Armenia. Methods A cross-sectional nationwide phone survey was conducted in the capital Yerevan and all Armenian provinces in 2021, using a stratified two-stage cluster sampling to complete a sample of 3,483 respondents. The questions on socio-demographic characteristics and IDK were included in a multi-domain structured survey questionnaire. Four questions measured IDK; a summative IDK score (0-4) was used in bivariate and multivariate linear regression analysis. Results Females constituted 71.0% of the sample. The mean age was 49.5 years. About 68% of the study participants had some vocational (12-13 years) or university degree education and 54.4% were employed. About one fifth of the respondents reported family monthly expenditures of less than 100,000 Armenian drams (AMD) ≈ $200, while the majority reported spending 101,000AMD to 400,000 AMD per month. The mean IDK score was 2.48. In the adjusted analysis, being female, holding a higher education level, being employed, having younger age and higher family monthly expenditures were positively associated with IDK score. Conclusions Our findings suggest that there is a gap in IDK affecting specific population groups such as older people, those with incomplete or secondary education, unemployed and financially disadvantaged people. Educational interventions and campaigns should target these groups to minimize the gap and ensure even prerequisites for good health. Key messages • Gender, age, education level, employment status and income level all independently influence population’s infectious disease knowledge. • Health communication campaigns on infectious disease knowledge should particularly target males, older people and socially disadvantaged groups.

Diversity in people's reluctance to use medical artificial intelligence: Identifying subgroups through latent profile analysis.

Medical artificial intelligence (AI) is important for future health care systems. Research on medical AI has examined people's reluctance to use medical AI from the knowledge, attitude, and behavioral levels in isolation using a variable-centered approach while overlooking the possibility that there are subpopulations of people who may differ in their combined level of knowledge, attitude and behavior. To address this gap in the literature, we adopt a person-centered approach employing latent profile analysis to consider people's medical AI objective knowledge, subjective knowledge, negative attitudes and behavioral intentions. Across two studies, we identified three distinct medical AI profiles that systemically varied according to people's trust in and perceived risk imposed by medical AI. Our results revealed new insights into the nature of people's reluctance to use medical AI and how individuals with different profiles may characteristically have distinct knowledge, attitudes and behaviors regarding medical AI.

Structured reflection increases intentions to reduce other people's health risks during COVID-19.

People believe they should consider how their behavior might negatively impact other people, Yet their behavior often increases others' health risks. This creates challenges for managing public health crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined a procedure wherein people reflect on their personal criteria regarding how their behavior impacts others' health risks. We expected structured reflection to increase people's intentions and decisions to reduce others' health risks. Structured reflection increases attention to others' health risks and the correspondence between people's personal criteria and behavioral intentions. In four experiments during COVID-19, people (N=12,995) reported their personal criteria about how much specific attributes, including the impact on others' health risks, should influence their behavior. Compared with control conditions, people who engaged in structured reflection reported greater intentions to reduce business capacity (experiment 1) and avoid large social gatherings (experiments 2 and 3). They also donated more to provide vaccines to refugees (experiment 4). These effects emerged across seven countries that varied in collectivism and COVID-19 case rates (experiments 1 and 2). Structured reflection was distinct from instructions to carefully deliberate (experiment 3). Structured reflection increased the correlation between personal criteria and behavioral intentions (experiments 1 and 3). And structured reflection increased donations more among people who scored lower in cognitive reflection compared with those who scored higher in cognitive reflection (experiment 4). These findings suggest that structured reflection can effectively increase behaviors to reduce public health risks.

Analysis of older people's walking behavioral intention with the extended theory of planned behavior

IntroductionWalking is a vital part of an older person's daily routine. It is critical to get insight into the determinants of older people's behavioral intention (BI) to walk in the neighborhood to encourage walking among them. However, research on older people's walking habits is lacking, particularly in developing countries like China. Methods501 complete responses were collected from a face-to-face survey conducted in Nanjing City. Four models were analyzed and compared in this paper. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) was examined in Model 1. The descriptive norm (DN) was added to the TPB in Model 2. Walking environment components were added to the TPB in Model 3. The TPB was supplemented with DN and walking environment constructs in Model 4. ResultsModel 1 and Model 2 explain 71.3% and 74.9% of the variance in BI, respectively, meaning that the explanatory power increases by 3.6% when DN is taken into account. Model 3 explains 80.2% of the variance in BI, implying that when the walking environment constructs are included, the explanatory power increases by 8.9%. Model 4 has the greatest explanatory power (82.0%) on BI. Attitude (ATT), perceived behavioral control (PBC), and DN have significant associations with older people's BI, whereas subjective norm (SN) does not. In terms of constructs of the walking environment, perceived comfort has a significant association with behavioral intention, but perceived safety does not. ConclusionsHow others act around an individual, other than how they approve of that individual's actions, has a significant impact on older people's walking intentions. PBC is highly correlated with older people's BI. The findings also emphasize the need of improving the walking environment for older individuals.

A study of determinants that affect the intention to participate in online tours and the role of constraints under COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT To overcome the challenges presented by COVID-19, the tourism sector has introduced online tours to the market, in which tour guides introduce product via video conferencing tools. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing people's behavioral intentions to consume this new product. For this study, we conducted a web-based questionnaire survey in Japan in December 2020. The data analysis results confirm that positive emotions and telepresence positively influence people’s intention to participate in online tours. Additionally, we identified that travel constraints did not directly influence participation intention. Alternatively, they have an indirect influence through interactions with other factors. Specifically, structural constraints caused by external factors, such as lack of time, amplified the effect of authenticity, but attenuated the effect of telepresence. In addition, interpersonal constraints, such as incompatibility of schedules with companions, were found to increase the effect of telepresence, but weaken the effect of authenticity. Furthermore, the analysis results suggested that while daily travel constraints indicated a significant mediation influence on tourists’ participation intention, COVID-19 constraints indicated no significant influence for either direct or indirect effects. The findings of this study are beneficial in designing online travel experiences that can benefit tourists under travel constraints in the future.

Households' intentions under financial vulnerability conditions: is it likely for the COVID-19 pandemic to leave a permanent scar?

PurposeThe authors draw on psychological reactance theory, collective mental programming, psychological profiles and financial vulnerability experiences to assess the possibility that the pandemic may induce transformative changes in households' behavioral intentions related to financial decisions after the pandemic is over.Design/methodology/approachUsing a unique survey data drawn from four different countries located in North America, Europe, Africa and Latin America, the authors show that the stressful conditions that accompanied the pandemic have instigated a state of financial vulnerability and stimulated instinctual defensive mechanisms among consumers.FindingsThe study results indicate that households have intentions to make defensive decisions in spending, consumption, planning and investment. Furthermore, the authors report evidence that personal psychological heterogeneity (as an individual factor) and collective mental programming (as a cultural factor) play a significant role in shaping households' postpandemic financial intentions.Research limitations/implicationsThe study findings carry important practical implications. For financial institutions, marketers and financial advisors, the authors’ work implies that individual and collective factors affect people's perception and behavioral intentions in response to financial adversities. For social planners and legislators, the authors’ work shows that they should expect not only short-term but also long-term reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic.Originality/valueMost research on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on households' financial behavior focuses on transitional adjustments made during the pandemic, and little emphasis has been placed on potential postpandemic adjustments. The authors contend that it would be a mistake to analyze the pandemic-induced crisis as a temporary financial hardship.

Morality in the era of smart devices

PurposeDoes using smart devices change people's moral standards? The objective of this paper is to investigate how people's moral behavioral intentions while employing smart devices are modulated by their socioeconomic status (SES; as measured by educational level and income).Design/methodology/approachParticipants were randomly assigned to either the smart devices condition or the non-smart devices condition, and their moral standards was measured by the adapted Moral Foundations Questionnaire. Data were collected from both China and the UK.FindingsIndividuals' SES moderated people's moral standards when using smart devices. Specifically, when employing smart devices (vs non-smart devices), moral standards declined for low-SES individuals. However, the effect of employing smart devices was not significant for high-SES individuals. This suggests that certain demographics may be more inclined to harm others with smart devices.Practical implicationsIn emerging markets, the widespread of smart devices in workplace may lower consumers' and employees' moral standards for certain demographics. Managers and marketers need to be aware of this erosion of morality and employ some preventive measures in advance.Originality/valueThis paper examined morality in the era of smart devices. Even though the use of smart devices has become a norm in developed markets, smart devices usage is still on the rise in emerging markets. The authors findings enhance the understanding of moral behaviors and contribute to the knowledge of how smart devices are changing human behaviors.

Colour, emotion, and behavioral intentions in city hotel guestrooms

AbstractThis study explores the effects of colours on people's emotional states and behavioral intentions in a real‐world city hotel guestroom. For this study, blue, yellow, and gray were selected. According to literature, when it is desired to make a change on colour scheme in hotel rooms, the alteration should be applied to secondary colour while keeping the dominant colour constant. Thus, in this study, the alterations of colour scheme are only applied to bedspread and pillows fabrics. As results indicate, blue and yellow are associated with pleasure and arousal, whereas the gray colour evokes displeasure and no arousal. Yellow and blue are found to cause approach behavior in terms of customer loyalty, while the colour gray is found to cause avoidance behavior in city hotel guestrooms. There is a positive relationship between both pleasure and approach behavior and between arousal and approach behavior. The results can be useful for interior architects, designers, and hoteliers who emphasize touching guests' emotions and increasing approach behavior by creating favorable colour schemes. This study combines colour, emotion, and behavioral intentions in hospitality context which plays an essential role in filling gap in the literature about the effects of colour in a hospitality context.

How Perceived Similarity Moderates Sympathy and Pride Appeal in Organ Donation Messages

Organ transplantation is the only medical procedure that can save a person who is suffering from organ failure. However, the shortage of transplantable organs remains a universal problem. Although more than 90% of the America population supports the concept of organ donation, less than half are registered as donors. An online experiment (N=224) was conducted to examine how perceived similarity moderates pride and sympathy appeal messages for organ donation. Participants were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk. Emotional appeal messages were respectively manipulated through emphasizing patient's suffering (sympathy) and organ donor's achievements (pride). A pretest was also performed on Amazon Mechanical Turk to ensure the effectiveness of emotional appeal message. Perceived similarity was achieved by presenting a picture of either a male or female individual with a neutral emotion to participants. The study showed that perceived similarity was a positive predictor of intentions to become an organ donor. Furthermore, perceived similarity can moderate the effects of both sympathy and pride appeal messages on attitudes and intentions of organ donation. This study found that perceived similarity could change people's behavioral intentions to become organ donors. Therefore, this study can inform potential strategies to persuade people to become organ donors through emphasizing perceived similarity and using emotional appeals.

Individual cognitive style affects flood‐risk perception and mitigation intentions

AbstractRisk perception of natural hazards has been widely studied as one of the potential determinants of people's behaviors and behavioral intentions. However, individual differences can also affect risk perception. The present work focused on the link between an individual cognitive mindset (i.e., level of holism) and flood‐risk perception. It also assessed the consequences of such a link on public and personal mitigation intentions, taking into account the sense of connection with the environment, the psychological distance from the adverse event, and the role played by previous personal experience with flooding. Our study (N = 191) showed that the individual cognitive style predicted risk perceptions and personal (for both experienced and no‐experience groups) and public (only for experienced group) mitigation intentions, through the mediation of the sense of connection with the environment and the psychological distance from the adverse event. Results are discussed in terms of their practical implications for public communication and policies about environmental hazards.

另類醫學的認知、行為意向與態度之探討－以台中市海線地區民眾為例

Background: The expansion of alternative medicine embodies several changes in the public's perceptions, attitudes, and behavioral intentions regarding self-care. It deserves to understanding that in the modern society where Western medicine is still the mainstream medical paradigm, alternative medicine is widely recognized and used by the people. The purpose of this study was to understand the factors that influence people's perceptions, attitudes and behavioral intentions of alternative medicine and the possible relationships between them of seashore towns in Taichung City. Methods: This study collected data with structural questionnaire by convenience sampling method. There were 800 subjects (valid returned rate was 91.5%) invited in this study. This study performed descriptive statics, variance analysis and linear regression analysis to examine the related factors influencing the respondents' perceptions. Results: The subjects' perceptions in ＂cognition＂, ＂attitude＂ and ＂behavioral intention＂ of alternative medicine vary significantly due to gender, marital status, conscious health status, whether used and used frequency. Respondents have a significant positive correlation between the cognitive aspects of ＂cognition＂, ＂behavior intention＂ and ＂attitude＂. Conclusions: The average score of respondents in each aspect was less than 4 points. It is obvious that there is still some concern for alternative medicine. It is suggested that the medical and health authorities should be able to face up to the management of alternative medicines, plan suitable and safe ways and ways of using them, and further protect the effectiveness and safety of the public.

Folk moral objectivism and its measurement

Experimental philosophers and psychologists investigate whether people perceive moral judgments to be objectively true or false. Existing research focuses on a single dimension of ‘perceived objectivity’. The present research examines whether multiple dimensions of folk moral objectivity underlie moral judgments. It also examines whether such dimensions relate to perceived objectivity, tolerance, and people's behavioral intentions to punish norm-violators. Exploratory factor analysis on twenty ethical items revealed three different ways of perceiving moral truth (Independent Truth, Universal Truth, Divine Truth), which each form reliable subscales (Study 1). This three-factor structure was supported by confirmatory factor analysis (Study 2). Each of the dimensions is differently related to perceived objectivity (Study 3). With respect to tolerance, perceived objectivity is a mediator in the relationship between perceiving moral truth as absolute or universal and tolerance (Study 4). With respect to a willingness to harm measure, Independent Truth is negatively related and Universal Truth is positively related, to people's punitive attitudes toward norm-violators.

Human–wildlife coexistence: attitudes and behavioural intentions towards predators in the Maasai Mara, Kenya

AbstractLiving alongside predators can entail substantial costs both in terms of livelihoods and personal safety. Negative interactions with predators can lead to negative attitudes and behavioural intentions such as retaliatory or pre-emptive killing. As a result, conservation strategies are increasingly adopting human–wildlife coexistence approaches aimed at minimizing the costs associated with living with predators by providing direct or indirect benefits. This is done in the hope that people will foster positive attitudes and behavioural intentions towards predators. However, people's attitudes and their behavioural intentions are not necessarily linked, and both need to be understood for conservation actions to be effective. We conducted 747 semi-structured interviews with community members in the Maasai Mara, Kenya, to determine which factors influenced people's attitudes and behavioural intentions towards predators and whether the two were linked. Most interviewees (57.52%) had a positive attitude towards predators as measured by their assertion that people, livestock and predators should coexist. Their attitude was dependent on benefits, occupation, conservancy membership and perceived community ownership of predators, but was not influenced by the costs of livestock depredation. Most respondents who were members of a conservancy had positive attitudes towards predators but this differed by conservancy, suggesting that, in addition to benefits, conservation politics could influence attitudes. In total, 10.3% of respondents said that they would kill a predator if it killed their livestock. This behavioural intention was only influenced by the respondent's attitude. Understanding the factors that influence attitudes and behavioural intentions will aid future management and coexistence strategies.