People's Willingness Research Articles

A comparative study to elucidate factors explaining willingness to use home-care robots in Japan, Ireland, and Finland.

The implementation of home-care robots is sometimes unsuccessful. This study aimed to explore factors explaining people's willingness to use home-care robots, particularly among care recipients and caregivers. Surveys were conducted in Japan, Ireland, and Finland. The survey questionnaire comprised four categories (familiarity with robots, important points about home-care robots, functions expected from home-care robots, and ethically acceptable uses), with 48 items assessing users' willingness to use home-care robots. The responses from 525 Japanese, 163 Irish, and 170 Finnish respondents were analyzed to identify common and distinct factors influencing their willingness to use these robots. Common factors across the countries included "willingness to participate in research and development," "interest in robot-related news,"and "having a positive impression of robots". The distinct factors for each country were: "convenience" in Japan; "notifying family members and support personnel when an unexpected change occurs in an older person" in Ireland; and "design" in Finland. Therefore, developers should determine potential users' willingness to participate in the research and development of home-care robots and consider a system that involves them in the development process.

SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE DIMENSIONS OF COMMUNITY RESILIENCE AT WAR TIME (BASED ON THE RESULTS OF A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ANALYSIS)

The article is devoted to studying community resilience in the context of war in Ukraine. It analyzes both subjective and objective dimensions of resilience that affect the ability of local communities to adapt to crisis conditions. The empirical foundation of the research consists of interviews and focus groups with representatives of executive and local authorities, the public sector, business, volunteer organizations, and informal initiatives, conducted within the framework of the Polish-Ukrainian research grant «Multilevel governance of the humanitarian crisis caused by the Russian aggression on Ukraine, using examples from the Lublin Voivodeship (PL) and the Volyn Oblast (UA)» (funded by NAWA). Subjective aspects of resilience encompass public perceptions, trust among community members, and emotional resilience, which is manifested in people's willingness to support one another. Objective dimensions include infrastructural, economic, and social resources that contribute to recovery after crises. The results indicate that distinguishing between subjective and objective aspects of resilience is an effective tool for developing policies capable of supporting communities in wartime. This article aims to contribute to the understanding of the complexity of community resilience in times of crisis and social instability.

Analyzing the interplay between social media analytics and nudges in pandemic control

This study employs a data-driven approach to examine the government's use of data insights and nudges to promote social distancing during the pandemic. Drawing from well-established technology adoption theories, a nationwide online survey was conducted among professionals and postgraduate students adapting to remote work and learning. The study unveils that access to suitable information and communication technology (ICT) significantly influences people's willingness to adhere to social distancing and work from home (WFH). Moreover, respondents' expectations of WFH's impact on job performance emerged as a critical driver for sustained social distancing, with individuals' habits playing a pivotal role in enhancing WFH performance expectancy. Notably, the study pioneers in exploring the psychological effects of government nudges during a pandemic, shedding light on an uncharted aspect of pandemic control strategies.

Vaccination subsidy allocation under budget constraints considering the human interpersonal contact pattern and vaccine protection effect in epidemics

Vaccination subsidy is one of the most important measures to increase the willingness of people to be vaccinated for epidemic prevention and control. Given the budget constraint of vaccination subsidy and the different roles of various age groups population in the epidemic transmission process, a novel approach is proposed to optimize the utilization of the limited vaccination subsidy budget. First, an age-structured SIR model that integrates the human interpersonal contact pattern and vaccine protection effect is developed to simulate the epidemic trend under a certain vaccination state. Then, a decision model is constructed to determine the optimal vaccination subsidy allocation scheme for various age groups based on the age-structured SIR model. A case study of Wuhan City is used to verify the decision approach, and a series of sensitivity analyses are conducted. The result shows that the peak time of an epidemic is positively related to the total treatment cost for all the infections, and more subsidies should be allocated to the populations with higher interpersonal contact frequencies for epidemic prevention and control.

Teach them how to fish or give them fish? The effect of collective narcissism on intergroup help.

Intergroup help contributes to the solution of global issues in particular. However, whether to teach an outgroup how to address their problem permanently, or to directly help them solve the current problem? Collective narcissism might play a crucial role in this process. Based on the core characteristics of collective narcissism, this research explored whether and how collective narcissism would affect people's willingness to give different types of intergroup help. Study 1 examined the correlation between collective narcissism and intergroup help. Studies 2 and 3 investigated the impacts of outgroup threat and ingroup image on the relationship between collective narcissism and intergroup help respectively. In Study 4, the interaction between outgroup threat and ingroup image was further examined. The results showed that collective narcissism reduced participants' willingness to offer intergroup help, especially autonomy-oriented help. For low-threat outgroups, collective narcissism increased participants' willingness to give dependency-oriented help. In contrast, collective narcissism increased participants' willingness to give autonomy-oriented help when refusal to intergroup help tarnished the ingroup image. For high-threat outgroups, collective narcissism did not predict participants' willingness to give intergroup help. These findings suggest that collective narcissists' preferences for intergroup help change with outgroup threat and ingroup image.

Positive beliefs about cross-partisan empathy can strengthen Americans' support for democracy.

Undemocratic practices, such as voter suppression and election interference, threaten democracies worldwide. Across four studies (N = 4,350), we find that informational and motivational factors drive Americans' support for such practices. Partisans drastically overestimate how much opponents support undemocratic practices, which decreases people's willingness to defend democracy themselves (S1-S2). One remedy for this dynamic is to inform people about the extent to which their rivals actually support democracy, but in polarized contexts, people are incurious about the true beliefs of outpartisans. To address this, we test a new method for improving democratic attitudes-changing beliefs about cross-party empathy. Empathizing across disagreements can improve connections and boost persuasion. When people learn about these valued consequences of empathic engagement, their curiosity about outpartisans increases (S3), and they choose to learn about opponents' support for democracy, which reduces their own support for undemocratic practices and politicians (S4). Our findings suggest that fostering support for democracy requires not just informational strategies but also motivational ones. The power of our combined approach comes in that-instead of presenting people with information about outpartisans-it induces them to seek out that information themselves. Together, these results highlight how cross-party empathy beliefs can increase people's curiosity about those they disagree with and disrupt processes of political escalation.

Why Are Young People Willing to Pay for Health? Chained Mediation Effect of Negative Emotions and Information Seeking on Health Risk Perception and Health Consumption Behavior.

The perception of health risks can influence people's health behaviors. However, in the context of modern consumer society, few people delve into in-depth discussions on health consumption as a form of health protection behavior. Inspired by the Health Belief Model and Protection Motivation Theory, this study interprets health consumption behavior as a new form of health protection behavior. A survey was conducted on a sample of Chinese youth (N = 885) to explore the mechanisms of action between health risk perception and health consumption behavior using structural equation modeling. The study found that: (1) health risk perception has a significant positive impact on the health consumption behavior of young people; (2) negative emotions and information seeking play mediating roles respectively in the mechanism of the impact of health risk perception on health consumption behavior; and (3) in addition to their individual mediating roles, negative emotions and information seeking behavior collectively play a chained mediation role in this process. Implications of these results, both theoretical and practical, are further discussed.

The Barriers and Perceived Benefits to Vulvar Self-examination in the Management of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus.

It is common practice to advise people with vulvar lichen sclerosus to perform vulvar self-examination (VSE) to optimize topical therapy and detect changes that may represent active disease, scarring, and/or squamous cell carcinoma development. The aim of this study was to better understand people's willingness and potential barriers to performing VSE. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken of all patients with vulvar LS presenting to a tertiary referral vulvar dermatology clinic in Australia, from June 2022 to January 2023. Patients who did not speak and read English were excluded. Ethics approval was obtained. Seventy-eight (66%) of 118 eligible patients completed the survey. Fifty-three (68%) of patients had examined their vulva at least once. Forty-one (49%) had been recommended VSE by a medical practitioner. All those recommended VSE had performed VSE at least once. In contrast, only 10 (27%) of the 37 patients not recommended VSE by a health professional had ever performed VSE. Seventy-nine percent of all patients reported that they were very likely or likely to perform VSE if it was recommended.Patients with higher education level and tampon use were more likely to perform VSE. Self-reported back problems were associated with being less likely to perform VSE. More widespread VSE may result in earlier detection of the complications of vulvar lichen sclerosus. Most women would perform VSE if recommended by a health care provider; however, currently only half are receiving this advice. Further research should be performed to determine whether VSE affects clinical outcomes.

Is AI Food a Gimmick or the Future Direction of Food Production?-Predicting Consumers' Willingness to Buy AI Food Based on Cognitive Trust and Affective Trust.

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been developing rapidly and has had a broad impact on the food industry, with food produced from AI-generated recipes already appearing to actually go on sale. However, people's trust and willingness to purchase AI food are still unclear. This study builds an integrated theoretical model based on cognitive trust and affective trust, taking into account consumers' quality value orientations, social norms, and perceived risks of AI food, with the aim of predicting and exploring consumers' trust and acceptance of AI food. This study utilized the questionnaire method and 315 questionnaires were collected. The results of structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) indicated that food quality orientation, subjective norms, perceived trust, and affective trust all had a significant positive effect on consumers' purchase intentions. Perceived risk had a negative effect on affective trust and consequently on consumers' purchase intention, but the effect on cognitive trust was not significant. The results also suggest that cognitive trust is the basis of affective trust and that consumer trust and acceptance of AI food can be enhanced by augmenting two antecedents of cognitive trust (food quality orientation and subjective norms). Possible practical implications and insights from the current findings are discussed.

SCORE Model Analysis: Why Most People Will Never Succeed with GRIT?

SCORE Model Analysis: Why Most People Will Never Succeed with GRIT?

How to Write an Email People Will Read

How to Write an Email People Will Read

Constructing vaccination slogans in the late stage of vaccine launch: an experimental study based on the framing effect theory.

Vaccination is an important strategy for overcoming public health crises. Considerable studies have analyzed strategies to promote people's willingness to vaccinate, but few have explored effective strategies based on the stage of vaccine launch. This study considered the framing effect theory to explore whether egoism, altruism and loss frames can boost vaccination willingness when people feel the vaccine is effective in the late stage of vaccine launch. This study designed a scenario experiment consisting of three experimental groups (egoism, altruism and loss frames) and one control group (non-framed). Participants (N=1085) from China were randomly assigned to any of the four groups. Vaccination willingness, perceived vaccine effectiveness and control variables included perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, worry about the side effects of vaccination and socio-demographics were collected. Perceived vaccine effectiveness and message frames can increase people's willingness to be vaccinated. Message frames can amplify the positive impact of perceived effectiveness on vaccination willingness. Moreover, loss-framed messages had a stronger amplification effect than egoistic- and altruistic-framed messages. Governments and other health authorities should prioritize the loss-framed approach when constructing vaccination slogans to maximize vaccination willingness when vaccines are considered effective at the late implementation stage of the vaccine strategy.

Applying the SEEV Model to Assess Where People Will Look: Practical Considerations

Applying the SEEV Model to Assess Where People Will Look: Practical Considerations

Blood Donation Service to The Sidanegara Cilacap Community

The scarcity of blood is assumed to be caused by a lack of public knowledge about blood donation. Donor health advantages can minimize the danger of cancer, help with weight loss, make the body psychologically better and prolong life, reduce the risk of heart and blood vessel disease, and detect major disorders. Aside from carrying out the Tri Dharma of Higher Education, community service activities seek to encourage local residents to donate blood for the safety of others, hence raising people's desire and willingness to contribute. PMI Cilacap supports this program by sending numerous medical personnel to perform blood draws. The service team distributed information about the benefits of blood donation during this activity. There were 62 registered blood donors, with 43 (69.35%) passing the health check and donating blood, and 19 (30.65%) failing (not passing) the health check and so unable to donate blood.

Rediscovering the location of agricultural production: Spatial linkage of farmland use intensity and labor opportunity costs in Central China

Agricultural location theory was the earliest work to reveal the land use and agricultural layout of urban suburbs; however, there is an increasing difference between Dunn's theoretical model and modern agricultural layouts, and there is thus an urgent need to establish new theoretical relationships. In this work, we sought to reveal new patterns of modern suburban agricultural land use using remote sensing data and land economics knowledge. We used remote sensing data to obtain first-hand land-use information while considering the attractiveness of the urban center to labor, and we explored the impact of agricultural opportunity costs on agricultural land use. We found that agricultural land use in suburbs in Central China have four obvious layers: dominance of built-up areas, dominance of single cropping, dominance of double cropping, and dominance of triple cropping. From the perspective of planting patterns, with increasing distance from the city center, the proportion of single-cropping areas decreases from 60% to 20%, that of double-cropping areas increases from 20% to 70%, that of triple-cropping areas always remains below 10%, and the multiple-cropping index increases from 120% to 180%. From the perspective of land economics and considering labor cost, planting profits decrease with increasing distance from the city center. The increasing attractiveness of the urban center to migrant workers significantly weakens farmers' willingness to plant. From the perspective of the circle structure, before 2000, farmers' planting profits were higher than the opportunity costs in all regions; after 2000, farmers with arable land within a 40-km radius of the center may have been more inclined to choose farming, while those with land outside this 40-km radius may have been more inclined to work elsewhere. Under changing agricultural policies, farmers' planting profits increased to a historical high, but profits became negative in all regions after 2015, and the willingness of people to farm reached a historical low. With this work, we continue the development of the hierarchical structure model of The Location of Agricultural Production and summarize new laws of modern agricultural land use from the perspectives of remote sensing data and land economics, supplementing and enriching agricultural location theory.

Standing-up against moral violations: The predicting role of attribution, kinship, and severity.

Witnesses of moral violations stand up for their moral principles, despite facing substantial costs for intervening. Notwithstanding its importance, little is known whether responsibility attributions and the relation between the victim and a witness (i.e., kinship) have different effects on the intention to intervene in situations of different severity (e.g., moral courage situations). We predict an interaction between the situation's severity and the victims' responsibility for their plight. In less-severe situations, witnesses would be less willing to help when they perceive the victim to be responsible for their plight. However, those who are not seen as responsible would receive more help. For more-severe situations, responsibility is predicted to have no effect. Opposite effects are predicted for the relationship between the helper and the victim. We further predict that perceived costs for helping mediates witnesses' willingness to intervene. Two studies showed that people are more willing to help individuals who are perceived as being innocent, but only in less-severe situations. In more-severe situations, people's willingness to intervene increases, regardless of responsibility attributions. We did not observe effects for kinship. Moreover, we provide partial evidence that witnesses of more-severe situations indeed accept higher costs for intervention.

Political Partisanship, Confucian Collectivism, and Public Attitudes toward the Vaccination Policy in Taiwan.

Conventional wisdom suggests that people with a collectivist tradition tend to comply more with the government's regulatory and even coercive disease-prevention policies. Besides this socio-cultural element, political partisanship is also an important aspect relating to people's willingness to cooperate with the government. This study aims to examine the relationships between these two factors and three dimensions of vaccination policy attitudes: common responsibility to take the vaccine, the government's vaccine mandate, and indignation over anti-vaxxers. Using the data from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey conducted in 2022 in Taiwan, this study applies multiple linear OLS regression to examine the relationships between vaccination policy attitudes and Confucian collectivism and political partisanship. Confucian collectivism and political partisanship aligning with the ruling party are associated with supportive vaccination policy attitudes. For those who do not align with the ruling party, the negative attitudes toward the vaccination policy appear in different dimensions according to the party they lean to. Confucian collectivism is prevalent in Taiwan and is related to public attitudes toward vaccination policy. This association is independent of political partisanship. Public health authorities should consider the socio-cultural context and political atmosphere for the effectiveness of disease-prevention measures.

ONLINE CONSUMPTION HABITS OF OLDER PEOPLE IN HUNGARY

People's lives have been significantly affected by COVID-19, including the elderly, who have sought to limit personal contact, especially during quarantine periods. Their shopping habits, and their daily lives changed, too. The basis of my research was a longitudinal study conducted by the Department of Gerontology of the University of Debrecen, Faculty of Health Sciences. I conducted a two-region study in the summer of 2021, using the interview technique. I was looking for answers to the question how and to what extent the COVID-19 epidemic has affected the lives of members of older people's organisations, and how and in what ways their habits have changed, such as the use of digital devices and consumption in general. The results show that during the pandemic, in 2020, telephone contact was the main mode of communication between members of organisations, while in the following year, 2021, there were almost equal numbers of people who preferred online contact and those who preferred traditional telephone contact. Older people have presumably become more open to the online world, which is why internet use and online contact have become more common. During the period under review, older people's willingness to use digital tools increased and this also broadened their opportunities, such as by developing their skills, which was often a necessity. This is also true for online purchases. Online consumption has also increased among older age groups, as well as among all age groups of domestic consumers. For older people in particular, this is influenced by their opportunities for digitalisation. The main advantage of digitalisation for older people is that they can keep in touch with each other and with their family members living further away much more easily, but the disadvantage is the financial cost, as not all older people can afford to have the right technical conditions, internet access and skills.

Assessing the Economic Value of The Hydropower Energy: The Role of Social Capital and Socio-economic Factors

A good strategy for dealing with environmental problems and improving environmental sustainability. This study examines the extent to which local communities in Yogyakarta, Kulon Progo area, Indonesia are willing to increase hydropower energy. The influence of social capital on people's willingness to get involved was studied using a logistic regression model. Based on the findings, 95% of residents are likely to make financial contributions to improve hydropower energy facilities. Increased social capital, consisting of strong interpersonal relationships, community involvement, and trust, is strongly associated with this engagement. This study adds to the literature by emphasizing the possible function of social capital in the process of adjustment to changes in renewable energy from hydropower energy in households.

The Role of Self-Threat and Self-Affirmation in Initiation of Political Conversations

Both in their quantity and their quality, informal political conversations can provide an important bellwether for democratic health. However, not everyone is willing to participate in political conversations in all settings, and systematic imbalances in who chooses not to share political attitudes can distort perceptions of public opinion. Using data from three original surveys, including both observational and experimental analysis, we examine people’s decisions to initiate political discussions using a psychological framework of self-threat and self-affirmation. We find that political conversations pose a higher level of self-threat when disagreement is probable and the relationship with the potential discussion partner is weaker. High levels of self-threat, measured via self-reported anxiety, are associated with a lower willingness to initiate a political conversation. However, self-threat can be counteracted. While it does not reduce the anxiety associated with a threatening situation, self-affirmation increases people’s willingness to initiate a political conversation in higher threat circumstances. This suggests that efforts to find common ground or boost confidence by reflecting on non-political values could increase the pool of people willing to bring up and share their political views.