People Of Northeast India Research Articles

Nature’s marvel, Deep water rice

Rice is the most important food crop of India. It is the staple food in most of the North Eastern parts as well as Southern part of India. Therefore, the people of North East India especially Assam is completely dependent on rice cultivation and its production. However, Assam is immensely affected by flood during the monsoon season. During that time of the year, most of the rice varieties are intolerant to water stress by submergence. Therefore, farmers are only able to cultivate deep water rice varieties during this season. Deep water rice shows an incredible tolerance to water-logged condition by escaping or managing to survive during submergence. Due to its fascinating water stress tolerance properties, it has been a major topic of concern. This review aims at encompassing the major studies done to investigate the factors responsible for making the plant tolerant to submergence and to evaluate its phytochemicals and nutritional values. Studying deeper into the plant can help in its biofortification as well as improve its yield through different breeding programs using enhanced varieties and thereby develop its marketing status.

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Verbascoside from Clerodendrum glandulosum Leaves for Analysis of Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities.

Verbascoside (VER) is a phenylethanoid glycoside compound found in Clerodendrum species and is an important part of traditional medicine. It is found in the leaves of Clerodendrum glandulosum, which is taken as a soup or vegetable and also utilized in traditional medicine by the people of Northeast India, especially against hypertension and diabetes. In the present study, VER was extracted from C. glandulosum leaves using ultrasound-assisted extraction through the solvent extraction method (ethanol-water, ethanol, and water). The ethanol extract had the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents, viz., 110.55 mg GAE/g and 87.60 mg QE/g, respectively. HPLC and LC-MS were used to identify the active phenolic compound, and VER was found to be the main component present in the extraction with a molecular weight of 624.59 g/mol. NMR (1H, 2D-COSY) analysis showed the presence of hydroxytyrosol, caffeic acid, glucose, and rhamnose in the VER backbone. Further, different antioxidant activities and antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemia enzyme markers' inhibition against VER-enriched ethanol extract were evaluated. The results showed that ultrasound extraction of polyphenols using ethanol from C. glandulosum could be a promising technique for the extraction of bioactive compounds.

Effects of the Doctrine of Discovery: A Strive to Build Sustainable and Peaceful Communities in North East India

The article analyzes the Doctrine of Discovery, which advocates racial superiority and colonization of indigenous lands. Indigenous people of North East India continually strive for sustainable and peaceful situation. A strong relational bond between the ethnic tribes and the environment is fundamental for self-determination, sustainability, and peace. Consequently, humans bond with land stirs a readiness to sacrifice their lives for their motherland juxtaposed in the precarious context of international boundaries and past colonial annexations. The colonial-influenced literature has molded their ethnic identity. This further leads to an upsurge of emic historical and anthropological perspective writings, framing their history, interaction with the environment, the rise of ethnic consciousness and identity politics. There is a continuous struggle to free themselves from the colonial enslavement of the Doctrine of Discovery that has ultimately encroached on their land and culture.

Christian missions and northeast India

The British colonized the India in eighteenth century and eventually control over the northeast region in the nineteenth century, the region inhabited basically by the Indigenous peoples, served to open doors to the region for the missionaries. The pioneer missionaries who came to Northeast India in the nineteenth century belonged to the American Baptist Foreign Mission and Welsh Presbyterian missions. It was a known fact that there was a working relation between the British colonial powers and Christian missions in Northeast India. Both the colonial power and missions held the "civilizing responsibility" as their shared goal. Therefore, the concern of the paper is to study the proliferation of Christianity and impact of Christian missionary activities on the people of Northeast India with special reference to the tribal society.

Functionalised carbon from Musa Balbisiana stems - a byproduct of edible alkali preparation and a suitable adsorbent for fluoride and arsenic from contaminated water

A popular traditional food additive amongst the Assamese people of North East India is Kol-Khar or banana peel alkali. The preparation of this edible alkali is carried out by aqueous extraction of ashes obtained from slow burning of hard sun dried banana stems and peels of Musa Balbisiana. The alkali is extracted from the ashes by water washing. The carbon fraction obtained in the process remains as a byproduct. This carbon due to exposure to high alkalinity during alkali extraction undergoes a base mediated surface functionalisation. From FESEM images, some holes and cave type openings are found on the surface of this carbon. From EDX spectra the chemical composition of the carbon was obtained. The number of acidic and basic sites so formed could be determined by Boehm titration. This functionalized waste bio carbon was used as an adsorbent for fluoride and arsenic from ground water. Effect of different parameters like adsorbent dose, contact time, temperature and pH of adsorbate on defluoridation capacity of the material was studied in the present work. The adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetics were also investigated. From batch mode study 73 % removal of fluoride and 79.8 % removal of arsenic are obtained from each 5 mg/L spiked fluoride and arsenic solution.

Discrimination, Challenge and Response: People of North East India

Discrimination, Challenge and Response: People of North East India

PHARMACOLOGICAL IMPACT OF EDIBLE MACROFUNGI D. SPATHULARIA AND S. COMMUNE ON HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE OF ALBINO RAT

Hematological investigations had been seen as helpful instruments in diagnosing the condition of wellbeing of an individual, the impact of food consumed can be assessed utilizing these apprehensions. In addition, the distinctive blood cell parameters are likewise helpful in the appraisal of immunological status of the individual. The present work was aimed to assess the impact of aqueous extract of edible macrofungiDacryopinaxspathularia and Schizophyllum commune on hematological parameters of albino rats. The two experimental macrofungi have been reported to possess several pharmacological properties like antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective efficacies, and these are also used as traditional dietary and medicinal sources especially by the local people of North-east India. But the impact of these two edible macrofungi on the haematological parameters is still not reported. The results of the present work revealed that on administration of D. spathularia extract (500 mg/kg BW), slight but significant increase in total WBC count, platelets, eosinophils and monocytes was observed. There was no significant change found in rest of the hematological parameters. On the other hand, the administration of S. commune extract (500 mg/kg BW) had resulted into slight but significant increase in total WBC count and eosinophils, and rest all hematological parameters had not changed significantly. Thus, the two edible macrofungi under study does not have any adverse effects on haematological parameters and hence they are safe and can be used as dietary and nutraceutical purpose.

Discrimination, Challenge and Response: People of North East India

Pulla, V., Bhattacharyya, R., & Bhatt, S. (eds). Discrimination, Challenge and Response-People of North East India, Palgrave Macmillan, 2020, 203 pp., ISBN 978-3-030-46250-5, eBook:£87.50; Hardcover: £109.99

Partaking And Responsibility Of Zeliangrong Women In Gaan-Ngai Festival

Festivals are considered as safety valve. It removes the stress and strain of time and circumstances. In a year, the Zeliangrong people of Northeast India celebrate nine festivals based on agricultural operations of lunar calendar. The ways of life of the people are reflected in their various festivals and their social relevance is very great. They provide not only entertainment and social festivities to them, but also act as an integrating force for the community as a whole. Among the festivals, Gaan-ngai is the biggest festival of the Zeliangrongs and it lasts for five days. It is during the celebration that they perform rites and rituals, offer prayer to Tingkao Ragwang, the Supreme God for abundant harvest, well-being and general prosperity for the whole village community. They also bid ritual farewell to the dead ancestors. The cultural values, the aesthetic and creative senses, their love of beauty and color are expressed in the festival. Dances, folk songs, drum beating, shouting of hoi, traditional games and sports etc. are performed in the festival. Various items of delicious food and drink for the festival are prepared and consumed. The role of women is very great as they actively take part in the festival like their male counterparts. The girls of the dormitory perform the dances called Chapa Laam and the married women too perform dances on the fifth day. Food and drink of the festival are prepared by them only. Without women the celebration of Gaan-ngai festival is incomplete. Usually, the Gaan-ngai festival is celebrated in the month of December or January every year.

Tribals, Empire and God: A Tribal Reading of the Birth of Jesus in Matthew's Gospel by Zhodi Angami

Reviewed by: Tribals, Empire and God: A Tribal Reading of the Birth of Jesus in Matthew's Gospel by Zhodi Angami Olugbenga Olagunju Angami, Zhodi. 2017. Tribals, Empire and God: A Tribal Reading of the Birth of Jesus in Matthew's Gospel. London: T&T Clark. Hardback. ISBN 978-0567671318. Pp. 332. $135. This book represents a developing area of biblical hermeneutics that is concerned with reading the NT from the perspective of tribal people. The book differs from other examples of biblical interpretation in that it uses an eclectic methodology to offer a coherent and concise worldview relevant to the tribal people of North East India, who still see themselves as living under colonial rule. Angami advances his method of NT interpretation to make these tribal people appreciate Matthew's infancy narrative as one that was written to subvert and resist imperial rule. In the same way, he encourages the marginalised people of North East India to rise up and subvert the colonial rule in their domain. The book comprises seven chapters. The first chapter describes the methodology adopted for the research project. The author provides a vivid description of his research method from the outset. He explicitly defines the word "tribal" from different perspectives and ends up focusing on its operational definition in the context of North East India. The method of [End Page 198] research is clearly spelled out, which he terms "eclectic." It is a combination of methods, which in this project includes contextual reader-response criticism and intertextuality that links biblical narratives with the tribal context. The location of the project is identified as North East India. Chapter two elucidates the method of research further. Angami discusses biblical interpretation from various social and cultural locations. He argues that cultural studies take into consideration the social and historical context of the text, while at the same time recognising the importance of the context of the real reader in the interpretation of the text. Angami observes that in cultural and contextual studies, engagement with the text happens with a passion that sharply contrasts reading it from a distance. The latter has long been equated with objective research. He concludes this chapter by noting that the tribal context belongs to the margin and that North East India "continues to be in the shadows of the consciousness of people" (72). The author traces the origins of Jesus the Messiah in chapter three. He does so by conducting an explorative study of the genealogy of Jesus in Matthew's birth narratives, which starts with Abraham and ends with Joseph. The genealogy is read as "a subversive text, a counter-imperial narrative" (79). This approach reveals that Jesus was born within the margins of Jewish society, which also applies to the community in which Jesus was born. As one might expect from someone who comes from a community that is riddled with flaws, the genealogy of Jesus does not by any means form a perfect line of descent. Angami also juxtaposes the birth narratives of Jesus with the tribal birth practices in North East India. He finds a number of surprises in the genealogy of Jesus, including the "language of beginning" and the inclusion of women from Jewish Scripture. The author acknowledges the impact of the presence of women in the genealogy, which culminates in the ultimate disclosure that it is Mary who brings forth the Messiah. He concludes that the birth narratives of Jesus in Matthew's Gospel are synonymous with the birth of a new creation, that is, an inclusive world that places the marginalised within the realm of redemptive discourse. In chapter four, the author discusses the birth of Jesus the Messiah. Paying detailed attention to the Jewish background of the text, Angami rereads the birth narratives in Matthew's Gospel. He notes that Joseph would naturally have accused his wife Mary of infidelity were it not for the intervention of the angel, who gave instruction on how to save the baby. According to Joseph's Jewish culture, he would have been justified in [End Page 199] divorcing Mary given the stigma and reproach that would have resulted from the pregnancy. During the pregnancy, Joseph disciplined himself by...

Antiplasmodial Activity of Gnetum gnemon Leaves and Compounds Isolated from them

Gnetum gnemon L. (Gnetaceae) is used traditionally for treating malaria related fever by indigenous people of North East India. In our preliminary study, the ethanol extract of G. gnemon leaves showed promising antiplamodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine sensitive (3D7) strain in vitro with an IC50 value of 29.4 μg/mL. Therefore, it was further investigated, and by following a bioassay guided approach, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl icosanoate (1), oleic acid (2) and ursolic acid (3) were isolated for the first time from this plant. Compound 3 showed highest antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values of 4.0 and 6.0 μg/mL against chloroquine sensitive (3D7) and resistant (Dd2) strains of P. falciparum, respectively. The antiplasmodial activity of 1 (IC50 9.5 and 11.4 μg/mL) and 2 (IC50 17.6 and 21.1 μg/mL) was moderate. The isolated constituents showed low cytotoxicity against rat skeletal muscle (L6) and human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. This is the first report on the antimalarial potential of G. gnemon and the isolated compounds may be responsible for its activity. The findings of the study are in line with the ethnopharmacological claim and can be possible leads for future studies.

Scientific evaluation of Shidal technology - An age old traditional practice of fish preservation of Northeast India

Fermented fish products are consumed by the ethnic people of northeast India as part of their daily diet and also play a significant role in their traditional life style beside some traditional beliefs regarding their health beneficial effects. Among these, fermented fish product prepared from Puntius sp. and Setipinna phasa, known as Shidal is most popular and widely consumed in different states of northeast India. The study was conducted to evaluate the scientific technology regarding processing and production of shidal as well as quality characteristics of Shidal prepared from both the species. The proximate composition shidal indicate their importance in human nutrition particularly in terms of crude protein and lipid. Volatile nitrogenous compounds were found in higher range in both the products; however, lipid oxidation was limited may be due to absence of prooxidants. Both fermented Puntius sp. and Setipinna phasa samples of NEI were found to be loaded with higher number of microbes with significant contribution from lactic acid bacteria which indicates their probiotic importance.

Screening Indigenous Medicinal Plants of Northeast India for Their Anti-Alzheimer’s Properties

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurologic disease of the brain that affects intellectual abilities, reasoning and memory. Acetylcholine (ACh) is involved in the maintenance of cognitive process. Pathologically, ACh production is compromised in the brains of AD affected people. Presence of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the synaptic cleft, which hydrolyzes ACh, further decreases the ACh-levels, and thereby, additionally compromises cognition. The tribal people of North East India have been using indigenous plants as traditional medicine for brain disorders. We assayed whether the plants used in the traditional tribal knowledge for the treatment of brain disorders might contain better AChE-inhibitors. Methods: We collected 10 traditional medicinal plants from Northeast India. A total of 39 plant extracts were prepared using three solvent systems. The Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured with Ellman method. The experiment was done in triplicate for each level of inhibitor. The activity was measured at 412 nm wavelength using Plate Reader. The standard student t-test was used to show significant difference in IC50 values between extracts. Results: The result are reported based on Km, Vmax, IC50 (μg/μl), percentage inhibition and inhibition pattern. Two extracts had competitive inhibition, 11 extracts had mixed inhibition, 2 extracts had non-competitive inhibition, 11 extracts had uncompetitive inhibition and 4 extracts did not provide any proper pattern. The IC50 for these plant extracts were at the range of 0.51-12.4 μg/μl. Notably, Cinnamomum camphora (leaf: chloroform), Litsea glutinosa (stem; chloroform), and Litsea glutinosa (stem; methanol) showed IC50 values of 0.51, 0.53 & 0.81 μg/μl, respectively.

Germination and Growth Behaviour of Seedlings of Emblica ofƒicinalis Gaertn under Different Light and Nutrient Regimes in Field Conditions

Emblica officinalis Gaertn. is an important non-timber forest product plant which is known in improving livelihood of the people of north-east India. This plant is widely used in the Indian system of medicines and believed to increase the body immunity against diseases. A trial was made to assess the initial growth performance of seedlings of E. officinalis under three light regimes viz. Open-100% ambient sunlight (FAL), partial-80% ambient sunlight (PAL) and deep shade-40% ambient sunlight (DAL) and four nutrient conditions (NPK, saw dust biochar, cowdung and untreated) during a 3-months period in the Department of Forestry Mizoram University, Mizoram India. After 12 weeks of exposure to different light regimes and nutrient conditions, initial growth parameters of the seedlings like number of leaves, shoot length, root length, biomass and vigour index measured in order to understand the best growth conditions for the plant. The results reveal that seed germination and other growth parameters were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by light regimes and nutrient treatments. The seedling height, number of leaves, shoot length, root length and biomass was significantly higher under FAL. All growth parameters including seed germination were poor under DAL.

Social Media - A study to explore its Role and Contribution in Promoting Peace

In today’s world, the internet technology has grown widely, and social media have become a new platform to connect people. We see the use of social media to bridge the divides between different ethnic and religious groups and fostering inter-ethnic dialogues. Recently we have witnessed the Arab Spring, the Jan Lokpal Bill of Anna Hazare, and many such cases that have proved the power of social media. Thus, we can say that this was just the beginning of a wave, an era in the use of social networks to bring people together to fight and protest against violence. The power of social media cannot be ignored today. It has become essential and easy medium to reach a large number of audiences and has become a vital element of today’s life. The social media has proved itself to be a powerful tool for the promotion of peace and has provided not only national but international platform, which allows people to make a positive difference. Social media can be a powerful tool to mobilize people to build peace. With an estimation of around 200 million-plus blogs, more than 120 million YouTube videos and over 500 million Facebook users worldwide, we know that online social networking is a form of human interaction with enormous impact. It is a well-known fact that media affects the minds and behaviors of young people. If media and technology combined together, it can save lives. Thus, the main objective of the study was to evaluate the strength and weaknesses of social media as a tool in facilitating peace in Conflict Situation. The study also tried to analyze and figure out the contribution of social media in promoting peace and preventing violence. For the study various blogs were considered, who were working to bind the people of Northeast India together. Many social networking sites were studied as well to explore many facts.

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Leea asiatica leaves against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Leea asiatica (L.) Ridsdale, a folk medicinal plant is used by the ethnic people of North East India for the treatment of hepatic disorder. In this study, we have investigated the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of L. asiatica leaves against acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity. Methanol extract of L. asiatica (150 and 300 ㎎/㎏/day, p.o.) were administered to rats for three consecutive days followed by single acetaminophen (3000 ㎎/㎏, p.o.) administration on 3rd day. After 48 h of acetaminophen administration animals were sacrificed and biochemical estimation of serum, in vivo antioxidant activity using liver tissue were carried out. High levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, serum alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, total cholesterol and triglycerides were observed in disease control group, which found near to normal in extract treated groups. Higher dose exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity against acetaminophen induced toxicity. Level of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase in liver tissue, and reduced glutathione in liver and blood were also significantly increased in extract (300 ㎎/㎏) treated animals compare to disease control group. In this study we found that leaves of L. asiatica exhibited potent hepatoprotective activity against acetaminophen induced hepatic damage in experimental animals which justify the folklore claim, and the possible mechanism of this activity may be due to strong antioxidant activities of extract.

Triple negative breast cancer in people of North East India: critical insights gained at a regional cancer centre.

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease comprising of distinct biological subtypes with many targeted prognostic biomarkers having therapeutic implications. However, no specific targeted therapy for triple negative breast cancer has been discovered to date and hence further research is needed. The aim and objectives of the present study were to examine the prevalence of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) in North-East India and to compare the clinicopathological parameters in two study groups defined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) -"TNBC" and "Others". We carried out a retrospective study in a cohort of 972 patients diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma in the Department of Pathology, Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, a Regional Cancer Centre for treatment and research, Guwahati, for a period of 3 years and 10 months from January 2010 to October 2013. Based on IHC findings, patients were divided into two groups - "TNBC" and "Others". All relevant clinicopathological parameters were compared in both. TNBC were defined as those that were estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2/neu negative while those positive for any of these markers were defined as "Others". In this study, out of total 972 cases 31.9% (310 cases) were defined as TNBC and 662 cases (68.1%) as "Others" based on IHC markers. Compared to the "Others" category, TNBC presented at an early age (mean 40 years), were associated with high grade large tumours and high rate of node positivity, IDC NOS being the most common histological subtype in TNBC. TNBC accounts for a significant portion of breast cancers in this part of India and commonly present at younger age and tend to be large high grade tumours.

Diversity of Edible Insects and Practices of Entomophagy in India: An Overview

Insects, a traditional food in many parts of the world, are highly nutritious and especially rich in proteins and these represent a potential food and protein source. The ethnic people of India also consume insects as food. A review on the practices of entomophagy in India revealed that about 255 species of insects are taken as food by different tribes of India. Among these edible species of insects, consumption of coleopteran species was highest constituting about 34%; followed by Orthoptera (24%); Hemiptera (17%); Hymanoptera (10%); Odonatae (8%); Lepidoptera (4%); Isoptera (2%) and the least was Ephimeroptera (1%). Food insects are chosen by members of various tribes according to their traditional beliefs, taste, regional and seasonal availability of the edible insects. Depending on the species, only certain, but sometimes all, developmental stages are consumed. Preparation of the edible insects for consumption involves mainly roasting or boiling. Sometimes spices are added to enhance the taste. Practice of entomophagy is quite common among the ethnic people of North East India particularly among the tribes of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur and Nagaland and to a lesser extent by the tribes of Meghalaya and Mizoram. Comparatively this practice is much lower (constituting about one to five insect species) among the ethnic people of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha of South and Central part of India. Therefore, there is an urgent need to focus on the studies related to entomophagy, and to promote entomophagy/ethno-entomological research to document all edible insects and their mode of consumption by various tribal communities in India.

Antidiarrhoeal Evaluation of Root Extract, Its Bioactive Fraction, and Lupinifolin Isolated from Eriosema chinense

The roots of the plant Eriosema chinense are traditionally used by the tribal people of North East India for treatment of diarrhoea. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to scientifically validate the traditional claim that these roots have an antidiarrhoeal effect. Ethanol extract along with three fractions, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and hexane, as well as isolated lupinifolin from the chloroform fraction, were screened for the normal faecal excretion rate and castor oil-induced diarrhoea model. The results demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in normal faecal output at ethanol extract 400, chloroform fraction 100, chloroform fraction 200, and lupinifolin 10 mg/kg p. o. after the 3rd, 5th, and 7th hours of treatment. Also, the same dose level of ethanol extract, chloroform fraction, and lupinifolin depicted maximum protection from diarrhoea in the castor oil-induced diarrhoea model showing a ceiling effect at chloroform fraction 100 mg/kg p. o. Ethanol extract at 400, its bioactive fraction chloroform fraction at 100, and lupinifolin at 10 mg/kg p. o. significantly inhibited peristaltic index, intestinal fluid volume, and PGE₂-induced enteropooling. They also restored alterations in biochemical parameters such as nitric oxide, total carbohydrates, protein, DNA, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and lipid peroxidation. The ethanol extract, chloroform fraction, and lupinifolin demonstrated a significant recovery from Na+ and K+ loss and a pronounced antibacterial activity against bacterial strains mainly implicated in diarrhoea. Phytochemical analysis revealed the ethanol extract and chloroform fraction to be highly rich in flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, and tannin contents, whereas lupinifolin (a prenylated flavanone), isolated and quantified by HPTLC for the first time, was found to comprise 6.480 % and 6.718 % (w/w) of the ethanol extract and chloroform fraction, respectively. The antidiarrhoeal activity of the chloroform fraction was found to be the highest, followed by those of the ethanol extract and lupinifolin, which may be due to the presence of lupinifolin along with other phytoconstituents. Thus, the study scientifically validated the antidiarrhoeal potential of the roots from E. chinense, which may be attributed to antimotility- and antisecretory-type effects with a potential antibacterial activity.

Quality control standardization and antioxidant activity of roots from Eriosema chinense

BackgroundRoots of the plant Eriosema chinense Vogel are used as a vegetable by the people of Northern Australia and North East India. Traditionally, the roots of the plant are used for the treatment of diarrhea by the tribal people of North East India. AimThe present study was undertaken to perform quality control standardization and to evaluate antioxidant activity of roots from Eriosema chinense. MethodsThe roots were examined macroscopically, microscopically and various physicochemical parameters were evaluated using standard guidelines. Further, quantitative estimations of different phytoconstituents along with standardization of ethanol extract with HPTLC using lupinifolin as a marker compound was also done. The extract was also evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity using different experimental models. ResultsThe brown coloured bulb shaped, hairy roots showed the presence of cortical cells densely filled with tannins, lignified sclerenchymatous pericyclic fibers and central lignified xylem vessels with spiral thickening. Physicochemical parameters evaluated included ash values, extractive values, loss on drying, foaming index, swelling index, foreign matter, crude fiber content, pesticide residue and heavy metal analysis which were found to be in prescribed limits, Fluorescence powder drug analysis and total number of starch grains was also evaluated while total hemolytic activity was found to be moderate. Phytochemical screening of different extracts and quantitative estimations revealed the extract to be rich in carbohydrates, flavonoid, phenols and tannins, while lupinifolin quantified by HPTLC in ethanol extract was found to be 6.48% w/w. In vitro antioxidant studies depicted a potent antioxidant activity of extract that may be attributed to the presence of higher amount of flavonoids, phenols and tannins. ConclusionThe quality control standards obtained in the present study will provide referential information to researchers for proper identification and authentication of plant and will help in maintaining its pharmaceutical, botanical and economical importance.