People Look Research Articles

A Dramaturgical Position to Reveal the Affect of Space on Discriminatory Judgments of Behaviour

AbstractBuilt environment disciplines investigate how spaces affect discriminatory judgments between community members through a body of knowledge called discriminatory design. Spatial-discriminatory events occur in various ways, however, they are more potently identified and studied in relation to the static attributes of people and space; how people look, or where they are in relation to space. This paper answers calls from scholars for an alternative position to investigate how spaces affect judgments of people’s behaviour. The paper builds and rationalises a theoretical hypothesis formed through Goffman’s dramaturgy which is tested and refined through a survey-experiment. The study offers an alternative theoretical position for researchers that aim to bring the behavioural dimension of spatial discrimination into focus.

Different features for different races: Tracking the eyes of Asian, Black, and White participants viewing Asian, Black, and White Faces.

The own-race bias (ORB) is an effect in which humans remember faces from their own race better than faces from another race. Where people look when processing faces of different races plays a role in this effect, but the exact relationship between looking and the ORB is debated. One perspective is that the same facial features are important for memory for faces of all races and the ORB emerges when people look longer at the useful features for own- than other-race faces. Another perspective is that different facial features are useful for faces of different races and the ORB emerges when people look longer at features that are useful for their own race than at features that are useful for other-race faces. The present study aimed to discriminate these perspectives by examining looking patterns in Asian, Black, and White participants while they learned and later recognized Asian, Black, and White faces. Regardless of their race, participants looked at different facial features depending on the race of the face. In addition, different features were useful for memory depending on the race of the face. As such, results are in line with the perspective that different facial features are useful for different race faces.

Efficiency of post-meal memory inhibition predicts subsequent food intake

Memory processes may contribute to appetite regulation. When people look at palatable foods, their desire to consume them depends upon memory retrieval (i.e., recalling if it will taste good). If memory inhibition occurs during satiety, then pleasant eating-related memories will not be retrieved, making eating less likely. In contrast, if memory inhibition is less efficient, pleasant food-related memories will be retrieved, the food will appear desirable, and the chance of consumption increases. Here we tested whether a putative measure of memory inhibition could predict post-meal snack food intake. Study participants looked at palatable snacks and judged their desire to eat them (i.e., a memory-dependent process), and then ate a small sample of each food, and rated them for liking (i.e., an orosensory-dependent process) – all using category rating scales. Following a filling meal, this test was repeated, alongside others. Finally, participants were given the opportunity for ad libitum snack food consumption, in addition to collecting measures such as impulsivity. Poorer memory inhibition (i.e., smaller changes in wanting relative to liking from pre-to post-meal) was associated with greater consumption of snacks on the ad libitum test (Sr2% = 4.4, p = 0.006) after controlling for other variables likely to influence eating (e.g., impulsivity). This effect was maintained even when the memory inhibition measure was based on foods different to those being consumed on the ad libitum snacking test. In conclusion, memory inhibition may contribute to food intake regulation, and when this is less efficient, more palatable food is likely to be eaten in the post-meal period.

Where do people look when they walk or run at different speeds?

Where do people look when they walk or run at different speeds?

A user study of visualisations of spatio-temporal eye tracking data

AbstractEye movements have a spatial (where people look), but also a temporal (when people look) component. Various types of visualizations have been proposed that take this spatio-temporal nature of the data into account, but it is unclear how well each one can be interpreted and whether such interpretation depends on the question asked about the data or the nature of the dataset that is being visualised. In this study, four spatio-temporal visualization techniques for eye movements (chord diagram, scan path, scarf plot, space-time cube) were compared in a user study. Participants $$(N = 25)$$ ( N = 25 ) answered three questions (what region first, what region most, which regions most between) about each visualization, which was based on two types of datasets (eye movements towards adverts, eye movements towards pairs of gambles). Accuracy of the answers depended on a combination of the dataset, the question that needed to answered, and the type of visualization. For most questions, the scan path, which did not use area of interest (AOI) information, resulted in lower accuracy than the other graphs. This suggests that AOIs improve the information conveyed by graphs. No effects of experience with reading graphs (for work or not for work) or education on accuracy of the answer was found. The results therefore suggest that there is no single best visualisation of the spatio-temporal aspects of eye movements. When visualising eye movement data, a user study may therefore be beneficial to determine the optimal visualization of the dataset and research question at hand. Graphical abstract

The effectiveness and health impact of fad diets on obese patients: a literature review

Introduction and purpose Obesity is a serious health problem nowadays and it is becoming more and more common. There are plenty of causes of obesity including bad eating habits, genetic factors, and psychological factors. A lot of obese people look for a way to lose weight. Fad diets are popular dietary strategies which are promoted as a quick way to lose weight. This article highlights some popular dietary strategies including low-carbohydrate diet, low-fat diet, Paleolithic Diet and Detox Diet. The aim of this paper is to analyse their effectiveness in the process of successful weight loss and their health impact. State of knowledge According to WHO in 2022 1 in 8 people in the world were obese. Fad diets are promoted as methods to improve health and as a quick way to lose weight. However, available research suggests a rather unfavorable impact on human health in the context of long-term adherence to these diets. Limited data suggests the beneficial long-term health impact of such diets. Moreover, dieting and weight cycling caused by the repetitive process of weight loss after dieting and weight regain afterwards may also play a role in the development of obesity. Conclusion Fad diets are not recommended as a long-term way of nutrition. The main limitation of these dietary strategies is their short-term effectiveness rather than long-term. Adherence to these diets is hard for patients. Because of their strict rules and food exclusions, the risk of weight regain is high. Moreover, they do not show many positive long-term health consequences and they are not superior to conventional healthy diets. What’s more, strict obedience to fad diets for extended periods of time may be detrimental to the dieter's health.

From the Perspective of People with Dementia: Using Creative Qualitative Measures to Assess the Values and Opinions on Freedom and Safety among People Living with Dementia.

With the growing numbers of people living in old age, a system that sustains autonomy, dignity and freedom of movement for people living with dementia (PwD) needs to be installed. However, due to the cognitive constraints in the cohort of PwD, traditional qualitative methods of inquiry, such as interviews, are often not a good match. This study aimed to use creative qualitative assessment tools to assess the values and opinions of PwD in nursing homes on freedom and safety. Twenty-two nursing home residents with memory problems participated in this study. Important themes related to freedom and safety were identified using a diverse set of methodologies. Overall, residents had a similar view on 'safety', relating this to having a homely environment where people look out for you, with a good balance between busy and quiet areas and being able to retain cognitive and physical function. Values around freedom were more diverse. Residents who were still capable of logical speech generally voiced a wish for independence, making one's own decisions and wanting to go outside. For residents who no longer spoke, freedom seemed to be experienced more through the connection to other people. These results show that PwD still have distinct personal values concerning freedom and safety, which should be given due consideration in decision-making regarding nursing home policy, thereby potentially improving the quality of life of PwD.

When knowing the activity is not enough to predict gaze.

It is reasonable to assume that where people look in the world is largely determined by what they are doing. The reasoning is that the activity determines where it is useful to look at each moment in time. Assuming that it is vital to accurately judge the positions of the steps when navigating a staircase, it is surprising that people differ a lot in the extent to which they look at the steps. Apparently, some people consider the accuracy of peripheral vision, predictability of the step size, and feeling the edges of the steps with their feet to be good enough. If so, occluding part of the view of the staircase and making it more important to place one's feet gently might make it more beneficial to look directly at the steps before stepping onto them, so that people will more consistently look at many steps. We tested this idea by asking people to walk on staircases, either with or without a tray with two cups of water on it. When carrying the tray, people walked more slowly, but they shifted their gaze across steps in much the same way as they did when walking without the tray. They did not look at more steps. There was a clear positive correlation between the fraction of steps that people looked at when walking with and without the tray. Thus, the variability in the extent to which people look at the steps persists when one makes walking on the staircase more challenging.

Integrating Artificial Intelligence Techniques with Computational Mathematics for Solving Complex Problems

Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods along with computational mathematics is changing the way that hard problems are solved in many areas. This combination of fields uses the best parts of AI, like machine learning, neural networks, and natural language processing, to make computational mathematics, which is mostly about numbers, algorithms, and statistics, more powerful. Researchers can solve difficult problems more quickly, accurately, and on a larger scale by building AI methods into computer systems. Machine learning systems, for example, can find the best answers to differential equations by guessing what will happen and finding trends in very big datasets that would be hard to process any other way. In addition, neural networks help by modeling nonlinear systems and estimating difficult functions. This makes their answers more reliable when standard methods fail. Also, AI-driven optimization methods like genetic algorithms and simulated annealing are very useful for solving high-dimensional optimization problems that come up in economics, engineering, and physics. Putting these technologies together makes it easier to create adaptable, smart systems that can learn and change in real time. This improves the way decisions are made and predictive analytics are used. AI and computer mathematics also work well together to make models more accurate in areas that need them, like biological engineering, climate modeling, and financial forecasting. This combined method not only speeds up the computing process, but it also creates new study and growth opportunities by letting people look into problems that were previously impossible to solve. AI is getting better all the time, and combining it with computational mathematics could completely change how problems are solved, leading to huge finds and progress in many fields of science and industry.

‘Mitigation is global, adaptation is local’: An assessment of the framing of climate change in Nigerian and South African newspapers

The economic impact of climate change, especially in Africa, is tremendous. As Africans battle with severe weather conditions like floods and droughts, their limited infrastructure is overstretched and, in most cases, cannot withstand the impact. The rains are flooding cities in Nigeria as drought ravages cities in South Africa. When events like these occur, people look to the media for information, and studies have shown that the media can influence public perception of climate change through the way they frame the issue. Using the issue-specific frames of mitigation and adaptation, this study analysed Nigerian and South African newspapers’ coverage of climate change. The study spanned 9 months (January-September 2018), and the online editions of The Punch, Leadership, Mail & Guardian and News Everyday were content-analysed quantitatively using tables and frequencies, and qualitatively, using verbatim quotes. A total of 90 stories were obtained from the four newspapers, with the straight news format as the most used story genre. The major sources of news stories on climate change were the reporters, followed by experts/private individuals. The adaptation frame was the most used, showing that the African media understands the need to mobilise citizens locally for a collective fight against climate change.

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Lip Balm

Abstract: All lip balms, including those referred to as salves or butters are meant to keep lips safe. They have a moisturizing component that stops water loss, such lanolin, shea butter, or petroleum jelly. Lip balm has wax added to help it adhere to lips. Lip balms are products that are put to the lips to shield them from the elements and stop them from drying out. There are a lot of chemical-based lip balms on the market right now from brands like Nivea, Himalaya, Blistex, The Body Shop, and so on. Since lipstick is a cosmetic form akin to lip balm, references to lipstick in the cosmetic literature apply despite the paucity of data on this type of formulation reported in the literature. It is important to distinguish lip balm from lip gloss, as the former is a product meant for use by both sexes. It's important to balance the concentration of the primary ingredients, such as butters, oils, waxes, and other excipients, while making lip balms. To guarantee they have healthy, radiant skin, many people look for anti-aging creams, weekly facials, daily skin washes, and a host of other goods

CORN CULTURE: FROM THE FIRST RECORDS TO HARVESTING AND STORAGE

The culture of corn (Zea mays L.) has great economic importance, as corn is used in different ways and cultures, ranging from animal feed to high-technology industry. For example, the use of corn grain the animals feed represents the majority of consumption of this cereal. The objective of this literature review is to report on the emergence of corn, its morphology, harvesting and storage of this crop. This study took place in 2023 and used different studies as a basis to develop this review. In this review, we summarize that corn cultivation in both states and countries has been growing and so has its production demand. However, corn-based products make people look for more knowledge about this crop, as information is still very scarce, and it makes farmers look for more information every day, as this crop is growing in demand both production and commercialization in different states and municipalities.

THE EFFECT OF DRAGON FRUIT ON INCREASING HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS IN ADOLESCENT WOMEN: LITERATURE REVIEW

Background : Adolescent girls have a high risk of experiencing anemia, this is caused by loss of iron during menstruation. Adolescent girls have a higher risk of developing anemia than adolescent boys because adolescent girls experience menstruation every month and there is a desire to eat less so that the body lacks important nutrients such as iron. Pharmacological therapy for anemia by administering Fe supplements. However, administering drugs and supplements causes side effects so that people look for alternative treatments other than pharmacological therapy. One alternative to overcome anemia is by consuming dragon fruit. Objective : To analyze in a literature review the effect of dragon fruit on increasing hemoglobin levels in adolescent girls. Method : This research uses a systematic literature review method. Journal search via PUBMED, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar and Science Direct databases. The journal used was 10 articles. Results : Based on a review of 10 articles, it can be concluded that dragon fruit has been proven to have an effect on increasing hemoglobin levels in young women.

Character Education: Examining The Mental Revolution In The Context Of Islamic Education

Mental Revolution is interpreted as a change in mindset in national life. Mental revolution does not simply rely on good intentions, but must take into account structural changes in societal interactions. In the realm of Islamic education, mental revolution must consider the structure of meaning, domination and legitimacy. These three things condition the mindset of Islamic education practitioners, the Islamic Education System, and the structure of Islamic education institutions themselves. The orientation of change as a result of implementing the mental revolution must be shown in the form of improving educational services for the welfare of society. Islamic educational institutions are expected to be able to explain injustice, arbitrariness and make people look, feel, think and act more rationally and wisely.

Dinamika Koalisi Partai Politik dalam Pencalonan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden pada PEMILU 2024

Observing the dynamics of existing coalitions, the 2024 presidential election allows for the formation of four coalition axes. As of today, the United Indonesia Coalition (KIB) is the first coalition to be declared in June 2022. Holding 26.82% of the DPR seats, the Golkar Party, PAN and PPP are in a coalition to face the 2024 General Election (Pemilu) and Presidential Election (Pilpres). The Gerindra Party and PKB appear to be the second axis coalition with 23.66% of the DPR seats. Meanwhile, the combination of the Nasdem Party, PKS and Democratic Party which formed the Change Coalition was able to accumulate the largest number of votes with 28.35% of the DPR seats. As for the PDIP, even though it has not yet appeared to build a coalition with other parties, it has a presidential boarding pass threshold of 20% to directly advance in the presidential election without having to form a coalition with other parties. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Research Method This research uses a qualitative approach with problem research aimed at obtaining an in-depth and comprehensive description of a phenomenon experienced by research subjects. Discussion results Based on the results of mapping political party support, the KPU noted that the Advanced Indonesia Coalition (KIM), which supports Prabowo Subianto-Gibran Rakabuming Raka, is a political party coalition that has the most valid votes in the 2019 General Election results. The Advanced Indonesia Coalition has 59,762,053 votes. The decision to form a coalition with a political party which initially had opposing ideologies and nominate a candidate pair outside the cadre must ultimately be taken by the political party when it is about to advance in the contest. This is because the voting public in Indonesia is pragmatic. People look more at popular figures or the high electability of candidate pairs, rather than looking at the vision, mission or programs offered by political parties.

A cross-country analysis of decision-making factors influencing tourists’ shift towards circular destinations in EU-27

The end of the pandemic introduced paradigmatic changes in several application domains - including the tourism and hospitality industry - and revealed territorial differences across the EU-27 area. Hence, the main aim of this paper is analyzing how travel habits, social, territorial and cultural factors led tourists to shift toward more sustainable practices and circular destinations after COVID-19, with a specific focus on the detection of regional clusters based on cross-country differences. The multi-country comparative analysis is centered on the measurement of sustainability-/circularity-related constructs and is grounded in a unique theoretical framework, integrating Value-Belief-Norm Theory, Information Adoption Model and Theory of Planned Behaviour. We examined 25,711 responses from the Flash-Eurobarometer-499 questionnaire (June 2022), using multi-group partial-least-square structural equation models (MG-PLS-SEM). Moreover, we assessed hidden heterogeneity across EU-27 countries through segmentation techniques like Finite Mixture (FIMIX-PLS) and Prediction-Oriented Segmentation (PLS-POS) in order to identify homogenous territorial clusters. Findings show that more sustainable travel habits have emerged after COVID-19, and new, sustainable and cultural factors now influence destination choices, while people look for more information when planning trips, emphasizing circular practices on destinations. Also, six regional clusters were identified across EU-27 countries, suggesting that managers and policy-makers should adopt ad hoc measures to respond to the circular shift in the tourism and hospitality industry, depending on territorial differences.

Using Fuzzy Ranking Technique to Find the Best Traits and Peak Age Group of Electors in an Election

Objective: To predict the peak-age of age group of voters who turn the table of election results and also to rank the attribute which people look from their candidates. Methods: Improved CETD matrix has been used in the sample size of nearly 150 through unsupervised method. Findings: This study provides: 1. Ordering or ranking of age groups; 2. Identifying the best attribute for the leaders to possess to win the election. Novelty: To get accurate result, the researchers have structured the normalization through max-max (min-min) for improved CETD and rank identification through TOPSIS method. This method enhances the normality of interval measure to lie between [0, 1]. Keywords: ATD, RTD, CETD, Attributes, ∝ cut, TOPSIS

Pengaruh Direct Marketing terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada Live Streaming Tiktok dengan Kepercayaan sebagai Variabel Moderasi dalam Perspektif Bisnis Islam

The development of the times is constantly changing, marked by the existence of various applications that have online promotion and sales features. competition in online sales is getting tighter, making online business people look for the right strategy to market their products, such as in the TikTok strategy application so that consumers are easy to make a purchasing decision, namely with its latest feature, namely live streaming, which can be seen from direct marketing and trust. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of direct marketing on purchasing decisions with trust as a moderating variable in an Islamic business perspective. This research uses quantitative methods. Data collection techniques in literature review, questionnaires and Likert scales. The population used in this study is generation z in Bandar Lampung City. Sampling in this study using purposive sampling technique. The number of samples used, determined by the formula according to Widianto, amounted to 97 respondents. The data analysis method uses Partial Last Scructural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and data processing using smartPLS software. The results of this study indicate that there is a positive and significant influence between direct marketing on purchasing decisions. And trust does not moderate the relationship between direct marketing and purchasing decisions. In the perspective of Islamic business direct marketing on purchasing decisions on live streaming tiktok has implemented the principles of Islamic business ethics, including unity, balance, free will, responsibility, and benevolence so that it is something that Muslim business people need to pay attention to.

Analysis of Google Searches in Laryngology: Where Do People Look and Are the Answers They Find Credible?

ObjectivesPatients recently diagnosed with a new medical condition frequently search the internet to learn about their diagnosis. We aimed to identify specific questions people ask regarding common laryngological diagnoses by evaluating “People Also Ask” (PAA) questions generated by Google, search volume of these diagnoses, and to determine if the sources accessed were credible. Study DesignDescriptive study. MethodsThe terms “subglottic stenosis” (SS), “Zenker’s diverticulum” (ZD), “vocal fold paralysis” (VFP), and related terms were entered into Google. PAA questions and associated websites were then extracted using Ahrefs software. Questions were categorized into specific topics. Websites were categorized by type and then assessed using Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria. A search engine optimization tool (SEO) was used to determine search volume for individual topics. Results144 PAA questions (SS n=52, ZD n=49, and VFP n=43) and their associated websites were extracted. Inquiries were most related to disease etiology (34%), management (27.1%), and signs/symptoms (16.7%). Sources most commonly linked to PAA questions were academic (37.6%), government (25.6%), and commercial (16.2%) websites, while medical practice (7.69%), single surgeon (3.42%), and social media (9.40%) websites were less frequently referenced. JAMA scores were highest for government websites (mean 3.35, SD = 0.54) and lowest for academic websites (mean 0.77, SD = 0.14). ConclusionsThe most asked questions regarding SS, ZD, and VFP are related to etiology and management. Academic medical institution websites are most frequently viewed to answer these questions. Therefore, academic laryngological professionals should ensure the information on their websites is current and accurate.

How Scientists Use Webcams to Track Human Gaze

Eye tracking is a technology that can record people’s eye movements and tell scientists what people look at on screens or out in the world. Scientists use eye tracking to understand what people notice or remember; marketing researchers who create ads use eye tracking to see what type of ads or products capture people’s attention; and video game designers use eye tracking to see what parts of a game are confusing to players, so designers can fix the game. Eye-tracking equipment can be expensive and time consuming for researchers to use, so is there another way to record eye movements without buying an eye tracker? There is! Computer scientists can use a computer-based method called machine learning to turn an everyday webcam into an eye tracker. They can even do this with mobile phones! In this article, you will learn about how eye trackers work and the advantages of disadvantages of using webcams to track eyes.