Difficulties In People Research Articles

Climate Justice Approaches In “Sand” And “On Darwin Tides”

Fiction has always addressed climate change, but since the last century, writers have emphasized the theme through several genres, including climate fiction, which encompasses works focused on climate change and its impacts on the planet. Among the multiple aspects these narratives address, climate justice plays a crucial role. Studies show that developing countries, mainly located in the Global South, are the ones that suffer the most the devastating effects of floods, extreme weather, heat waves, and species extinction caused by anthropogenic climate change. Such impacts bring to the debate the issue of climate justice since it underscores its inequality. Climate fiction plays a significant role in presenting possible scenarios caused by climate change, implicitly or explicitly pointing out who and what is impacted by its adverse effects. Perspectives on climate justice are analyzed in the short stories “Sand” by Conor Corderoy and “On Darwin Tides” by Shauna O’Meara. These short stories portray how the characters deal with climate effects and how physical spaces, natural or urban, are affected. Their narratives emphasize issues related to climate justice, including the difficulties people face in surviving in deeply transformed realities and the discrepancy in the perception of the impacts of the climate crisis according to economic and social conditions. These stories stress the need to reflect on how the most vulnerable populations and ecosystems are affected and how climate justice can prevail to change this unfair scenario.

Juvenile Justice Act: A Critical Assessment of Its Role in Supporting Vulnerable Youth

Juvenile Justice Act: A Critical Assessment of Its Role in Supporting Vulnerable Youth Ms. Amruta Arjun Chavan B.SL, LL.B, LL.M, PGDHR, PGCADR, SET, (Ph.D. in Law) Teaching Associate of Law, Maharashtra National Law University, Aurangabad Abstract One important piece of legislation designed to address the interests and rights of young people who are at risk within the legal system is the Juvenile Justice Act. In this research paper the efficacy of the Act in protecting, rehabilitating, and reintegrating young offenders is critically examined. The research outlines important strengths and opportunities for development by analyzing the Act’s provisions, implementation techniques, and results. The study emphasizes the need of a comprehensive strategy that strikes a balance between responsibility and the necessity of compassionate intervention, stressing the contribution of psychological, social, and educational support to good development. This paper intends to add to the current conversation on juvenile justice reform and the development of a more equitable and encouraging system for young people in legal trouble by evaluating the Act’s effects on vulnerable adolescents. This paper critically examines the Juvenile Justice Act and its efficacy in addressing the needs of vulnerable youth within the Indian criminal justice system. With a focus on the socio-legal framework established by the Act, this study explores the challenges and shortcomings in its implementation, particularly concerning marginalized groups. Also, various provisions of the Act, including the rehabilitation measures for juvenile offenders and the legal protections afforded to children in conflict with the law. Keywords: Juvenile Justice Act, Vulnerable Youth, Criminal Justice System, Rehabilitation, Juvenile Delinquency, Child Rights, Legal Framework, Mental Health, Social Justice, Child Protection. etc.

Kaidah المشقه تجلب التيسير dan Penerapannya dalam Hukum Keluarga

Because Islamic law is not mentioned directly in the Qur'an and Hadith, interpretation and contextualization through ijtihad are often necessary. To achieve this, Islamic jurisprudence must be integrated with current conditions and societal demands. This must be done in accordance with maqasid al-syariah, namely the aim of overcoming legal problems faced by individuals (mukallaf). Sharia guarantees the welfare of every person and is adapted to their abilities. It is stated in a hadith in the hadith of the Prophet narrated by Bukhari which means: "Religion makes things easy, the religion that Allah loves is the true and easy religion" (HR. Bukhari from Abu Hurairah) shows that Islam emphasizes the importance of ease in fulfilling religious obligations. According to the principle of المشقه تجلب التيسير, which means that difficulty brings ease, Islamic law is flexible to deal with the difficulties people face in worship and transactions. The concept of المشقه تجلب التيسير in the application of Islamic family law is explained in this paper using qualitative descriptive methodology and literature review techniques. Sources for this research include the Al-Qur'an, Hadith, tafsir, fiqh literature, and Qawaidul Fiqiyyah. To see how this principle is applied, this paper conducts a case study on Islamic family law. The aim of Al-Masyaqqah Tajlibut Taysir is to alleviate difficulties in the application of Islamic family law so that people can fulfill their obligations without experiencing due difficulties. This study identified seven categories of hardship (masyaqqah) that require relief (rukhsah), such as travel, illness, compulsion, forgetfulness, ignorance, general hardship, and deprivation. These categories guide legal experts in issuing fatwas and legal decisions to accommodate individual needs while upholding Islamic principles. In conclusion, المشقه تجلب التيسير serves as a basic principle in Islamic jurisprudence, facilitating the harmonization of Sharia with individual circumstances and societal needs, particularly in family law matters such as marriage contracts. Its application underscores the adaptability and compassion inherent in the principles of Islamic law, which promote justice and well-being for all individuals.

Aspects of state control of social assistance as a function of social protection management in the Republic of Moldova

World experience proves that no state can successfully carry out radical reforms in economic and political, social and cultural life without also having a developed network of social assistance services and specialists, able to protect people in difficulty. In this context, in addition to regulations, reforms, training, financing, programs, projects, the need to control their application and capitalization is imposed. As a result, the field of social assistance, which includes a wide spectrum of specific benefits and services, each with particularities in regulation, application, financing, but indispensable for the categories of beneficiaries to whom they are addressed, it is necessary to establish and apply the control function through to institutions with attributions and functions in that direction.

H.M. Naqvi's Home Boy: A Socio-Cultural Conflict Analysis in the Context of Disruption and Multiculturalism

Through the lens of multiculturalism, this inquiry examines Home Boy by H.M. Naqvi. In particular, this study will look at how the selected literary work portrays several types of socio-cultural conflict that make it hard for the protagonists to blend in with their new communities. Concerns about intergroup tensions are at the forefront of multicultural communities' minds. According to this research, "socio-cultural conflict" describes when two or more cultures clash in areas such as politics, economics, religion, and society. The current study focuses on the book in question as an example of the socio-cultural conflict that might arise in heterogeneous society. Summing up the current human condition and the difficulties people face in a diverse city like New York is offered here. Characters in that society suffer as a result of these tensions as a result of immigration struggles, terrorist attacks, and identity issues. Cultural priorities, as shown in the book, lead to the denial of rights to many people in heterogeneous societies. Terrorist attacks and other forms of discrimination against them serve to solidify their inferiority complex. The facts on the hardships experienced by people in New York's postcolonial multicultural society are unearthed via the use of qualitative content analysis. Home Boy faces a plethora of socio-cultural conflicts and shows an interest in the real-life situations of the people living in such civilizations, according to the study. Their socioeconomic position is deteriorated by the prevailing culture, and H. M. Naqvi has communicated this misery via this work.

Exploring Modern Indian Society through Chetan Bhagat’s Revolution 2020

This paper explores how Chetan Bhagat’s Revolution 2020 presents contemporary Indian society. The study examines socio-cultural, political, and economic facets that are shown in the narrative using a thematic analysis. Understanding the intricacies of modern Indian life, themes including corruption, the educational system, societal pressures, and youth aspirations are examined. Through an analysis of the experiences and interactions of the characters, this paper illuminates the difficulties people have when confronted with systemic problems such as socioeconomic inequality and corruption. It also talks about how Bhagat’s story reflects the values, goals, and moral conundrums that characterize contemporary Indian culture. An enhanced comprehension of the complex tapestry of modern Indian life as it is shown in Revolution 2020 is made possible by this paper.

“I don’t know who you are”: anomia for people’s names in Alzheimer’s disease

ABSTRACT It is well known that difficulty in the retrieval of people’s names is an early symptom of Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia (ADD), but there is a controversy about the nature of this deficit. In this study, we analyzed whether the nature of the difficulty in retrieving proper names in ADD reflects pre-semantic, semantic, or post-semantic difficulties. To do so, 85 older adults, 35 with ADD and 50 cognitively healthy (CH), completed a task with famous faces involving: recognition, naming, semantic questions, and naming with phonological cues. The ADD group scored lower than the CH group in all tasks. Both groups showed a greater capacity for recognition than naming, but this difference was more pronounced in the ADD group. Additionally, the ADD group showed significantly fewer semantic errors than the CH group. Overall results suggest that the difficulties people with ADD have in naming reflect a degradation at semantic level.

The Effect of Mindfulness on Death Escape Acceptance in Young People: Emotion Regulation as a Mediator.

Few studies have examined young people's attitudes toward death escape acceptance and its relationship to mindfulness. This study addressed this issue and examined the mediating role of emotion regulation. In Study 1, 61 undergraduate students aged 19-22years participated in a mindfulness intervention program, and the results showed that increasing young people's levels of mindfulness could improve their attitudes toward death escape acceptance. The Study 2, which recruited 440 young people aged 18-26years to complete a cross-sectional survey, replicated the main effect and showed that young people's difficulty in emotion regulation fully mediated the coping effect of mindfulness. These findings suggest that individuals with high levels of mindfulness may have low levels of difficulty in emotion regulation and in turn promote healthy attitudes toward death escape acceptance.

Real Environment Warning Model for Visually Impaired People in Trouble on the Blind Roads Based on Wavelet Scattering Network

Real Environment Warning Model for Visually Impaired People in Trouble on the Blind Roads Based on Wavelet Scattering Network

Money Management Difficulties and Older People: Detection of Early-stage Dementia in Financial Data

Money Management Difficulties and Older People: Detection of Early-stage Dementia in Financial Data

A Study on Impact of Covid-19 on the Nutrition & Exercise Regime of Lifestyle Disorder Patients (Non-Communicable Disease)

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered people's eating and activity habits all around the world. Lockdowns and social isolation policies have altered daily routines, changed people's levels of physical activity, and changed how they eat. The goal of this study is to comprehend how the pandemic has affected people with lifestyle problems, notably non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and their dietary and exercise habits. Objective: The goal of this study is to fill in the knowledge gaps regarding the effects of COVID-19 on people who have lifestyle disorders by studying the variations in exercise routines and the necessary nutrition intake during and after the lockdown. Methods: In order to gather information from people with NCDs, the study used a mixed-methods approach that combines a questionnaire survey and focused discussion. The findings highlight the pandemic's early collateral impacts, such as its detrimental effects on physical activity and dietary awareness. Results: The study offers insights into how people with lifestyle disorders alter their exercise regimens, exercise style, and adherence to nutritional diets. The findings show that the pandemic has driven people to change their workout routines, moving away from gyms and outside activities toward alternate at-home techniques. Conclusion: The study also emphasizes the difficulties people encountered in sticking to rigorous nutritional diets during the epidemic because of the restricted availability of fresh and nourishing foods. It further highlights the significance of consistent exercise and mindful eating for those with lifestyle disorders, particularly during times of crisis.

Analysis of the effect of dance therapy intervention in inpatient schizophreni

The high predominance of non-drug consistency among those with schizophrenia and the many symptoms of solution antipsychotics support the utilization of dance/development treatment in the treatment of individuals with schizophrenia. This assessment of the writing centers on the utilization of dance/practice treatment to decrease the symptoms of antipsychotics and increment prescription adherence. We took a gander at the shame, the scope of side effects that might show, diminished knowledge, and developmental irregularities, among the different difficulties people with schizophrenia face. Moreover examined were the inconvenient consequences for close to home, conduct, and mental working. The writing on body mindfulness, the connection between the psyche and body, active work, self-articulation, and an assortment of other dance/development treatment methods were likewise inspected after a survey of the exploration on the utilization of dance/development treatment with individuals who have been determined to have schizophrenia. By showing the patient the conceivable results of their meds and decreasing their incapacitating impacts on mental, social, and close-to-home working, dance/development treatment has the ability to work on substantial mindfulness.

How difficult is it to diagnose and report an occupational disease in a developing country? A modified delphi study

Aim: The roles of occupational medicine specialists are very important in the diagnosis and notification of occupational diseases. In this regard, the opinions of the parties are needed to identify the problems and propose solutions. Methods: This is a Modified Delphi exercise. It was conducted through an online survey in 2 rounds in Turkey between June 4, 2021 and August 31, 2021. The population of the research consists of occupational medicine specialists and sub-branch students in Turkey and some physicians working in the central organizational units of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Labor and Social Security regarding the diagnosis, registration and notification of occupational diseases. In both rounds, e-mails were sent to 127 people. The survey was sent via , and the response frequency was 27.5% and 18.1% in rounds 1 and 2, respectively. A survey form was created for the second round by evaluating the open-ended information obtained as a result of the first round using the thematic analysis method and making suggestions. This form was sent to participants via e-mail and questions were asked about participation in the proposals in the second round. Proposals with 70% or more participation were accepted unanimously. Results: The most important difficulties regarding the diagnosis and details of occupational diseases are; The lack of a national occupational disease surveillance system, the fact that the current occupational disease diagnosis and summary system is focused on pricing, and the difficulties people experience in diagnosis were determined. Conclusion: In order to increase the reporting of occupational diseases, a surveillance-oriented system should be switched instead of a compensation-based system. In addition, the deficiencies in manpower, financing, technical infrastructure and legislation in the occupational disease reporting system need to be rapidly revised.

Why fractions are difficult? Modeling optimal and sub-optimal integration strategies of numerators and denominators by educated adults

Many children and educated adults experience difficulties in understanding and manipulating fractions. In this study, we argue that a major cause of this challenge is rooted in the need to integrate information from two separate informational sources (i.e., denominator and numerator) according to a normative arithmetic rule (i.e., division). We contend that in some tasks, the correct arithmetic rule is replaced by an inadequate (sub-optimal) operation (e.g., multiplication), which leads to inaccurate representation of fractions. We tested this conjecture by applying two rigorous models of information integration : (a) functional measurement (Experiments 1-3) and (b) conjoint measurement (Experiment 4-5) to data from number-to-line and comparative judgment tasks. These allowed us to compare participants’ integration strategies with that of an ideal-observer model. Functional measurement analyses on data from the number-to-line task, revealed that participants could represent the global magnitude of proper and improper fractions quite accurately and combine the fractions’ components according to an ideal-observer model. However, conjoint measurement analyses on data from the comparative judgment task, showed that most participants combined these fractions’ components according to a sub-optimal (saturated) observer model, that is inconsistent with an ideal-observer (additive) model. These results support the view that educated adults are capable of extracting multiple types of representations of fractions depending on the task at-hand. These representations can be either accurate and conform with normative arithmetic or approximated and inconsistent with normative arithmetic. The latter may lead to the observed difficulties people experience with fractions.

Lay community mental health workers (cadres) in Indonesian health services: A qualitative exploration of the views of people with mental health problems and their families.

In community-based mental health services, lay workers recruited and trained to support mental health programs, known as mental health cadres, have an important role in supporting the care of families and people with mental disorders. This study aims to explore the experiences of people with mental disorders and their families about the role of mental health cadres in improving mental health and caring for people with mental disorders. This study employed a qualitative descriptive design for data gathering. Focus groups were conducted between August 2020 and January 2021 with 19 people with mental health difficulties (people diagnosed with schizophrenia) and 25 family members who are the primary caregivers of people with mental disorders from three provinces in Indonesia: West Java, East Java, and Aceh. Participants were purposively sampled with inclusion and exclusion criteria used were people with mental disorders and their families who regularly interact with mental health cadres. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis through six stages of coding and theme development. Several themes were identified. The most significant theme was emotional support provided by cadres in terms of reception from cadres about people with mental health problems (59.1%), tangible support in which cadres help people with mental disorders get treatment (52.27%), and cadre roles as duties/mandates (51.36%) was factors that facilitated the success. The finding of this study indicated that cadres were considered to provide a range of different support to people with mental health disorders and their families. In carrying out their role, there were factors that participants felt increased success in implementing the role of cadres. The cadre-patient/family relationship was influenced by perceived shame, trust relationship, and stigma. This research also revealed patient and family expectations about cadres' roles. Exploring the experiences of people with mental disorders and their families who received support from cadres could examine the factor that increases success in implementing cadre roles and barriers to mental health services by cadres, which are shame, mistrust, and stigma in the community. Therefore, paying attention to the expectations of people with mental health problems and their families about the cadre's roles in improving mental health services in the community is essential.

Social self-efficacy and mental well-being in autistic adults: Exploring the role of social identity.

In the past, research has suggested that autistic people are not able to communicate well with non-autistic people because of autistic people's communication difficulties. However, newer theories question this conclusion. It is now thought that the communication difficulties may be because autistic and non-autistic people both struggle to understand each other. This study explores how these differences in shared understanding relate to autistic people's mental well-being, confidence in social situations and social identities (groups that we belong to and that influence how we see ourselves). We created an online survey taken by 512 autistic adults, which included questions about their confidence being social with people from different groups (such as other autistic people or people they share a hobby with), about the social groups they felt they belong to and about their mental well-being. First, participants reported higher social confidence when interacting with members of a social group they belonged to. Second, being confident during these interactions was linked to higher mental well-being. Finally, the groups participants belonged to did not influence the link between social confidence and mental well-being. These findings are important as they help us better understand autistic people's experiences of social interactions and what contributes to good and poor mental well-being in autistic people. They also help us to think further about how to improve autistic people's well-being.

The other side of the social interaction: Theory of mind impairments in people with schizophrenia are linked to other people's difficulties in understanding them.

People with schizophrenia (SZ) often present with theory of mind (ToM) deficits and with speech production deficits. While a link has been established between ToM abilities and symptoms of thought disorder, much less is known about other aspects of speech production in SZ. This is a case-control study in which 25 stable outpatients with recent-onset SZ (27.1years, 22 men) and 22 matched healthy controls (25.6years, 16 men) performed a collaborative, verbal production task with a real interaction partner. Blind raters scored how easy participants made it to understand them (Facility ratings), how interesting they were to listen to (Interest ratings) and how expressive they were (Expressivity ratings). ToM was assessed with the Combined Stories Test and Sarfati's cartoon task. Symptoms were assessed with the PANSS five-factor version. Compared to healthy controls, SZ received significantly lower ratings for all three aspects of their verbal productions (Facility, Interest and Expressivity), despite the raters being blind to group membership. Interestingly, the Facility ratings were linked to ToM performance in the SZ group, which suggest that SZ participants who have difficulties understanding others (ToM deficits) also make it harder for others to understand them. Other notable findings include a strong link between the Expressivity ratings and the Interest ratings for both groups, and significant correlations between the Facility ratings and Cognitive/Disorganisation symptoms, and between the Expressivity ratings and both Negative and Depression/Anxiety symptoms in SZ. Studying speech production during real, collaborative social interactions could help move beyond the individual approach to SZ deficits, making it possible to involve the interaction partners to promote more efficient communication for people with schizophrenia.

Accountability in French non-profit organizations: between paradox and complexity

PurposeThis article examines whether accountability can contribute to the analysis of effectiveness in grassroots voluntary organizations (GVOs) in France.Design/methodology/approachBased on recent studies and stakeholder theory, hypotheses are formulated about the negative link between accountability and financial effectiveness and a positive link between accountability and non-financial effectiveness.FindingsThe findings show that accountability practices are positive determinants of financial indicators (apart from return on assets [ROA]) and employment of people in difficulty. In contrast, the other non-financial indicators are not explained by accountability practices.Research limitations/implicationsThe study points out the complexity and paradoxes surrounding accountability and highlights the risk of insensitivity to it. It thus underlines a specific French situation, close to the risks of myopia linked to accountability. One possible explanation could be the coupling and decoupling mechanisms that allow non-profit organizations (NPOs) to regain power. Given the sometimes-random effects of accountability, producing nuanced theories is necessary, and governance should oscillate between equilibrium and adaptation in the face of stakeholders. Finally, this article introduces the risk of insensitivity of NPOs to accountability (i.e. they act as they wish, regardless of control mechanisms such as accountability).Practical implicationsThis study thus reveals governance dilemmas, which could be solved through less formal, more mission-oriented, more creative and therefore heterodox accountability.Originality/valueThe French context of mistrust of certain managerial approaches and the development of codes of governance based on a disciplinary vision are confronted with a growing and critical literature on accountability in NPOs.

The need for a personalized, core digital resource to facilitate health self-management

High quality healthcare is becoming increasingly unaffordable and inaccessible. To reverse this trend, people need to self-manage as much of their health as possible. They need to take appropriate preventive actions and use health services in a timely and efficient manner. Yet health self-management is challenging in an increasingly complex environment that involves competing demands and sometimes contradictory advice as well as increasingly fragmented delivery of health services. Digital tools have added a new dimension to healthcare and hold the potential to help bridge these challenges. Unfortunately, much of the potential benefit of digital resources is not being realized, partly because of difficulties people face in identifying appropriate and effective resources in a haystack of mainly unevaluated and often poorly conceived resources. Underuse and failure to maintain use of resources found to be effective also retards progress. Furthermore, people need more help to understand their needs and establish priorities around their health self-management. We argue that these needs can be met with a person-centered, digital self-management core resource that supports people to better understand their needs and priorities and has links to find the resources they need to manage their health, alone or by judicious use of health services.

Risk factors in the work of the social worker: summary of a research on external user violence

In Italy, especially in recent years, the phenomena of violence against social workers by external users have assumed worrying dimensions, as in many other countries. Over time, numerous researches have shown that the phenomenon has become a real alarm in the professional community and that the wide spread reached by violence against this category of workers is connected with the levels of precariousness of social policies and the slow but constant weakening of the networks of social services supporting people in difficulty. Starting from these premises and from the more general assumption that at the centre of the professional action of the assistant there is the relationship with the user, a new research study was conducted with the aim of monitoring the phenomena of violence against social workers residing in the Region of Sicily, their incidence and types of consequences. The research, following a memorandum of understanding between the University of Enna ‘Kore’ and Croas (Regional Council of the Order of Social Workers of Sicily), was conducted by means of an anonymous information questionnaire submitted online to a population of 4736 social workers registered with the Order of Social Workers of Sicily. The data were collected in February and March 2023 and processed in the following month of April. 32.4%, that is, 1542 operators, of whom 941 registered in the A register section (61%) and 601 registered in the B register section (39%) participated by answering the questionnaire in full. Closed-ended questions were used, which are known to fairly facilitate the interpretation of participants’ answers, on the basis of which a comparative analysis can be carried out and, where this was not the case, the data was modified and converted to the form and context necessary to allow for correct interpretation (number, scale, graph). The results showed that approximately 50 per cent of the respondents had experienced at least one incident of physical/verbal violence in the course of their work.