People Abroad Research Articles

Fusion of the Local and the Global in Parijat: Reading Blue Mimosa

This paper assesses how Parijat in her masterpiece Blue Mimosa deals with the issues of Nepalis’ global encounters. Primarily through one of the protagonists of the novel Suyogbir, Parijat weaves a story of a Nepali lahure who, in course of fighting the World War, interacts with the people abroad and brings in global experiences to his native country as he narrates the saga of his experiences with the female protagonist Sakambari. Significantly departing from her predecessors and also from her contemporaries primarily because of her serious concern with the global issues that no more affected only the people of her origin but those throughout the globe, Parijat in the novel caters to the new subjects to her readers. Her fascination with novel and experimental forms that rigorously redrew the boundaries of the traditional categories and her serious effort in familiarizing her readers with the global issues led her to the path of transcending her local experiences and thus acquiring a transnational stature. Applying Paul Jay’s ideas on transnational literature, this paper analyzes how Parijat in the novel blends the local and the global experiences with craft and imbricates those diverse experiences to constitute a beautiful structure. Her unique mixture of characters representing various cultural milieus, selection of settings and philosophical depth in subject matter blur the boundaries of ‘national’ category of writing and thus create an ambience where the local and the global intersect.

What Makes People Abroad Satisfied? The Role of Cultural Intelligence, Cultural Identity, and Culture Shock

If an individual who lives abroad feels satisfied, they are able to develop their ability to function in the new culture. The satisfaction with life abroad depends on cultural intelligence (CQ): people with higher CQ easily adapt to a new culture. Our article seeks to understand the relationship between CQ and satisfaction with life abroad using two new variables—culture shock and cultural identity. The direct and indirect relationships between all variables have been investigated using a sample of 194 predominantly international students studying at Czech universities and the PLS SEM statistical technique. The results have shown that CQ is a positive predictor of dependent variable satisfaction with life abroad. When two mediators—cultural identity and culture shock—were added, we found out that the CQ is a positive predictor of the former and a negative predictor of the latter. The analysis of multiple mediations has further confirmed the indirect influence of culture shock (but not cultural identity) on the direct relationship between cultural intelligence and satisfaction with life.

Victorian Women Writers and the Other Germany: Cross-Cultural Freedoms and Female Opportunity

Victorian Women Writers and the Other Germany: Cross-Cultural Freedoms and Female Opportunity

“Leaving Ireland is easy. It’s going home that’s hard”:1 The Barriers to Return for Irish Emigrants

In 1995, President Mary Robinson in her ground-breaking speech entitled “Cherishing the Irish Diaspora” evoked the importance of reaching out to Ireland’s vast global community. From this time, initiatives, which would eventually lead to the formation of an Irish diaspora strategy, began to emerge as successive Irish governments entered into dialogue with the diaspora. In 2015 a strategy document entitled Global Irish: Ireland’s Diaspora Policy contained specific commitments to examining issues affecting Irish people abroad but also included those Irish emigrants seeking to return home. Researchers have tended to mainly focus on the reasons why people left Ireland and how they adapted to their lives once in their host country and on the exchanges and links between the island and its diaspora. There is a paucity of research on recent return migration to Ireland and the difficulties that can be encountered today.

Транснациональная полицейская деятельность современных государств в условиях глобализации

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the transnational police activity of modern states. The objectives of the study are to analyze how the political reactions to the globalization of the social order influenced the structure and scope of the police activities, its organizational culture, priorities and processes. Author analyses the key stockholders in the international police cooperation, the role of non-commercial organizations, the methods of interaction in the field of combating organized crime, cyber-crime, illegal migration and other international offences, as well as police functions in the spheres of peace and safety maintenance in the post-war zones, peacemaking support, reaction to transnational emergencies and the search for missing people abroad. In the course of the study, the author concludes that even though the idea of an international police force has a long history, it only became a reality under the auspices of the United Nations Organization in the 1960s. A powerful global police structure has been created. Common databases and common police guidelines guarantee an interaction and joint investigation activities in all continental regions. Despite the fact that the necessity of the international cooperation is obvious, the creation of the successful scheme for such an interaction is still a challenging issue. Legal and political systems, standards, procedures related to justice vary in different countries. Local police forces possess varying levels of competence and budget in order to support activities ensuring the national security.

A Study on Female Image Alienation Translation in Chinese Classical Literature Based on Computer Corpus

In the five thousand years of Chinese history, there are numerous classic literature works. Even in the past, when women were the vassals of men, there is still no lack of outstanding women who remain famous in history and become regular visitors in various literary works. But with the advent of economic globalization, cultural output also become a part of the communication of civilization, there is no denying that many foreigners to China still have a misunderstanding, the translation of Chinese women literature image more easily moving heart, able to produce lasting to foreign audiences and subtle role, affecting people abroad for China’s views and cognition. Based on this, this paper explores the translation of female image alienation in Chinese classic literature based on computer corpus.

Human Rights, State Sovereignty, and the Death Penalty: Indonesia’s Diplomacy Approach on Bali Nine

The discrepancies in Indonesia’s diplomatic approach on the death penalty for its people abroad and other nationalities at home have raised ‘double standard’ concerns. By looking into the factors affecting Indonesia’s diplomatic approach to Australia using the case of Bali Nine, the study explored the rationale of the Indonesian government putting national interest over its human rights commitment despite the increased pressure on its death penalty practice in the debate between human rights and state sovereignty. This study used the interview method with two objectives. First, to investigate the factors influencing Indonesia’s diplomatic approach to the Bali Nine case, and second, to explore the conflict between human rights and state sovereignty by drawing upon the theoretical framework on human rights and foreign policy as proposed by Jack Donnelly. The finding of this paper suggests that human rights interests are subordinated to other national interests in balancing the objectives of Indonesia’s diplomacy on the drug-related death penalty practice.

LANGUAGE AND INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION FOR MOBILITY: INSIGHT FROM THE IEREST PROJECT

The increase in the number of students taking part in study abroad programmes worldwide has highlighted the need to offer intercultural preparation for this specific group of students. The IEREST European project (Intercultural Education Resources for Erasmus Students and their Teachers) has produced a set of teaching resources to help students benefit from their sojourn in terms of personal growth and intercultural learning. The theoretical approach underlying such resources is linked to a concept of interculturality that promotes the idea of multiple identities, and to the notion that identities are co-constructed in interaction (Holiday, 2011, 2013). Furthermore, the learners are taught to recognize the subjectivity and instability of worldviews. In this sense, the activities are culture-general, and can be taught to students regardless of their specific destination. This paper presents the activity “Meeting people abroad”. Although originally not designed for the language classroom, it was adapted for use in an Englishlanguage course for a group of future Erasmus students. Central to the activity is the learners’ engagement with other mobile students through the task of carrying out an interview from potentially non-essentialist perspectives. The target language is thus seen not as an aim in itself, but as the means to develop the learners’ intercultural communication skills and understanding. In their new format for the foreign language classroom, the activity was tested at the University of Bologna in September 2014. Feedback was collected through focus groups at the end of the course, and was used to evaluate the materials and reflect on ways of introducing the intercultural in foreign language education (Byram, 2008), in particular in the context of student mobility.

Factors Contributing to Anti-Americanism Among People Abroad: A Retrospective View from the Frontlines of U.S. Public Diplomacy

This research examined the retrospective views of U.S. public diplomats on the bases of anti-American attitudes among people abroad. The study sought a better understanding of the most important causes of anti-Americanism through the first hand experiences of the men and women who have served on the frontlines of U.S. public diplomacy as strategic communications experts charged with enhancing U.S. relations with foreign publics. A factor analysis revealed four underlying dimensions of anti-Americanism, which were labeled Information, Culture, Policy, and Values. The public diplomats rated the Policy factor as the most important, followed by the Information factor, the Culture factor, and the Values factor. This empirical assessment of U.S. public diplomats' collective view helps to explain the dimensions of anti-Americanism from the perspective of an elite group and suggests future directions for U.S. public diplomacy and strategic communication.

WILLIAM WELLS BROWN

Travel and travel writing imply freedom of mobility and agency. That a fugitive slave like William Wells Brown could become a tourist is significant because it destabilizes our understanding of tourism. In The American Fugitive in Europe: Sketches of Places and People Abroad (New York: Jewett, Proctor & Worthington, 1855), Brown grounds his critique of his tour in the experiences of his early life as a slave and in his insistence on ethical responsibility. He interrogates the inequities of American society by revisiting European history from the perspective of the oppressed. Brown moves beyond touristic hedonism to anchor the tourist subject onto the larger canvas of historical and socio-political reality. This paper explores Brown's shifting identity through Urry (The Tourist Gaze: Leisure and Travel in Contemporary Societies, London, Sage, 1990) and MacCannell's (‘Tourist Agency’, Tourism Studies, vol. 1, pp. 23–38, 2001) reading of the tourist gaze.

What I Teach-and Why

start with, there haven't been any substantial illustrations on this in Art Education for many years. The illustrations of students' art works in the last volume hardly fill one page. Americans obviously prefer building huge verbal buildings around educational, pedagogical, or philosophical concepts, or make nice reports on enrollment and problems with local or state administrators, but what is going on in the art classroom is hardly ever shown. A quick glance through the volumes since 1971 confirms such an impression: The illustrations mostly show kids doing something. The child rather than the object is the object of central concern in these pictures. In other words: one has to do some extensive searching through American literature to find examples of student work that show some curriculum results-some quality that is to be found in, and can be related to, student work influenced by an art teacher. We in Holland would prefer 2000 pictures and at least two paragraphs on what I teach and why. I'd like to emphasize that I am aware of the fact that at least two dozen representatives of the world's top art educators have U.S. passports, but, in general, their main concern is not the day to day practice in the art class. The art teachers themselves either don't write or write too badly to pass the editorial staff. The result is that people abroad may notice an absence of information on what an American art curriculum looks like. So, assuming that the writing of a Dutch art educator preferably should describe Dutch situations, and not so much add another drop to the existing verbal Niagara on more generalities in art education, I will limit the range of this paper to some aspects of a Dutch art curriculum.

New Buildings, New Taxes, and Old Interests: an Urban Problem of the 1670s

“The country towns are grown poor,” declared Hugh Boscawen, member for Tregony, to his colleagues in the House of Commons in November 1670, “the inlands grow generally poor. The trading people abroad deal only with London.” Sir Robert Howard agreed: “It was ever said by the wisest men he could meet with that the greatness of London … would be the ruin of the country.” But in 1670 the complaint was hardly new. For well over a century English men and monarchs alike had watched with an anxiety increasingly acute as London, already a giant among English towns, continued to add to her size and population. Many in the country had feared, as did Boscawen and Howard, the effects of such growth upon the rest of England, while those close by tended to be aware of the special economic, political, and social problems which the unhealthy and crowded conditions in the overgrown old city presented.On March 12, 1564, Queen Elizabeth had issued a proclamation stating “Rules to prevent crowding, in plague ridden Westminster, close by London.” And on July 7, 1580, she proclaimed from Nonsuch Palace thatThe city of London, aunciently termed [The Queen's] Chambre, is becoming too crowded with families in one house or small tenements, to the danger of Plague. Until order is taken by Parliament, no new building is to be erected within 3 miles of the gates of London. Not more than one family to inhabit any house…. Undersitters, Indwellers or Inmates [lodgers] must find new homes in other boroughs before All Saints next.