PEO Blend Research Articles

Investigation into the swelling and dissolution behaviour of Polymer-Excipient blends of PEO Utilising dissolution imaging

The use of dissolution imaging in analysing the behaviourof hydrophilic matrices and various types of excipients is examined in this study.The main aim was to investigate how different ratios of excipients with different solubility properties, such as lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, and dicalcium phosphate impact on the swelling properties and propranolol hydrochloride (PPN) release characteristics of polyethylene oxide matrix compacts. The surface properties of the compacts were investigated using a focus variation microscope after which dissolution studies were conducted to determine compact swelling and drug release properties. Smr2, a surface parameter representing the percentage of deeper valley structures on the surface, was used to calculate the proportion of the compact surface available for retaining lubrication (dissolution media in this case). Smr2 values of 83 and 84 were measured for the 1:1 and 1:3 PEO lactose compacts, respectively. This parameter utilised in this experiment gives an indication of the compact surface available for the initial hydration process and suggests a higher rate of hydration for the 1:1 and 1:3 PEO lactose compacts. The swelling studies revealed that a higher PEO ratio (3:1) resulted in more extensive gel layer formation as compared to the 1:3 compacts. All PEO:excipient compacts exhibited faster drug release than the compacts comprising PEO as the sole excipient. The quantity of PEO present was thus crucial in influencing the capacity of the matrix to control the release of PPN. This study underscores the potential for modifying drug release by altering the quantity of the matrix gel-former (PEO in this case) as well as the type or ratio of excipient used. The study also highlights the novelty of using UV dissolution imaging to image and quantify swelling and drug dissolution processes as well as providing qualitative observations such as channel formation which can support formulation optimisation and mechanistic understanding.

Electrical and Mechanical Characterisation of Poly(ethylene)oxide-Polysulfone Blend for Composite Structural Lithium Batteries.

In this work, a blend of PEO, polysulfone (PSF), and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSi) was prepared at different PEO-PSf weight ratios (70-30, 80-20, and 90-10) and ethylene oxide to lithium (EO/Li) ratios (16/1, 20/1, 30/1, and 50/1). The samples were characterised using FT-IR, DSC, and XRD. Young's modulus and tensile strength were evaluated at room temperature with micro-tensile testing. The ionic conductivity was measured between 5 °C and 45 °C through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The samples with a ratio of PEO and PSf equal to 70-30 and EO/Li ratio equal to 16/1 have the highest conductivity (1.91 × 10-4 S/cm) at 25 °C, while the PEO-PSf 80-20 EO/Li = 50/1 have the highest averaged Young's modulus of about 1.5 GPa at 25 °C. The configuration with a good balance between electrical and mechanical properties is the PEO-PSf 70-30 EO/Li = 30/1, which has a conductivity of 1.17 × 10-4 S/cm and a Young's modulus of 800 MPa, both measured at 25 °C. It was also found that increasing the EO/Li ratio to 16/1 dramatically affects the mechanical properties of the samples with them showing extreme embrittlement.

Frustrated crystallization behavior under hierarchical confinement in electrospun fibers of poly(styrene)/poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(l‐lactide) ternary mixtures

AbstractThe crystallization behavior of binary crystalline mixtures composed of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) was investigated in the electrospun nanofibers fabricated by the ternary blends of polystyrene (PS), PEO, and PLLA. The weight fraction of PEO/PLLA mixture was kept at ≤0.2 such that PS formed the matrix phase. The preferred mixing of PEO and PLLA resulted in the formation of mixed PEO/PLLA dispersed domains in the PS matrix. The small diameter of the electrospun nanofibers restricted the size of dispersed domain. During cooling from melt, PLLA crystallized first resulting in crystallization induced phase separation and entrapment of PEO within the intracrystalline regions of PLLA crystals. Hence, whereas the PLLA crystallized within the soft PS matrix, the crystallization of PEO occurred within the hierarchical confinement imposed by the PLLA crystals as well as the glassy PS matrix. Interestingly, it was found that the confinement favored the formation of α crystals phase in PLLA even at very low crystallization temperatures. Furthermore, due to plausible entrapment of PEO segments within the PLLA crystals, significant depression in PLLA melting temperature was observed. Moreover, the PEO melting temperature also depressed by more than 30°C due to the frustrated crystallization within the hierarchical confinement.

Synthesis and modification of the structural, optical, and thermal properties of PVA–PEO by LDH nanoplates

Nanocomposites with thermal stability and tunable optical properties became essential for developed optoelectronic and electrochemical devices. This work represents an attempt to synthesize PVA–PEO polymeric blend and modifies its structural, optical, and thermal properties. This was performed by incorporating different ratios of double-layered hydroxide (Zn/Fe-LDH) nanoplates (NP) which were prepared by the co-precipitation process. XRD results revealed that the incorporation of LDH, 43 nm in size and rhombohedral phase, influenced the degree of crystallinity (X C) of the blend. FE-SEM analysis showed the uniform distribution of LDH NP in the polymer matrix until 7.0 wt% content, beyond this ratio some voids were formed in the blend surface and particle agglomeration took place. FTIR spectroscopy illustrated the good miscibility of the polymers forming the blend, the interaction, and complexation between LDH NP and the blend functional groups. UV–vis-NIR spectroscopy analysis was performed to study the transmittance of the nanocomposites, extinction coefficient, refractive index, and optical conductivity. Besides, the direct and indirect band gaps of the films were found to decrease with increasing LDH NP content until a certain limit, after which they increased again. TGA&DSC analysis revealed the thermal stability of the films until 240 °C, and the DSC curves indicated three endothermic peaks. The obtained results confirmed that LDH NP incorporation is an interesting approach for tuning the optical and thermal properties to widen the technological applications based on PVA–PEO blend.

Crystallization and polymorphic behaviour of melt miscible blends of crystalline homopolymers with close melting temperatures under confinement

The confined crystallization behavior of the crystalline/crystalline blends of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) in the electrospun nanofibers fabricated from the ternary blends of polystyrene (PS), PEO, and PBA, where PS was present as the majority component, was investigated. The electrospun nanofibers had PS as the matrix whereas the PEO/PBA mixed phase, with total weight fraction of 0.2 or less, constituted the dispersed domains having sizes of the order of only few hundred nanometers. Hence, the crystallization induced phase separation of PEO and PBA occurred within the confined domains. Despite extremely close melting temperature of PEO and PBA, faster crystallization kinetics of PEO led to entrapment of PBA in the intraspherultic regions of the former. Hence, further crystallization of PBA occurred under hierarchical confinement where the larger and smaller length-scale confinements were imposed by the glassy PS matrix and PEO crystals, respectively. Such a scenario resulted in crystallization occurring both via homogenous as well as heterogeneous crystallization mechanism. Interestingly, the homogenous nucleation of PEO was suppressed whereas the heterogeneous nucleation was enhanced in the ternary blend nanofibers even at very low weight fraction. Most significantly, it was observed, that during melt-recrystallization, memory of chain orientation is retained which favoured the formation of α-crystals in PBA. The present study highlights the role of confinement as well as chain orientation, on the crystallization behaviour, in crystalline/crystalline blend systems for which limited studies have been done so far.

Effect of EC plasticizer on Na+ ion based PMMA:PEO blend solid polymer electrolyte system

Solution casting method was used to prepare the Ethylene Carbonate (EC) doped in NaClO4 salt added PMMA:PEO blend polymer electrolyte thin films. Different characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, DSC and FTIR were employed to study the effect on structural properties of these prepared thin films. The XRD, SEM and DSC results revealed the dominant presence of amorphous content in PMMA based polymer blend with the addition of PEO, NaClO4 and EC, which functions to enhance in ionic conductivity. FTIR spectra results elucidated that the vibrational band peaks corresponds to PMMA shifted towards lower or higher wave number side in presence of PEO, NaClO4 and EC, which confirms the interaction/complexation between PMMA, PEO polymers with NaClO4 salt and EC plasticizer.

Electron Beam Radiation Synthesis of Biodegradable Hydrogel Based on Starch/ Poly(Ethylene Oxide) (Peo) Blend and its Application in Controlled Release of Parasitic Worm's Drugs

Electron Beam Radiation Synthesis of Biodegradable Hydrogel Based on Starch/ Poly(Ethylene Oxide) (Peo) Blend and its Application in Controlled Release of Parasitic Worm's Drugs

Facile and Green Synthesis of Silver Quantum Dots Immobilized onto a Polymeric CTS-PEO Blend for the Photocatalytic Degradation of p-Nitrophenol.

Immobilization of inorganic metal quantum dots (especially, noble transition metals) onto organic polymers to synthesize nanometal–polymer composites (NMPCs) has attracted considerable attention because of their advanced optical, electrical, catalytic/photocatalytic, and biological properties. Herein, novel, highly efficient, stable, and visible light-active NMPC photocatalysts consisting of silver quantum dots (Ag QDs) immobilized onto polymeric chitosan–polyethylene oxide (CTS–PEO) blend sheets have been successfully prepared by an in situ self-assembly facile casting method as a facile and green approach. The CTS–PEO blend polymer acts as a reducing and a stabilizing agent for Ag QDs which does not generate any environmental chemical pollutant. The prepared x wt % Ag QDs/CTS–PEO composites were fully characterized through X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis, and UV/visible spectroscopy. The characterization results indicated the successful synthesis of the Ag QDs/CTS–PEO composites by the interactions and complexation between x wt % Ag QDs and CTS–PEO blend sheets. TEM images revealed small granules randomly distributed onto the CTS–PEO blend sheets, indicating the immobilization of Ag QDs onto CTS–PEO composites. The presence of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band and the shifting of the absorption edge toward higher wavelengths in the UV/vis spectra indicated the formation of x wt % Ag QDs/CTS–PEO composites. The Ag QDs in the polymeric blend matrix led to remarkable enhancement in the optical, thermal, electrical, and photocatalytic properties of x wt % Ag QDs/CTS–PEO composites. The photocatalytic efficiency of the prepared composites was evaluated by the photodegradation of p-nitrophenol (PNP) under simulated sunlight. The maximum photocatalytic degradation reached 91.1% efficiency within 3 h for the 12.0 wt % Ag QDs/CTS–PEO photocatalyst. Generally, the Ag QDs immobilized onto CTS–PEO blend composites significantly enhance the SPR effect and the synergistic effect and reduce the band gap, leading to a high photocatalytic activity.

Ionic Transport and Thermodynamic Interaction in Precision Polymer Blend Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries

AbstractSingle‐ion conducting polymer electrolytes are of interest for use with advanced battery electrodes such as lithium metal, but achieving sufficiently high conductivity has been challenging. In this work, a model system containing charged sites that are precisely spaced along the polymer backbone is explored. Precision sulfonated poly(4‐phenylcyclopentene) lithium salt (p5PhS‐Li) with a high degree of sulfonation (> 90%) is synthesized and blended with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) to investigate the thermodynamic and transport properties. Melting point depression is measured via differential scanning calorimetry, ionic conductivity,κ, is determined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the fraction of current carried by Li+is estimated based on steady‐state current measurements. In conjunction with a density measurement, melting point depression is used to find an effective Flory–Huggins interaction parameter,χeff= − 0.21, suggesting miscibility of the blend.κspans a large range from 2 × 10−11to 2 × 10−7S cm−1over the composition and temperature range investigated. The fraction of charge carried by lithium ions also spans a significant range from 0.12 in majority PEO blend to 0.98 in majorityp5PhS‐Li blend. This study addresses several limitations of sulfonated polystyrene and opens up the possibility of precisely controlling the spacing of other anion types.

DPD Study on the Interfacial Properties of PEO/PEO-PPO-PEO/PPO Ternary Blends: Effects of Pluronic Structure and Concentration.

Using the method of dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations, we investigated the interfacial properties of PEO/PEO-PPO-PEO/PPO ternary blends composed of the Pluronics L64(EO13PO30EO13), F68(EO76PO29EO76), F88(EO104PO39EO104), or F127(EO106PO70EO106) triblock copolymers. Our simulations show that: (i) The interfacial tensions () of the ternary blends obey the relationship < < < , which indicates that triblock copolymer F68 is most effective in reducing the interfacial tension, compared to L64, F88, and F127; (ii) For the blends of PEO/L64/PPO and the F64 copolymer concentration ranging from ccp = 0.2 to 0.4, the interface exhibits a saturation state, which results in the aggregation and micelle formation of F64 copolymers added to the blends, and a lowered efficiency of the L64 copolymers as a compatibilizer, thus, the interfacial tension decreases slightly; (iii) For the blends of PEO/F68/PPO, elevating the Pluronic copolymer concentration can promote Pluronic copolymer enrichment at the interfaces without forming the micelles, which reduces the interfacial tension significantly. The interfacial properties of the blends contained the PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymer compatibilizers are, thus, controlled by the triblock copolymer structure and the concentration. This work provides important insights into the use of the PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymer as compatibilizers in the PEO and PPO homopolymer blend systems.

Synergistic effects in cross-linked blends of ion-conducting PEO-/PPO-based unsaturated polyesters

Ion-conductive unsaturated polyesters (UP) were synthesised from poly(ethylene oxide) (Xn = 9, 13, 22, 90) or poly(propylene oxide) (Xn = 7, 13, 20, 34, 68) and maleic anhydride. Subsequently, the polyesters were doped with LiClO4 and cross-linked with styrene using a redox initiator. For PEO-based polyesters, the minimum resistivity is found at an O/Li+ molar ratio of 50/1. In contrast, more lithium is required to reach the minimum when using PPO (O/Li+ = 10/1). Unlike the PEO-based polyesters, cross-linking of the PPO types gives rise to decreasing resistivities at increasing molecular weight. This correlates well with the transverse proton relaxation time determined by single-sided NMR, which is an indicator of the chain mobility. The cross-linking reaction of these UP with styrene exactly follows the predictions based on the copolymerisation parameters and is, therefore, not dependent on the ratio of styrene to UP double bonds as previously reported. Due to the opposing effects of the molecular weight on the ion conductivity of PEO- and PPO-based UP, 1:1 blends of short-chain PPO and long-chain PEO polyesters were cross-linked with styrene. The resulting networks showed a resistivity of 4 kΩ m (σ = 2.5∙10−4 S∙m−1), which is 5 times lower than the pure PEO and 3 times lower than the pure PPO materials.

Investigation of morphology and transport properties of Na+ ion conducting PMMA:PEO hybrid polymer electrolyte

Abstract The aim of this research work is to examine the modification of structure, morphology and conductivity properties of PMMA: PEO blend hybrid polymer electrolyte system complexed with NaClO4 salt. Solution-cast procedure was adopted in preparation of these films. These films were characterized with XRD, SEM, DSC, and DC conductivity for the evaluation of modified properties. Peaks have disappeared and broadened in the XRD pattern of PMMA for higher concentration of PEO polymer and salt presented films, which indicated that attaining of higher amorphous phase in these polymer electrolyte films. Almost smooth surface morphology with fewer pores was observed in 20 wt. % of PEO and NaClO4 salt present PMMA films of SEM image. This establishes a dominant presence of amorphous content in these NaClO4 complexed PMMA:PEO hybrid electrolyte films when compared to pure PMMA and PEO. Disappearance of melting temperature was observed in all concentrations of NaClO4 salt and PEO polymer added PMMA polymer films, which suggests a decrease of crystalline and an increase of amorphous nature. Enhancing of DC conductivity with temperature was observed in all the films but higher conductivity was exhibited at higher concentration of NaClO4 salt present films.

Polyether Single and Double Crystalline Blends and the Effect of Lithium Salt on Their Crystallinity and Ionic Conductivity.

In this work, blends of Poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, and poly(1,6-hexanediol), PHD, were prepared in a wide composition range. They were examined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Polarized Light Optical Microscopy (PLOM) and Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS). Based on the results obtained, the blends were partially miscible in the melt and their crystallization was a function of miscibility and composition. Crystallization triggered phase separation. In blends with higher PEO contents both phases were able to crystallize due to the limited miscibility in this composition range. On the other hand, the blends with higher PHD contents display higher miscibility and therefore, only the PHD phase could crystallize in them. A nucleation effect of the PHD phase on the PEO phase was detected, probably caused by a transference of impurities mechanism. Since PEO is widely used as electrolyte in lithium batteries, the PEO/PHD blends were studied with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI), and the effect of Li-salt concentration was studied. We found that the lithium salt preferentially dissolves in the PEO phase without significantly affecting the PHD component. While the Li-salt reduced the spherulite growth rate of the PEO phase within the blends, the overall crystallization rate was enhanced because of the strong nucleating effect of the PHD component. The ionic conductivity was also determined for the blends with Li-salt. At high temperatures (>70 °C), the conductivity is in the order of ~10−3 S cm−1, and as the temperature decreases, the crystallization of PHD was detected. This improved the self-standing character of the blend films at high temperatures as compared to the one of neat PEO.

Experimental design to evaluate properties of electrospun fibers of zein/poly (ethylene oxide) for biomaterial applications

AbstractThe production of polymer fibers from the combination of zein and PEO might have great potential in the field of biomaterial. Zein/PEO fibers were obtained in this work through solution electrospinning. An experimental design, 24‐1, was used for evaluating the influences of PEO content in the blend, distance from the needle tip to the collector, applied electric voltage and solution flow for average fiber diameter and relative‐yield process. Beyond this, the relationship between PEO content in the blend and the fiber properties were evaluated through FTIR, DSC, TG, tensile tests, and cytotoxic tests. The factor that exerts the greatest effect on the average fiber diameter response was the electrical voltage. The increase in PEO content in the blend decreased the thermal stability and increased the degree of the fibers' crystallinity. The mechanical tests showed that fibers with higher elongation were obtained at richer PEO blends. The fibers presented cytocompatible characteristics.

Rheology of complex biobased quaternary blends: Poly(lactic acid) [poly(ethylene oxide)]/poly(ether-b-amide)/poly(amide 11)

Linear and nonlinear viscoelastic approaches are used to study multiphase biobased blends of poly(lactic acid), poly(amide 11), poly(ether-b-amide) (PEBA), and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in a wide range of compositions. The novelty of this work resides in (a) the study of hybrid quaternary blends with droplet-matrix as well as cocontinuous morphology, (b) the effect of the PEO and PEBA blend components on the rheological properties, and (c) the investigation of the nonlinear viscoelastic regime for complex hybrid blends. Correlations are established between blend morphology and rheological behavior. Among the different linear rheological approaches, i.e., elastic modulus, complex viscosity, yield stress, Cole–Cole plots, Han plots, and Mavridish–Shroff or Booij–Palmen plots, the latter is the most sensitive allowing extraction of a relaxation time from the plot. The results correlate reasonably well with the different morphologies of the blends. Both, linear and nonlinear methods lead to compatible results, distinguishing among blends with droplet-matrix, partially continuous dispersed phase and fully cocontinuous morphologies. Moreover, for the first time, the analysis of the nonlinear parameter, Q0, allows a qualitative comparison of the interfacial areas of blends with a dispersed phase-matrix morphology at different continuity levels and those with cocontinuous morphology.

Preparation, characterization and impedance spectroscopic studies of Na+ ion conducting PEO + PVDF-blended polymer electrolytes

The films of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based blended polymer electrolyte films complexed with sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) salt were prepared using the solution casting method. The complexation of NaClO4 salt with the blend of polymers PEO and PVDF was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The melting temperatures were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The surface morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The prepared films were subjected to electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to investigate ionic conductivity, dielectric and electrical modulus studies. It was observed that adding a small amount of PVDF to the PEO host polymer improves the interaction between the ions and the polymer and results in more ionic dissociation. Consequently, the number of active mobile carriers in the polymer matrix increases. The ionic conductivity studies have shown the maximum conductivity 2.84 × 10−6 S/cm at 303 K for the polymer blend 0.8PEO + 0.2PVDF complexed with 5 wt% NaClO4 and it is attributed to a decrease in crystallinity. Ionic transport numbers of various prepared samples were measured using Wagner’s polarization technique.

Chitosan/Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) Filled Carbonized Wood Fiber Conductive Composite Film

Biopolymer-based conductive polymer composites (CPCs) would open up various possibilities in biomedical applications owing to ease of processing, renewable resource and environmentally friendly. However, low mechanical properties are a major issue for their applications. In this study, the investigated the conductivity of chitosan/ PEO blend films filled with carbonized wood fiber (CWF) prepared by solution casting. The effect of CWF was also investigated on tensile properties and their morphological surfaces. The tensile results from different ratios of chitosan/PEO blend films without CWF show that the tensile strength and modulus increased with the increase of chitosan content and chitosan/PEO blend film with 70/30 ratio exhibited the best combination of tensile strength and flexibility. However, a reduction of tensile strength was observed when CWF amount was increased while the modulus of the tensile shows an increment. The film also exhibited higher electrical conductivity as compared to low chitosan ratio. The addition of CWF greatly enhanced the conductivity three-fold from 10-10 to 10-6 S/cm. The electrical conductivity continued to increase with the increase of CWF up to 30wt%. The surface morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) exhibits the absence of phase separation for the blends indicating good miscibility between the PEO and chitosan. Incorporation of CWF into the blend films at 5wt% showed agglomeration. However, the increase of CWF created larger agglomerations that formed conductive pathways resulting in improved conductivity. FTIR analysis suggested that intermolecular interactions occurred between chitosan and PEO while CWF interacts more with the protons of PEO.

Low Frequency Dielectric Relaxation and Conductance of Solid Polymer Electrolytes with PEO and Blends of PEO and PMMA.

Solid polymer electrolytes are mixtures of polymer and inorganic salt. There are quite a number of studies dealing with the relationship between electric conductivity and structural relaxation in solid polymer electrolytes. We present a phenomenological approach based on fluctuation-dissipation processes. Phase heterogeneity appears in poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) of high molecular mass and its blends due to crystallization and accompanying phase segregation. Addition of salt hampers crystallization, causing dynamic heterogeneity of the salt mixtures. Conductivity is bound to amorphous phase; the conductivity mechanism does not depend on content of added salt. One observes dispersion of conductivity relaxation only at low frequency. This is also true for blends with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). In blends, the dynamics of relaxation depend on glass transition of the system. Glassy PMMA hampers relaxation at room temperature. Relaxation can only be observed when salt content is sufficiently high. As long as blends are in rubbery state at room temperature, they behave PEO-like. Blends turn into glassy state when PMMA is in excess. Decoupling of long-ranging and dielectric short-ranging relaxation can be observed. Conductivity mechanism in PEO, as well as in blends with PMMA were analyzed in terms of complex impedance Z*, complex permittivity, tangent loss spectra and complex conductivity.

A Compact Gel Membrane Based on a Blend of PEO and PVDF for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes

AbstractA compact gel membrane (GM) with certain flexibility is facilely fabricated after a casted PEO/PVDF blend film is swelled by a LiPF6‐based liquid electrolyte. The GM exhibits a suitable lithium ionic conductivity (0.28 mS cm−1 at r.t., room temperature), a remarkable lithium‐ion transference number (0.52 at r.t.), and high mechanical strength (19.0 MPa) in dry or wet state. Owing to the special comprehensive performance of the GM, dendrite‐free reversible lithium plating/stripping (up to 500 h) at a current density of 0.5 mA cm−2 and a capacity of 0.25 mAh cm−2 is achieved for Li metal anodes at r.t.. The suppression of lithium dendrite of the obtained GM is further demonstrated in Li/GM/LiFePO4 cells with a high discharge capacity (142 mAh g−1 at r.t. and 160 mAh g−1at 50 °C) and a superior cycling stability. This research provides a new strategy for developing lithium metal batteries with high stability and long cycle life.

Fabrication of energy storage EDLC device based on CS:PEO polymer blend electrolytes with high Li+ ion transference number

High ion transference number polymer blend electrolytes of chitosan (CS):poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO):LiClO4 systems were synthesized using solution cast technique. The XRD analysis indicated that the crystalline peaks of CS vanished in CS:PEO host blend polymer. The intensity of the hump observed in CS:PEO blend film decreased upon addition of LiClO4 salt. The FTIR study revealed the complex formation between the CS:PEO and added salt through the shifting and lessening in intensity of the FTIR bands corresponding to the functional groups. The bulk resistance estimated from the impedance plots decreased with increasing salt concentration. The maximum DC conductivity was found to be 7.34 × 10−4 S cm−1 for CS:PEO incorporated with 40 wt% of LiCLO4 salt. The electrical equivalent circuit (EEC) model has been carried out for selected samples to clarify the common picture of the electrical properties of the system. It has been verified via transference number analysis (TNM) that the transport mechanism in CS:PEO:LiClO4 electrolyte is predominantly ionic in nature with tion = 0.993 and tel = 0.007. The high ion transference number and high DC conductivity emphasized the possibility of the samples for electrochemical device application. From linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) investigation, CS:PEO:LiClO4 electrolyte was found to be electrochemically constant as the voltage sweep linearly up to 2.24 V. The CV curve covered most of the area of the current–potential plot with no redox peaks. The DC conductivity value, TNM and LSV results revealed the availability of the samples for electrical double layer capacitor (EDLC) application. The existence of charges double-layer in the fabricated EDLC was proven from cyclic voltammetry (CV). EDLC showed a consistent performance of specific capacitance (6.88 F g−1), energy density (0.94 Wh kg−1) and power density (305 W kg−1) for complete 100 cycles at a current density of 0.5 mA cm−2.