Penicillium Gladioli Research Articles

Isolation and Identification of Pathogens Causing Blue Mold of Lanzhou Lily during Postharvest Storage and Control of Disease and Mycotoxin Accumulation by Ozone Treatment.

Blue mold (penicilliosis) is a common disease of Lanzhou lily (Lilium davidii var. willmottiae) during postharvest storage, which not only seriously affects the appearance and reduces the quality of lily bulbs, but also leads to the accumulation of mycotoxins in rotten lily tissues, seriously endangering human health. Therefore, it is of great significance to clarify the main isolates causing postharvest blue mold of fresh Lanzhou lily and put forward effective measures to control the disease caused by these pathogens. In this study, pathogens were isolated and purified from the naturally diseased blue-mold tissue of Lanzhou lily, and then morphological and molecular biology techniques were applied to identify the isolates, verify the pathogenicity, determine the disease index and disease incidence, and finally, to analyze the control effect of ozone treatment on the blue mold of lily scale and mycotoxin accumulation. The results indicated that the main isolates causing postharvest blue mold of lily were Talaromyces adpressus, Penicillium gladioli, T. calidominioluteus, and P. polonicum. The pathogenicity test showed that P. gladioli and P. polonicum had a higher disease index than T. calidominioluteus and T. adpressus. Ozone treatment significantly reduced the incidence of disease caused by P. gladioli and P. polonicum, and effectively controlled the accumulation of patulin. This study characterized the main pathogens causing blue mold of postharvest Lanzhou lily during storage, and confirmed ozone application has a significant inhibitory effect on blue mold development and patulin accumulation in Lanzhou lily, which could be helpful in commercially controlling blue mold of postharvest Lanzhou lily during storage.

Microfungus Flora of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Wheat (Triticum durum L.) Grains from Corum Region (Turkey)

In this study, it was aimed to isolate and define the microfungi flora on rice (Oryza sativa L. var. Osmancik – 97) and wheat (Triticum durum L.) cultivated in Corum province (Turkey). After macroscopic and microscopic criteria, microfungi colonies were defined at the species level. Along with the study, in rice grains, Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium orchidis, Penicillium commune, Penicillium crustosum, Penicillium pallidum, and Penicillium brevicompactum were recorded whereas In wheat grains; Alternaria alternata, Curvularia lunata, Curvularia sorghina, Fusarium poae, Microsporon audouinii, Penicillium albicans, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium funiculosum, Penicillium gladioli, and Ulocladium botrytis were defined and reported fot wheat samples. Keywords: Rice, Wheat, Microfungi, Corum, Turkey. DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/5-9-12

Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Hedera Helix Leaf Ethanolic Extract

The 50% ethanol extract obtained from Hedera helix leaves was investigated regarding the presence and quantity of polyphenols, sterols and in vitro antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi. The chemical analysis revealed the presence of rutin, quercetin and kaempferol in the non-hydrolysed sample and quercetin and kaempferol in the hydrolysed sample and stigmasterol in the ivy leaf extract (nonhydrolysed sample). The antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi (Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, B. tulipae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tulipae, Penicillium gladioli, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) was assessed using an agar dilution assay. The results are expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC = 10–14%) and were compared to a synthetic antifungal drug–fluconazole (MIC = 8–30%). This report presents the first screening of the antifungal activity of the ivy leaf extract on these plant pathogenic fungi species, aiming to use the ivy leaf extract for controlling different diseases of vegetables and ornamental plants, in addition to human disorders.

Phenolic Compounds and Antifungal Activity of <i>Hedera helix</i> L. (Ivy) Flowers and Fruits

Identification and quantitative analysis of the phenolic compounds from Hedera helix L. (ivy) flower and fruit ethanol extracts by LC/MS, in vitro germination and growth inhibition effects on Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. tulipae, Penicillium gladioli and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were performed. In the non-hydrolyzed samples of flower and fruit extracts were determined, in different amounts, five polyphenols (p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, rutoside, quercetol and kaempferol) while quercitrin was identified only in the ivy flower extract. The hydrolyzed samples of the same ivy extracts indicated four phenolic compounds (p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, quercetol and kaempferol), in different concentrations, whereas sinapic acid was only detected in the ivy fruit extract. The antifungal activity of the fresh flower extract was stronger than that of the fresh fruit extract and was compared to that of an antimycotic drug.

Antifungal activity of Aloe vera leaves

Aloe vera fresh leaves hydroalcoholic plant extract was tested against the mycelial growth of Botrytis gladiolorum, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. gladioli, Heterosporium pruneti and Penicillium gladioli on Czapek-agar medium. The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) varied between 80 and 100 μl/ml, depending on the fungal species.

The sequence of the isoepoxydon dehydrogenase gene of the patulin biosynthetic pathway in Penicillium species

Interest in species of the genus Penicillium is related to their ability to produce the mycotoxin patulin and to cause spoilage of fruit products worldwide. The sequence of the isoepoxydon dehydrogenase (idh) gene, a gene in the patulin biosynthetic pathway, was determined for 28 strains representing 12 different Penicillium species known to produce the mycotoxin patulin. Isolates of Penicillium carneum, Penicillium clavigerum, Penicillium concentricum, Penicillium coprobium, Penicillium dipodomyicola, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium gladioli, Penicillium glandicola, Penicillium griseofulvum, Penicillium paneum, Penicillium sclerotigenum and Penicillium vulpinum were compared. Primer pairs for DNA amplification and sequencing were designed from the P. griseofulvum idh gene (GenBank AF006680). The two introns present were removed from the nucleotide sequences, which were translated to produce the IDH sequences of the 12 species for comparison. Phylogenetic relationships among the species were determined from rDNA (ITS1, 5.8 S, ITS2 and partial sequence of 28S rDNA) and from the idh nucleotide sequences minus the two introns. Maximum parsimony analysis showed trees based on rDNA and idh sequences to be congruent. It is anticipated that the genetic information obtained in the present study will aid in the design of probes, specific for patulin biosynthetic pathway genes, to identify the presence of these mycotoxigenic fungi.

Arsenic methylation by micro-organisms isolated from sheepskin bedding materials.

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has been associated with the volatilization of arsenic, antimony or phosphorus compounds from infants' bedding material by micro-organisms, the so-called 'toxic gas hypothesis'. The volatilization of arsenic by aerobic micro-organisms isolated from new sheepskin bedding material, as well as on material used by a healthy infant and by an infant who perished of SIDS, was examined. Three fungi were isolated from a piece of sheepskin bedding material on which an infant perished of SIDS, which methylated arsenic to form trimethylarsenic(V) species, precursors to volatile trimethylarsine. These three fungi were identified as Scopulariopsis koningii, Fomitopsis pinicola and Penicillium gladioli by their 26S-ribosomal RNA polymerase chain reaction products. These fungi were not previously known to methylate arsenic. The volatilization of arsenic by these three fungi was then examined. Only P. gladioli volatilized arsenic and only under conditions such that the production of sufficient trimethylarsine to be acutely toxic to an infant is unlikely. S. brevicaulis grew on the sheepskin bedding material and evolved a trace amount of trimethylarsine. Known human pathogens such as Mycobacterium neoaurum and Acinetobacter junii were isolated from used bedding.

The biosynthesis of dihydrogladiolic acid by Penicillium gladioli

The formation of dihydrogladiolic acid from [1- 13 C]-, [1,2- 13 C 2 ]- and [2- 2 H 3 ]acetate and from [Me- 2 H 3 ]methionine in Penicillium gladioli has been shown by NMR methods to conform to the expected tetraketide biosynthesis with the additional carbon atoms arising from methionine.

Isolation and characterization of the trimethyl ester of 2,3-dicarboxy-4-methoxy-5-methylbenzoic acid, a degradation product of naphthomycin A, semisynthetically obtained from Penicillium gladioli cultures

Isolation and characterization of the trimethyl ester of 2,3-dicarboxy-4-methoxy-5-methylbenzoic acid, a degradation product of naphthomycin A, semisynthetically obtained from Penicillium gladioli cultures

Influence of nitrogen source on the synthesis of fat from sucrose by Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Cladosporium fulvum, Cladosporium herbarum and penicillium gladioli.

AbstractThe influence of ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, ammonium chloride, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate and urea as nitrogen sources on the synthesis of fat by Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Cladosporium fulvum, Cladosporium herbarum and Penicillium gladioli has been studied. Sodium nitrate has proved to be the best source of nitrogen for production of fat by A. terreus, C. herbarum and C. fulvum where the highest yields obtained were of fat contents in the felt of 51.0, 29.2 and 23.5 %, respectively. In the case of A. ochraceus the highest yield of fat was obtained with urea as nitrogen source giving a fat content in the mycelium of 47.5%. The highest yield of fat by P. gladioli was obtained using ammonium nitrate, giving a fat content of 31.0%.

Gladiolic acid and related aromatic ortho-dialdehydes, a novel class of mitochondrial inhibitors. Inactivation of cytochrome c

Gladiolic acid (4-methoxy-5-methyl-o-phthalaldehyde-3-carboxylic acid), an antifungal metabolite produced by Penicillium gladioli (McCull. & Thom), was found to inactivate the catalytic properties of horse heart cytochrome c by reacting with functionally-critical lysine residues in the heme protein. Cyclopaldic acid, quadrilineatin, flavipin and 3-formylopianic acid, aromatic o-dialdehydes structurally related to gladiolic acid (GA), also inactivated cytochrome c. Dihydrogladiolic acid did not complex with cytochrome c. Three moles of GA reacted per mole of cytochrome c reduced the ability of the protein to function with beef heart cytochrome oxidase and pig heart NADH-cytochrome c reductase by 85% and 100%, respectively. The ferricytochrome c-GA complex weakly inhibited the interaction of ferrocytochrome c with the acidic protein of cytochrome oxidase. The reaction between GA and cytochrome c appeared to proceed further than a simple Schiff base formation and the complex was not reversed by dialysis. Gladiolic acid acted as an “apparent” inhibitor of cytochrome oxidase of sweet potato mitochondria by inactivating cytochrome c in situ . Oxidative phosphorylation associated with cytochrome oxidase activity (Site III) was strongly inhibited.

Gladiolic acid, a metabolic product of Penicillium gladioli. II. Structure and fungistatic activity.

Gladiolic acid, a metabolic product of Penicillium gladioli. II. Structure and fungistatic activity.

Gladiolic acid, a metabolic product of Penicillium gladioli. I. Structure.

Research Article| March 01 1952 Gladiolic acid, a metabolic product of Penicillium gladioli. 1. Structure John Frederick Grove John Frederick Grove 1Imperial Chemical Industries Limited, Butterwick Research Laboratories, The Frythe, Welwyn, Herts Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1952) 50 (5): 648–666. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0500648 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation John Frederick Grove; Gladiolic acid, a metabolic product of Penicillium gladioli. 1. Structure. Biochem J 1 March 1952; 50 (5): 648–666. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0500648 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1952 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1952 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.