Penetrating Ability Of Spermatozoa Research Articles

Mobile Phones Reduce the Penetration Ability of Human Spermatozoa And Increase the Percentage of Swollen Sperm in the Seminal Fluid of Humans.

Generally, people hold mobile phones in the pocket of their pants, especially near the testes, and for that reason, the possible effects of mobile on reproductive health have become a matter of serious concern. The biological responses of such exposure caused various adverse effects on almost all biological systems. So, the present research has been proposed to study the biological responses of different duration of mobile phone usage on certain sperm functional parameters like penetration ability of spermatozoa and percentage of swollen sperm through an artificial medium (polyacrylamide) and Hypo Osmotic Swelling Test, respectively. For this, semen was collected from 65 men who used a mobile phone (SAR value 2.0 W/Kg averaged over 10gram tissue) at least 3 hours a week and kept mobile in their waist pocket. Semen was also collected from 22 men who never used mobile phones and were regarded as control. Their semen is analyzed according to the method given in the WHO laboratory manual for examining human semen, 5th edition, (2010). The results showed a highly significant (p<0.001) decreased spermatozoa penetration ability and a highly significant increased (p<0.001) level of percentage swollen spermatozoa in hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST) in human subjects using mobile phones in the last 01-05 years, 06-09 years and more than 10 years of duration in comparison to non-users human subjects. Evidence from current studies suggests the potentially harmful effects of mobile phones on certain sperm functional parameters and makes the seminal fluid infertile. A further standardized study is needed to assess the risk of mobile phone use on the reproductive system.

TESTICULAR CHANGES AND SPERM CHARACTERISTICS IN THE DIFFERENT DROMEDARY CAMEL BREEDS DURING THE BREEDING AND NON-BREEDING SEASONS

Sixty- four male dromedary camel testes from different breeds (Fellahi, Maghrebi and Sudani) during the breeding and non –breeding seasons were used. The experimental work aimed to define the effect of breed and seasons on testicular measurements and sperm characteristics. The penetrating ability of spermatozoa into she-camel cervical mucus was also assessed. The obtained results revealed that, testes weight (g), testicular volume (cm3), scrotal circumference (cm) and testes tone firmer score were significantly (P<0.05) higher during the breeding than during the non- breeding season, while insignificant differences between Fellahi and Maghrebi than Sudani camels were detected. Percentage of sperm motility and sperm-cell concentration (x106/ml) were significantly (P<0.05) higher, while the percentages of dead spermatozoa, abnormal spermatozoa, acrosomal damage and chromatin damage of spermatozoa were significantly (P<0.05) lower in the breeding than in the non-breeding season in Fellahi and Maghrebi camels as compared with Sudani ones. Penetrating ability of spermatozoa into she-camel cervical mucus was significantly (P<0.05) better during the breeding than non- breeding season in the different breeds (Fellahi, Maghrebi and Sudanese camels). The penetrating ability of spermatozoa into she-camel cervical mucus was not significant in the various breeds (Fellahi, Maghrebi and Sudanese camels). Moreover, the prolongation of incubation time at 37oC for 4 hours significantly (P<0.05) decreased the penetrating ability of spermatozoa into she-camel cervical mucus either in the breeding or the non-breeding season with the different dromedary camel breeds. In conclusion, sperm characteristics and ability of Fellahi and Maghrebi camel spermatozoa to penetrate cervical mucus during the breeding season showed better performance than Sudani camel spermatozoa.

Infertile spermatozoa in a human carrier of robertsonian translocation 14;22

Objective: To present the ultrastructural, functional, and chromosomal analyses of spermatozoa from an infertile man with normal phenotype and chromosomal translocation 14;22. Design: Case report. Setting: Regional Reference Center for Male Infertility in Siena, Italy. Patient(s): A 36-year-old man with primary infertility for 3 years and his parents. Intervention(s): Family history and lymphocytic karyotypes, physical and hormonal assays, and semen analysis. Main Outcome Measure(s): Morphological sperm evaluation was performed by light, fluorescent, and electron microscopy; chromosomal constitution was examined by the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. The penetration ability of spermatozoa was checked by the hamster test. Result(s): The spermatozoa of the patient showed unusual ultrastructural defects. The nuclei were large, spheroidal, and generally uncondensed; the acrosomes were frequently absent or reduced; and the axonemes were often devoid of dynein arms or central singlet tubules. These characteristics are related to immaturity. The lymphocytic karyotype revealed a robertsonian translocation 14;22 in the sterile patient and his mother. FISH sperm analysis demonstrated a high frequency of diploidy for the chromosome 18,XY. The hamster penetration test gave negative results. Conclusion(s): The unusual structural sperm immaturity is associated with the translocation 14;22. This chromosomal anomaly may therefore negatively influence the spermatogenesis; an interchromosomal effect on meiosis segregation is also suggested.