Penal Experience Research Articles

Revolutionary women, body, and the limits of nationalist ideology in colonial Bengal: re-reading the memoirs of Bina Das and Kamala Dasgupta

ABSTRACT This paper deals with the memoirs of two Bengali revolutionary women, Bina Das’ Srinkhal Jhankar published in 1948, translated as Bina Das: A Memoir, and Kamala Dasgupta’s Rakter Akshare (Written in Blood) in 1954 to argue how their subjective desire and experience dismantle the gendered rhetoric of nationalism in colonial Bengal. The accounts of Bina and Kamala present their involvement in militant activism and subsequent imprisonment. Notably, there is an inherent urge in their writings to sacrifice life for the nation and a determination not to retreat from the torturous conditions of the colonial prison. The paper contends that the rhetoric of nationalism in colonial Bengal is embedded in hegemonic masculinity that initially confined women to the spiritual and domestic realm and later allowed them to be educated and modern without acknowledging their subjectivity. Activities of these political women thus destabilise the gender discourse prevalent in the private and public sphere of colonial society, which calls for a revision of the nationalist historiography. So, this essay will examine how tropes of the body, self-sacrifice, and penal experience, as produced in these memoirs, negotiate the nationalist ideology, subvert the binary of masculine and feminine, and establish their political subjectivity.

Conventional Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) Complications Rate in a Tertiary Care Center.

Background: Assess The Complication Rate Of Conventional Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy In A Tertiary Care Hospital (PCNL). Study design: A Retrospective observational study. Place and duration of study: Department Urology Lady Reading Hospital In Peshawar, Pakistan, From 05-January 2016 To 05- January 2020 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The following research was carried out by the urologist department of Lady Reading Hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan, from January 2016 to January 2020. Four hundred thirty-nine individuals with normal-panel underwent the study. Before non- contrast, C.T. kub was done on all subjects. The patient was lying flat after the 6fr ureteric catheter was inserted in the lithotomy position. All prone procedures using 30fr am plating sheaths were directed by fluoroscopy. Hydraulic lithoclasts broke the stone. All nephrostomy tubes were foley devices with a 16-fr size. Six physicians performed these operations with four years of penal experience. Postoperative problems were evaluated using an adapted Cloven rating method. Results: There were problems with 46.9%. 54 (12%) and (120) grade I and II clavier problems were discovered. 67 (15%) stage I patients with transient temperature were treated with antipyretics. 53 (12%) patients used supine pressure bands to treat nephrostomy site leakage. 9 (2%) of the grade II issues needed IV antibiotics for sepsis, and 45 (10%) required blood transfusions. Extended haemorrhage occurred in 4 (0.8%) patients who underwent percutaneous angioembolization and 6 (1.2%) patients who underwent perinephric collection drainage. One (0.2%) patient had a colostomy, and 24 (5.3%) patients with persistent nephrostomy leakage or PCS injury underwent D.J. stenting. I was alright with Intensity IV. 0.4% of fatalities were due to severe bleeding. Conclusion: The procedure of percutaneous nephrolithotomy is economical, risk-free, and well-tolerated. Most of the time, minor problems like brief temperature and nephrostomy site leaks go away independently. The degree of complexity has been reduced to almost nothing due to the shrinking size of Pcnls from conventional to mini, ultra mini, and micro. Keywords: Complications, Territorial Care, Conventional, PCNL

“Onde o cidadão perdia o nome”: A Colônia Correcional de Dois Rios e o estado de exceção

The Colonia Correcional de Dois Rios (CCDR) [Dois Rios Penal Colony] began its life in September1894, at the very origins of the authoritarian and exclusionary penal experience of the Brazilian Republic. Within the context of the state of exception, a significant increase in the inmate population was recorded in the 1930s, which came to include hundreds of political prisoners, among them Graciliano Ramos and journalist Heron Pereira Pinto, who both compared the Colony to a concentration camp in their memoirs. The present article aims to discuss the CCDR’s trajectory as a space of exception and for the production of “naked life”, according to the theoretical frameworks proposed by Giorgio Agamben.

Hearing Tried People in International Criminal Justice: Sympathy for the Devil?

By considering critics of research studies which take into consideration the ‘voice of prosecuted people’ before international criminal tribunals, this contribution develops a theoretical argument that would justify the recourse to the penal experience of prosecuted people in order to analyse the rationality and impact of international criminal justice. Our reasoning, based on conceptual landmarks drawn from the social sciences, allows us also to support a specific approach to the legal process as phenomenon. It is therefore not only addressed to sociologists, social psychologists and criminologists, but also to lawyers, who are, considering the foundations of their field, probably the most resistant to our perspective. The article expounds the necessity to establish a new approach: the respondents’ approach.

Medical Officers, Bodies, Gender and Weight Fluctuation in Irish Convict Prisons, 1877–95

This article focuses on the function of the convict prison infirmary and views it as a site of arbitration, resistance and 'contested power'. In accordance with the rules and regulations periods of incarceration in convict prisons began and ended with an obligatory medical examination. While the primary function of the initial test was to measure the convict body in order ascertain physical ability to conduct hard labour it also provided a thorough bio-metrical description for future identification purposes. The final examination was not as comprehensively undertaken but also concerned itself with anthropometrical observations. It would be reasonable to assume that the balance of power was weighted in the authority's favour but this research has found evidence to the contrary. For instance, that there was a fair degree of physiological knowledge within the convict population and that some convicts used the infirmary for dietary gains and reprieve from hard labour. Using body mass index (BMI) as an instrument to measure physical wellbeing this article views the doctor-convict interface as a crucial component of the penal experience. It analyses 251 convict medical records to show that the balance of diet and work led to what might be considered a counterintuitive outcome - a preponderance of weight gain, particularly for males in Irish prisons.

Crime, Justice and Indigenous Peoples: the ‘New Justice’ and Settler States

The articles in this issue draw on cross-national comparisons of indigenous crime and justice in three ‘settler societies’, Australia, Canada and New Zealand. These kindred states share a common imperial history but their geo-political, cultural and historical trajectories are sufficiently different to reveal the underlying character of neo-colonial indigenous-state relations. Despite differences in indigenous culture, the timing of contact, the ‘civilizing’ or assimilationist mechanisms employed and constitutional form all states share an over-reliance on penal measures as a means of regulating indigenous-state relations. Yet considerable variations in the penal experience of Aborigines are observed so that differences are often greater amongst them than between Aborigines and non-Aborigines. These anomalies in indigenous criminalization are for Tyler (this issue) not only a product of anomie but reflect variations in economic dependency, cultural resilience, ethnic fluidity and 'identity' arising from the encounter with the post-colonial state.

On determining reinforcing stimuli: Armchair versus empirical procedures

Reinforcer item selections of two inmate groups (new, inmates incarcerated less than 3 months; old, inmates incarcerated more than 6 months) were determined with a 10-item questionnaire. Using the same questionnaire, four predictor groups (prison administrators, college students, mental health workers with penal experience, and mental health workers without penal experience) were asked to indicate the order in which they thought the prisoners would select the reinforcers. There were marked similarities in the reinforcer choices of new and old prison inmates. Three major clusters evolved from the prisoner selections of the 10 reinforcer items reflecting a preference for (1) early release from prison, (2) contact with the “free world” while incarcerated, and (3) in-prison privileges in the order listed. Of the four predictor groups, prison administrators were the most accurate in predicting the rank order in which prisoners selected the reinforcers. Education and training did not seem to help the mental health workers make more accurate predictions than either the students or prison administrators. Moreover, work experience in a penal setting did not significantly improve the accuracy of prediction of mental health professionals. Implications for mental health workers engaged in consulting to prison behavioral programs are discussed.

Level of Aspiration Comparisons for Varying Stages of Penal Experience

The CGAT is the standard form published by Western Psychological Services, Los Angeles, California (3). It is made up of twelve separ ate parts all precisely alike but in some instances administered differ ently. However, only the first eight parts of this test were utilized for this study. Each part of the test consists of four lines of capital X's that are double spaced, as illustrated in Figure 1. The task is to draw a small circle at the top and bottom of each X as rapidly as possible for the $0 seconds of time allotted by the examiner. The Hausmann Technique is utilized for administering, i. e., individuals are instructed that their score will not exceed their bid and will be two points less than their per formance for each X bid and not completed (6). The four indices from the CGAT described in the Manual were util ized in the survey. They are described as follows: