Penaeus Monodon Fabricius Research Articles

Effects of mangrove leaf litter on the water quality, growth, and survival of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798) post-larvae

Effects of mangrove leaf litter on the water quality, growth, and survival of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798) post-larvae

Assessing White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) and Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) concurrent with Vibrio spp. in various Penaeus monodon aquaculture farms at southwestern region of Bangladesh

This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) and Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) in giant tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798) aquaculture systems (extensive, improved-extensive, and semi-intensive) in the south-western region of Bangladesh. This research employed real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to quantification cycle (Cq) values for identification of WSSV and AHPND in shrimp samples and Vibrio spp. was identified through biochemical tests on water and soil samples (n=72 for each) from different aquaculture systems. The results of the study indicated significant difference (p < 0.05) in nitrate and ammonia levels across the various aquaculture systems, highlighting the critical need for rigorous water quality monitoring and management. Extensive aquaculture exhibited the highest prevalence of WSSV (40%) and AHPND (33%) positive samples, whereas semi-intensive aquaculture had the lowest prevalence, with 22% WSSV-positive and 20% AHPND-positive samples. Biochemical analysis identified three Vibrio spp. such as V. cholerae, V. vulnificus, and V. parahaemolyticus - with significantly higher concentrations in extensive aquaculture compared to semi-intensive. Notably, V. vulnificus was more abundant (0.9×103 cfu/ml) in the soil of extensive aquaculture, while it was less prevalent in water. In conclusion, this study underscores that the risk of WSSV and AHPND was greater in extensive aquaculture due to inadequate management.

First detection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) from wild-caught giant tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 (Penaeoidea: Penaeidae) from the Gulf of Mexico and Northwestern Atlantic Ocean

First detection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) from wild-caught giant tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 (Penaeoidea: Penaeidae) from the Gulf of Mexico and Northwestern Atlantic Ocean

Combined Effect of Salinity and Temperature on Oxygen Consumption and Metabolic Rate in Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 (Decapoda, Penaeidae)

Experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of salinity on the oxygen consumption and metabolic rate of Penaeus monodon of varying body mass. In the present study, the shrimps were exposed to salinities from 0 to 45 ppt. The adults were not very comfortable with sudden increasing salinities at all the temperatures studied. The percentage increase in the metabolic rate of juvenile shrimp is about 37% at 25°C and 12% at 30°C with increasing salinity from 1 to 45 ppt. In the sub-adults, the percentage increase in metabolic rate further decreased with increasing salinity. The significant observation made at temperatures (15–20°C) is that there is not much variation in the oxygen consumption and metabolic rate with increasing salinities (10 ppt) and that the variation in metabolic rate is marginal. In further experiments, when the temperature was increased to 25°C, 30°C, and 35°C, minimal oxygen consumption rates were observed in freshwater (0 ppt) and at 5 ppt salinity. The effect size similar to R2 in the linear regression and the difference between the averages of all groups is to be statistically significant at 150 C. The F-value is 2.02 at 95% region of acceptance and the p-value is equals to 0.0499, the smaller the p-value is strong support to H1.

Quality of farmed shrimp (Penaeus monodon, Fabricius, 1798 and Macrobrachium rosenbergii, deman, 1879) as affected by melanosis inhibiting compounds

A problem associated with shrimp is blackspot or melanosis and to prevent blackspot, sulfites have been used for years but come with additional health risks. Newer 4- hexylresorcinol formulations exist that allow sulfite-free shrimp, but effects on the quality of Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798, and Macrobrachium rosenbergii, de Man, 1879, beyond melanosis prevention are unknown. Adverse effects on the quality of the shrimp from melanosis prevention treatments would negatively offset the benefits of a sulfite-free product. In order to determine if prevention compounds (sulfite powder or 4- hexylresorcinol based compounds, Everfresh® and Xyrex® Prawnfresh™) affect quality, proximate composition and total plate count of bacteria were determined for cultured (P. monodon and M. rosenbergii) shrimp in Bangladesh. The results showed no effect of melanosis prevention compound on proximate composition (p &gt; 0.05), but for each parameter, species were significantly different (p &lt; 0.001). For total plate count, treatment was not significantly different (p = 0.09), but species were significantly different in total plate count (p &lt; 0.001). M. rosenbergii had a higher total plate count. Results of this study indicated that proximate composition and bacterial levels are not affected by 4- hexylresorcinol melanosis treatments. Melanosis prevention is necessary to reduce loss due to unacceptance, and 4-hexylresorcinoltreated shrimp can provide the industry with a sulfite-free alternative.

Variation of Water Quality in Intensive Aquaculture Areas of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

The Mekong Delta produces about 70 % of Vietnam's national aquaculture output, and water quality management is a key factor in maintaining high levels of production and profitability. Effective water management strategies depend on understanding the spatial and temporal variations in water quality along major waterways. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the spatial and temporal fluctuation of water quality in the waterways of five provinces with intensive aquaculture operations in the Mekong Delta. The study sites included two inland provinces (An Giang and Can Tho) where striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878), is farmed, and three coastal provinces (Soc Trang, Bac Lieu, and Ca Mau) where white leg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931), and black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798, are cultured. At each sampling site, physicochemical parameters were monitored for 12 months on the main rivers which supply water to aquaculture systems. Water quality data were analysed and compared based on the coefficient of variation (CV), Pearson correlation coefficients to identify relationships among variables and principal component analysis (PCA) to identify 2–3 key parameters having the most significant influence on spatial and temporal variation in water quality in each province. BOD, COD, PO4 3-, S2-, NO2 - and NO3 - were highly variable (CV 40–120 %). Significant interrelationships ranged from -0.5 to 0.5 between many water quality parameters. Overall, water in most provinces was considered polluted. However, the water quality parameters, except for S2- and NO2 - , were within acceptable levels specified by National Technical Regulation on Surface Water Quality for Protection of Aquatic Life.

Erratum: Eyestalk Ablation to Increase Ovarian Maturation in Mud Crabs.

Erratum: Eyestalk Ablation to Increase Ovarian Maturation in Mud Crabs.

A comparative study on optimising the inclusion level of three different oilseed meals/cakes as a fishmeal substitute in the diet of Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798

A 60-day indoor feeding trial was conducted in tanks to optimise the inclusion level of three oilseed meals/cakes, such asgroundnut oil cake (GNC), rapeseed meal (RSM) and sesame oil cake (SOC), in the diet of Penaeus monodon Fabricius,1798. Each test ingredient was included separately at the rate of 0 (control), 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% by substituting fishmeal(w/w). The shrimps were hand-fed the respective pellet feed thrice a day in a static condition at the rate of 8% of thetotal biomass and was adjusted based on the intake. Results revealed that RSM-fed groups showed a lower daily growthcoefficient (DGC) (1.27% day-1) than the other two groups (1.29-1.30% day-1). The DGC decreased from 1.40 to 1.09% day-1with increase in inclusion levels from 0 to 10%. Broken line regression indicated that the optimal inclusion level of GNC,SOC and RSM was 5.4, 2.9 and 2.4%, respectively. Digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, as well as of the amino acids,Arg and Met increased by 1.92, 0.72, 4.02 and 4.74%, respectively, at 2.5% inclusion, and the increase was extended upto 5% for His, Leu and Lys. The dietary change did not affect survival and carcass composition, while free amino acidsin shrimp tail muscle varied among the treatments. Results concluded that all three oilseed meals/cakes are potentiallyviable and could substitute dietary fishmeal partially in P. monodon. In contrast, they were ranked as GNC &gt; SOC &gt; RSMaccording to the broken line model. Keywords: Black tiger shrimp, Carcass composition, Digestibility, Plant proteins, Shrimp feed

Proteases from Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 (Decapoda, Penaeidae): partial characterization and localization

Abstract This study aimed to characterize and determine the distribution of proteases in various anatomical parts of Penaeus monodon using mainly electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gels impregnated with casein (casein-SDS-PAGE) and specific protease inhibitors. Twelve caseinolytic bands designated A-L, with estimated molecular masses of 11.4-49.6 kDa were detected by SDS-PAGE, and were most abundant in the hepatopancreas. Among the 12 bands, E, J, K and L were predominant, A, G and H were identified as chymotrypsin-like proteases, D, E, I, J, K and L were identified as trypsin-like proteases, and B, C and F were identified as serine proteases. The proteases were most active at 50°C and pH 7.0. The proteolytic and trypsin-like activities of Penaeus monodon were most abundant in hepatopancreas extracts and least abundant in extracts from the haemolymph. Trypsin-like proteases in the hepatopancreas extract were found to activate prophenoloxidase (proPO) to form phenoloxidase (PO).

Periphyton: A natural fish food item for replacement of feed at optimized substrate surface area for cost-effective production in brackishwater polyculture

Periphyton community grown on submerged substrate in water could serve as a preferred natural food item to herbivorous and omnivorous fish and crustacean species. To determine the optimum substrate area for the growth of periphyton biomass serving as natural food and to reduce the requirement of pellet feed quantity, a 150-day pond experiment was conducted with four treatments of brackishwater polyculture: total feeding and no periphyton substrate (P0), and partial feeding with periphyton grown on nylon net substrate equivalent to 50 (P50), 75 (P75) and 100 (P100) % of pond surface area. Each treatment had three randomly assigned replicate ponds (50 m2). After 15 days of substrate fixation in the surface layer of ponds up to 50 cm water depth, stocking was made with seeds of Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758, Planiliza parsia (Hamilton, 1822), Chanos chanos (Forsskål, 1775) and Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 at 1800, 18000, 2000 and 30,000 number ha−1, respectively. A low-cost pellet feed (30.76% crude protein) was provided at 6–3% of fish biomass per day. Dry matter (DM) of periphyton biomass was estimated from each replicate pond under P50, P75 and P100 from 15 × 15 cm2 net substrate, and then total periphyton DM was calculated according to the substrate surface area at 15-day intervals. Then, the total periphyton biomass was divided to find out daily DM availability. The feed amount in P50, P75 and P100 ponds was reduced proportionately to the equivalent daily periphyton DM availability and the feeding at this reduced quantity was continued for 15 days. The experiment revealed significantly lower levels of nitrogenous and phosphorus compounds, and dissolved organic carbon content in water of P75 and P100, compared to that of P0 and P50 (P < 0.05) and there were interaction effects of experimental period and periphyton substrate area on these parameters. All the species had an increasing growth pattern with experimental period and there was an interaction effect of experimental period and periphyton substrate area on growth of these species, indicating periphyton had positive effects. The highest specific growth rate was recorded in P. monodon and the lowest was in M. cephalus. Pooled survival of fishes and shrimp, and total productivity did not differ among treatments (P > 0.05). Although, the highest level of feed reduction (42%) by the utilization of periphyton biomass was in P100, P75 performed better in terms of productivity and economic return with 30% feed reduction in polyculture. Similarly, there was 26–41% reduction in feed conversion ratio with the highest level being in P100 (41%), followed by P75 (40%) in comparison to P0. Moreover, carcass composition of cultured fishes and shrimp indicated that periphyton based systems with partial feeding could meet up the nutrient requirement of the animals with no negative effects in comparison to the feed-based system. Therefore, this study suggests that provision of periphyton substrate equivalent to 75% of pond surface area along with partial feeding is the most appropriate approach for achieving higher return with environmental sustainability in brackishwater polyculture.

Demographic characteristics and stock assessment of the giant tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 (Decapoda, Dendrobranchiata) in Pulicat Lake, southeast coast of India

Abstract Demographic characteristics and stock status of the giant tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon were investigated in Pulicat Lake, southeast coast of India, using the FiSAT II software package. The asymptotic length () and growth coefficient (K) were estimated as 20.44 cm and 0.90 year−1, respectively, by the ELEFAN method. The growth performance index (Ø′) was calculated as 2.575. The mortality parameters Z, F and M were computed to be 3.70, 2.15 and 1.55 year−1, respectively. The recruitment pattern was found to be continuous throughout the year with a peak in June and July. The estimated MSY and annual catch were 81.90 tonnes and 95.18 tonnes, respectively. The current exploitation rate (E) was found to be relatively higher than the optimum level. Hence it is recommended that the current effort level be decreased by 13.9% in order to sustain the fishery of this particular species in Pulicat Lake.

Growth and survival rates of domesticated and non-domesticated breeding stocks of Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 cultured in ponds and tanks

Sourced breeders from domesticated broodstocks have played an essential role in the steady development of shrimp culture in many countries. In the present study, two experiments were performed in Tra Vinh province, Vietnam, to compare the culturing benefits of sourced breeding stocks from domesticated and non-domesticated Penaeus monodon broodstock. The first 90-day experiment was randomly arranged with three repetitions in six earthen ponds (1,500–2,000 m2). Experimental shrimp (PL12) were stocked at a density of 20 ind. m−2. The second experiment was randomly designed with three repetitions in six composite tanks (6.0 m3). PL15 of experimental shrimp were cultured at a density of 30 ind. m−2 for 120 days. Grobest pellet feed (40 % protein) was used in both experiments. At experiment termination, the mean weight (26.09 g) and length (15.68 cm) under pond culture, as well as respective values of 15.57 g, and 13.21 cm under tank culture, for D-shrimp were significantly higher than those of W-shrimp (p&lt;0.05). Similarly, the survival rate (84.33 %), FCR (0.98), and yield (3,558 kg ha−1) under pond culture, as well as the survival rate (87.59 %) and yield (470 g m−3) under tank culture, of D-shrimp were significantly better than those of W-shrimp (p&lt;0.05). These results prove that the grow-out culture of shrimp postlarvae from domesticated broodstocks resulted in superior performance to those from wild broodstocks.

Growth Enhancing Effects of Squid By-Product Hydrolysate in Plant Protein-Based Diet Fed to Black Tiger Shrimp, Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798

The present study evaluated the potential of squid by-product hydrolysate as fishmeal replacement in the plant-based diet of juvenile black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798. Five experimental plant protein-based diets were formulated containing squid by-product hydrolysate to replace fishmeal at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 %. These experimental diets were fed to triplicate groups of P. monodon for 8 weeks. Results revealed that 25 % fishmeal replacement with squid by-product hydrolysate resulted in growth enhancement, attributable to increased feed intake and gut lactic acid bacteria proliferation. The shrimp fed with 100 % replacement level exhibited a similar growth response with the control group. Protein retention was not affected by the fishmeal replacement levels, but lipid retention was found higher in all treatments with squid by-product hydrolysate than the control. Digestive protease activity decreased with increasing levels of hydrolysate while α-amylase and lipase activities were not affected. Hepatopancreas histology showed thatB-cells dominated the control group while R-cells proliferated with increasing inclusion of dietary squid by-product hydrolysate. These results collectively indicate that fishmeal could be totally replaced with squid by-product hydrolysate and 25 % fishmeal replacement could promote the growth of juvenile P. monodon.

Effect of Mangrove Cover on Shrimp Yield in Integrated Mangrove-Shrimp Farming

In recent decades, mangroves have been seriously devastated by shrimp farming development in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. As a result, integrated mangrove-shrimp farming has emerged as a potential solution to culture shrimps and protect mangroves. The present study aims to understand whether mangrove-to-pond cover ratios influence shrimp yields in an integrated mangrove-shrimp farming system. Five integrated mangrove-shrimp ponds in the Tam Giang Commune, Nam Can District, Ca Mau Province (Southern Vietnam) were chosen for this study. The study estimated that the mangrove-to-pond cover ratios ranged from 42.00 % to 72.50 %. The total shrimp yield per year (kg.ha-1 yr-1 ) was generally high, ranging from 76.62 to 249.09 (including 37.93 to 108.64 for the black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798), and 38.69 to 140.45 for other shrimps, namely Penaeus indicus Milne Edwards, 1837, Penaeus merguiensis de Man, 1888, Metapenaeus ensis (De Haan, 1844), and Metapenaeus lysianassa (de Man, 1888)). Moreover, a strong positive correlation between the mangrove-to-pond cover ratios and the shrimp yields were observed (r &gt; 0.71, P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion the mangrove-to-pond cover ratios have a direct impact on the total shrimp yield. The mangrove-to-pond cover ratios should be 50 % to enhance shrimp yields in this system.

Growth and survival of transfection and non-transfection tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fabricius) broodstock candidate in pond cultivation

Tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fab.) is one of important commercial species in Indonesia. Low quality of shrimp fry due to the lack of good quality broodstock availability is shrimp cultivation problem that need to be solved. The study was aimed to evaluate growth and survival rate of broodstock candidate of transfection and non-transfection tiger shrimp. The study was conducted using four ponds with 2000 m2 in size in Takalar Regency. South Sulawesi. The treatment were A = transfection tiger shrimp broodstock candidate and B = non-transfection tiger shrimp broodstock candidate. Approximately 19.0-21.9 g/ind of shrimp were reared in 60 days in 0.25 individu/m2 (500 individu/2000 m2) stocking density. Commercial pelleted feed which content 38% of protein was fed three times a day in 5-3% of body weight dosage. Measured variables were growth performance, size distribution and survival rate. The result showed that shrimp growth were no significantly different (P>0.05), while survival rate and size distribution were significantly different (P<0.05). The dominant size of transfection shrimp was 41-50 g/ind. Whereas, non-transfection shrimp was dominated by 31-40 g/ind in size (48.39%). Survival rate of tiger shrimp broodstock candidate in this study ranged from 30.80 to 64.10%.

The Ecological Studies of Shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 (Penaeidae) in The Segara Anakan Lagoon (SAL), Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of environmental variables by combining information about the immigration of juveniles during one year. The study of population structure, growth, and morphometric relationships of Penaeus monodon Fabricius in 1798 was carried out in four zones of the Segara Anakan Lagoon (SAL(Zone I (mesotrophic/in two main rivers Cibereum and Citanduy): Zone II (eutroph/in the northeastern part of the lagoon): Zone III(eutroph/in the south-eastern part of the lagoon): Zone IV (mesotrophic/near the western channel) for one year (December 2016 - January 2017). The average carapace length (CL) during the rainy season was 36.35 mm in October and 28.61 mm in December, reflecting changes in shrimp size in the population. The morphological relationship, in terms of total length (TL, mm) and carapace length (CL, mm) of male and female shrimps were significantly correlated with TL = 15,825 + 3,225 CL (r = 0,960) and TL = 25,462 + 2,897 CL (r = 0,978), each. The allometric equations for carapace length (CL mm) and weight (W, g) are Wmale = 10-3 2.834 CL2.528, and Wfemale = 10-3 1.520 CL2, The local distribution of the shrimps suggested that the SAL represent an important nursery ground in its life history.

How Much Do Farmers Expect to Implement for Traceability? Evidence From a Double-Bound Choices Experiment of Vietnamese Shrimp Aquaculture

Traceability is considered the most important requirement for shrimp products exported to global markets. However, implementing traceability in shrimp-exporting countries is challenging because of limited production at the local supply chain and lack of financial welfare awareness. This study aims to investigate the expected farm-gate price for traceability implementation using a double-bound dichotomous choice experiment. The censored regression model is used to estimate the factors influencing the anticipated farm-gate price of shrimp farmers. The survey was conducted in Ca Mau Province, Vietnam, by interviewing 71 Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798, and 43 Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931, farmers. To implement traceability, P. monodon farmers estimated the farm-gate price at 10.17 USD.kg-1 , while P. vannamei farmers expected 6.18 USD.kg-1 . Application of international quality assurance certifications, willingness to implement traceability, land used, culture methods, shrimp species, current farm-gate price, and variable costs affected the expected farm-gate price. The attractive anticipated farm-gate price compensated for the negative influence of applying international quality assurance certifications, indicating that the farmers were willing to implement traceability. This suggests that the application of certifications increased the ability to implement traceability in the shrimp supply chain. The attractive farm-gate price for certified shrimp products would enhance their willingness to implement the traceability of shrimp products.

Verification of a pseudocryptic species in the commercially important tiger prawnPenaeus monodonFabricius, 1798 (Decapoda: Penaeidae) from Aceh Province, Indonesia

AbstractA pseudocryptic form of the commercially important prawn Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 from Aceh Province, Indonesia was recently named Penaeus acehensis Sektiana, Tahang, Andriyono, Alam &amp; Kim, 2018 based solely on coloration, number of rostral teeth, and unspecified mitochondrial genome sequence differences from P. monodon and other species of Penaeus sensu lato. Penaeus acehensis, however, is unavailable on account of not fulfilling the numerous provisions of Articles 8 and 16 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Comparisons between the Aceh form and an extensive series of P. monodon from various Indo-West Pacific localities revealed that the former is morphologically distinct in having a relatively longer rostrum, shorter adrostral carina, and longer hepatic carina. Barcoding genetic analysis also supports the specific status of the Aceh form. By examining the types or topotypic material of all the synonyms in P. monodon, and selecting a lectotype for Penaeus caeruleus Stebbing, 1905 and neotypes for P. Manilensis de Procé, 1822 and P. durbani Stebbing, 1917, no available name is applicable to the Aceh species, which is named. The Aceh species is hereby named Penaeus simplex sp. nov. for its body lacking a banded color pattern, which is very characteristic compared to the closely related species, P. monodon.

Diversity of Vibrio Species’ and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Black Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 Cultured in South-West Region of Bangladesh

Diversity of Vibrio Species’ and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Black Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 Cultured in South-West Region of Bangladesh

A new record of a tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 breeding female in the coast of Campeche, Mexico

The tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon is native to the Indo-West Pacific Ocean, covering the east coast of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Southeast Asia, Taiwan, China, the Sea of Japan, New Guinea and Australia. A new report was recorded on the capture in the wild of a female tiger shrimp P. monodon in conditions of reproductive maturity on the coast of Campeche in the Gulf of Mexico. The specimen was captured by a trawler operating near the coast of Campeche, in front of Carmen Island. The specimen was identified using dichotomous keys, additionally corroborated with analysis of the sequence of a fragment of 650 base pairs (bp) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI), and compared with the sequence of P. monodon reported in GenBank. The specimen was deposited in the National Collection of Crustaceans of the Institute of Biology of the UNAM. Histological analysis of the gonads revealed that the organism was in a reproductive condition as ovaries contained oocytes in an advanced development state. The molecular data (sequenced fragments F and R) were identical with the COI sequence of P. monodon deposited in GenBank, thus confirming the presence of P. monodon from the coasts of Isla del Carmen, Campeche.