Penaeus Brasiliensis Research Articles

Differences in feeding ecology of the pink shrimps Penaeus brasiliensis and P. paulensis (Decapoda: Penaeidae) in Brazilian tropical ecosystems

Differences in feeding ecology of the pink shrimps Penaeus brasiliensis and P. paulensis (Decapoda: Penaeidae) in Brazilian tropical ecosystems

Titanium in commercial shrimp from anthropized tropical bays and estimated quantities of TiO2

Titanium (Ti) is a metal with low toxicity in organisms; however, Ti in the form of TiO2 nanoparticles is a contaminant of emerging concern. This study determined the concentration of total Ti in the muscle of pink shrimp (Penaeus brasiliensis and P. paulensis) from two anthropized tropical bays (Guanabara and Sepetiba Bays, southeast Brazil) and presented the first estimates of TiO2 in shrimp. Differences in the total Ti concentration were associated with fishing site and season, showing a spatial-temporal trend. The level of anthropization per se did not explain the metal concentration. Both trophic position (δ15N) and trophic habitat (δ13C) of shrimp had negligible influence on the metal concentration. We suggest that Ti point sources into Sepetiba Bay and/or differences regarding fishing sites inside the bays are possible explanations for the results. The estimates of TiO2 in shrimps based on the total Ti concentration are baseline values for future monitoring. Since shrimps are targets of commercial fisheries, monitoring the Ti concentration is a public health interest.

Trophic assessment and isotopic niches of the sympatric penaeids species Penaeus brasiliensis and P. paulensis in SW Atlantic estuarine systems

ABSTRACT Penaeus brasiliensis and P. paulensis are shrimp species which overlap their distribution only in the Southwest Atlantic. In addition, they are fishery resources intensively exploited. The interactions between these two sympatric species, especially sharing of food resources, are still unknown. We have investigated the niche breadth of juvenile pink shrimps in two proximal coastal nurseries (Sepetiba and Guanabara bays) located in Southeast Brazil (∼23°W) by means of stable isotopes and stomach content analyses. These two bays are important nurseries for these species and are located in one of the most populous regions of Brazil. Diets were basically composed of benthic invertebrates (mollusks, crustaceans and polychaetes), particulate organic matter and benthic diatoms. We detected significant spatial differences in isotopic compositions (δ13C and δ15N), with pink shrimps from Guanabara Bay displaying the lowest values of both isotopes. The δ13C range and diet support that benthic microalgae are the primary producers in P. brasiliensis and P. paulensis food chains. Trophic diversity was higher in Guanabara Bay based on δ15N range, Standard Ellipse Area, and Centroid Distance metrics, displaying greater individual variability in isotopic signatures compared to Sepetiba Bay, probably due to enhanced food diversity and spatial heterogeneity in the former. The overlap in the ellipses areas between the two shrimp species was greater in Sepetiba Bay and indicates a greater sharing of resources that should be more abundant and available. Niche metrics analysis revealed greater spatial rather than interspecific differences. We advocate paying particular attention to monitoring the pink shrimps of Sepetiba Bay due to their smaller trophic niche width and lower δ15N range, which increases their sensitivity to changing habitat, mainly due to human actions.

Understanding what is what in marine shrimp fisheries

Abstract Shrimps are the main fishery resource in marine waters off Sergipe (northeastern Brazil), where they are landed in three categories: ‘espigao’, ‘escolha’ and ‘pistola’. The objective of this study was to identify which species are landed in each category, relating to the perception of stakeholders, and to analyze their effect on the interpretation of historical catch statistics. Samples of 3kg were collected monthly for each category before landing in Aracaju (May/2015-May/2016) to identify the shrimp species caught. All specimens were identified, measured (carapace length - mm) and weighed (total weight - g), and had their sex determined. We interviewed attendees of two meetings promoted by the Programa de Monitoramento Participativo do Desembarque Pesqueiro in Aracaju and Pirambu, the two main ports where shrimp catches are landed in Sergipe, and asked for their perception of shrimp species included in each category. Finally, we used all shrimp catch data available for Sergipe in a national reconstructed database to improve the reconstruction based on the species composition estimated here for the main shrimp species. The analysis of each category indicated the presence of commercially important species (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, Penaeus subtilis, Penaeus brasiliensis, and Penaeus schmitti), and also species of no local commercial interest: Exhippolysmata oplophoroides, Nematopalaemon schmitti, Rimapenaeus constrictus, and Sicyonia dorsalis. The category ‘espigao’ was dominated by X. kroyeri (94.2%) and ‘escolha’ by P. subtilis (95.3%). ‘pistola’ was mostly P. subtilis (78.3%), almost all of them females, followed by P. schmitti (12.3%). The perception of stakeholders was correct for ‘espigao’ and ‘escolha’, but not for ‘pistola’, as 38% of the respondents classified it as ‘camarao-branco’ (P. schmitti). The mean carapace length for all species together was: 18.90mm (‘espigao’), 22.34mm (‘escolha’), and 30.96mm (‘pistola’). Decreasing catches of X. kroyeri, P. subtilis and P. schmitti in the last years raise concern.

<b>Centesimal composition, fatty acids profile and the nutritional quality index of four seafood species from the southern region of Brazil

The objective of this study was to evaluate the centesimal composition, fatty acid profile and the nutritional quality index of four seafood species: pink shrimp ( Penaeus brasiliensis ), Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ), mussel ( Perna perna ) and octopus ( Octopus vulgaris ), that were collected in Santa Catarina, Brazil. The nutritional quality of the lipid fraction was evaluated by the index of thrombogenicity (IT), index of atherogenicity (IA) and the hypocholesterolaemic fatty acids-to-hypercholesterolaemic fatty acids ratio (h/H). All the studied species presented a high protein content (12.88-21.61%) and a low amount of total lipid (0.26-4.07%). The pink shrimp had the most protein and octopus contained the least total lipid. Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were detected in all samples, presenting the highest values in mussel (204.62 and 123.57 mg 100 g -1 , respectively). The analysed species presented low IT and IA values and an h/H ratio around 2 or higher, and therefore, they are considered potentially healthy foods. Moreover, the shrimp species can be classified as a source of omega-3s, while the mussels can be categorised as having a high content in these polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Presence of Infectious Hypodermal and Haematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) in Native Shrimps from Southern Mexico

A survey for Infectious Hypodermal and Haematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) and White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) was performed during two catching seasons of native shrimps in the Yucatan Coast in the Gulf of Mexico. The mtDNA COI barcode identified two endemic species; the southern pink shrimp Penaeus notialis (Pérez Fantante, 1967) and the northern pink shrimp Penaeus brasiliensis (Latreille, 1987) (previously described as Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis). The prevalence of IHHNV was of 18.18% in 2016, and of 8.57% in 2017. All organisms tested negative for WSSV. This is the first identification of wild shrimps in the state of Yucatan Mexico by mtDNA COI barcode as well as the first identification of IHHNV in such species. The presence of IHHNV in wild shrimps populations has a potential of persisting in the coast of Yucatan with putative detrimental effect on local fisheries because once established in natural waters and hosts; such pathogens are almost impossible to eradicate.

Evidence of anti-obesity and mixed hypolipidemic effects of extracts from pink shrimp (Penaeus brasiliensis and Penaeus paulensis) processing residue

This work aimed to estimate indications of anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects of the extracts obtained from pink shrimp residue. The extracts were obtained by Soxhlet extraction with ethanol and by supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide. The fatty acid composition and the total phenolic content of the shrimp residue extracts were determined by gas chromatography and Folin–Ciocalteau methods, respectively. The anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects were evaluated in vivo submitting the Swiss Mus musculus normal and knockout mice to a 30-day high-fat diet combined with shrimp extracts, monitoring the animals’ weight, and the final cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose levels. The extracts showed high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and significant total phenolic content. Related to the anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects, the extracts showed good activity potential, especially the supercritical extract when applied at 50–100mg/kgday. The considerable weight reduction observed by the extracts administration was probably not related to the absorption of the lipid components since none significant tendency of glucose reduction was detected.

Assessment of cadmium and lead in commercially important seafood from São Francisco do Conde, Bahia, Brazil

In the municipality of São Francisco do Conde, located in Todos os Santos Bay, Brazil, there is a high risk of environmental cadmium and lead contamination produced by industrial sources. In this work, a determination of cadmium and lead contamination in fish (Centropomus undecimalis and Mugil brasiliensis), mussels (Mytella guyanensis) and shrimp (Penaeus brasiliensis) is reported. Forty-seven samples collected from the villages of São Bento, Muribeca and Pati Island were analyzed for their trace metal levels using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). Cadmium and lead contents detected in the samples were found to range from 0.01 to 1.04 mg kg−1 and from 0.10 to 5.40 mg kg−1, respectively. Brazilian legislation establishes legal limits for cadmium and lead in fish meat of 1.0 mg kg−1 and 2.0 mg kg−1, respectively. The measured levels of cadmium in most of the mussel samples were within legal limits (1.04 mg kg−1). However, the measured lead contents of some samples of mussel (2.20–5.40 mg kg−1) and shrimp (2.20–3.40 mg kg−1) were found to be above the legal limit. The results demonstrate that the tendency to bioaccumulate trace elements in shellfish and mollusks is greater than that observed in fish.

Unique heparan sulfate from shrimp heads exhibits a strong inhibitory effect on infections by dengue virus and Japanese encephalitis virus

The structure and biological activities of a highly sulfated heparan sulfate (HS) extracted from shrimp ( Penaeus brasiliensis) heads were characterized. Structurally the shrimp HS was more heterogenous than heparin, although it is still highly sulfated. The molecular mass of the shrimp HS preparation was determined to be 32.3 kDa by gel filtration HPLC. Analysis by surface plasmon resonance demonstrated that various growth/differentiation factors specifically bound to the shrimp HS with comparable affinity. Notably, the shrimp HS had a greater inhibitory effect against infections by dengue virus type 2 as well as Japanese encephalitis virus than heparin. Experiments on anticoagulant activity indicated that the shrimp HS exhibited significant anti-thrombin activity, but less than the commercial heparin. Hence, the HS preparation from shrimp heads, an industrial waste, is a prospective agent for a variety of clinical applications.

Avaliação da qualidade nutricional em espécies de pescado mais produzidas no Estado da Bahia

Diversos fatores podem contribuir para a variabilidade na composição das diferentes espécies de pescado. Este trabalho teve como objetivo, identificar as espécies de pescado mais produzidas no Estado da Bahia, avaliar seu valor nutricional e realizar um levantamento das empresas beneficiadoras de pescado do Estado. Um questionário foi aplicado às beneficiadoras de pescado para a caracterização das empresas. Segundo a Bahia Pesca (2005), as espécies mais produzidas são: o camarão-rosa (Penaeus brasiliensis), representando 21,8% da produção estadual; a sardinha (Opisthonema oglinum), 10,2%; os vermelhos com as espécies guaiúba (Ocyurus chrysurus) e o ariacó (Lutjanus synagris), 6,6%; seguidos pela tainha (Mugil spp.), 4,1%. De acordo com o valor nutricional das espécies analisadas, a guaiúba foi considerada melhor para o consumo, por possuir menor teor de lipídios totais (0,82%) e gordura saturada (28,74%). A produção de 43% das beneficiadoras de pescado do Estado da Bahia está entre 10 e 50 ton/mês e a principal dificuldade apresentada foi a falta de investimento do governo no setor.

Seasonal variation of ectosymbiotic ciliates on farmed and wild shrimps from coastal Yucatan, Mexico

High levels of ciliate infestation can affect respiration, feed intake, and locomotion in farmed shrimps in the tropics. Information on seasonal variation of the infestation parameters of ciliates is scarce, but it would be useful for determining the suitability of preventive measures or therapeutic treatment if necessary. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and mean intensity of infestation (MII) of ciliates on wild native shrimps Penaeus ( Farfantepenaeus) brasiliensis and P. ( Farfantepenaeus) duorarum and farm-cultured juvenile shrimp Penaeus ( Litopenaeus) vannamei over an annual cycle and to determine whether an association existed among physicochemical factors and infestation on cultured shrimp. The ectosymbiotic ciliates Acineta tuberosa, Epistylis sp., and Zoothamnium sp . infested both farmed and wild shrimps. Based on examination of 360 farmed specimens of P. vannamei (30 examined each month), the species with highest infestation were Epistylis sp., (prevalence range = 22–100%; MII range = 13 ± 28–126 ± 124) and Zoothamnium sp. (0–87%; 0–144 ± 132). For both species, the highest values occurred during the rainy season. A total of 288 wild specimens of P. brasiliensis plus 120 of P. duorarum obtained during three recognized seasons—dry (February to May), rainy (June to September), and north-wind (October to January)—had ciliate infestations that were significantly lower than those from farmed shrimp. For P. brasiliensis, the ciliate species with the highest infestation values were Zoothamnium sp. (0–66%; 0.03 ± 0.2–66 ± 92), while on P. duorarum, were for Epistylis sp. (0–46%; 0–8 ± 16). Using multiple linear regression, we found significant relationships between stocking density, survival, temperature, turbidity and intensity of infestation of the ciliates. However, the regression only accounted for 11–26% of the variance ( R 2), meaning that there are still other environmental and biological variables that should be included to increase the reliability of the model. Thus, the physicochemical conditions of the farm increase the probability of ciliate transmission, especially during the rainy season.

Efeito do processamento sobre os níveis de colesterol e 7-cetocolesterol em camarão-rosa

A oxidacao do colesterol leva a formacao de oxidos biologicamente ativos, capazes de desencadear processos citotoxicos, aterogenicos, mutagenicos e cancerigenos. Durante o processamento, os alimentos sao expostos, alem do calor, ao oxigenio e a outros fatores desencadeadores da oxidacao lipidica, inclusive do colesterol. Os crustaceos, alem de possuirem niveis elevados de colesterol, apresentam em sua fracao lipidica acidos graxos com alto grau de insaturacao, o que favorece a oxidacao do referido esterol. O 7-cetocolesterol tem sido utilizado como indicador da oxidacao do colesterol, por ser o oxido formado nos estagios iniciais e em maior quantidade que os demais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do cozimento e da fritura sobre a oxidacao do colesterol em camarao-rosa (Penaeus brasiliensis e Penaeus paulensis). O processamento do camarao-rosa, de um modo geral, levou a diminuicao das concentracoes de colesterol e 7-cetocolesterol livres. A reducao observada foi bem maior na fritura do que no cozimento, e mais acentuada para o 7-cetocolesterol. Enquanto os niveis de colesterol foram 10,7 e 24,7% menores, a diminuicao do 7-cetocolesterol atingiu 41,5 e 61% no camarao cozido e frito, respectivamente, em relacao ao controle. A reducao de colesterol e 7-cetocolesterol livres em camarao-rosa processado foi relacionada com a eluicao destes compostos nos meios de processamento, agua de cozimento e oleo de fritura.

COMPOSIÇÃO CENTESIMAL E DE MINERAIS DE MARISCOS CRUS E COZIDOS DA CIDADE DE NATAL/RN

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a composição centesimal e os teores de zinco, cobre e ferro de cinco tipos de mariscos crus e cozidos: Camarão (Penaeus brasiliensis), Caranguejo (Ucides cordatus), Lagosta (Panulirus argus), Ostra (Crassostrea rhizophorae) e Mexilhão (Anomalocardia brasiliana), crus e cozidos, provenientes da cidade de Natal/RN. As amostras da parte comestível de cada alimento foram adquiridas em peixaria do cais do porto. Os mariscos foram considerados fontes expressivas de proteínas e minerais, enquanto as quantidades de lipídeos e calorias foram baixas. Observou-se na maioria das amostras teores de proteínas e de cinzas aumentados após a cocção. A concentração de zinco foi variada, apresentando-se a ostra como a maior fonte dentre as espécies estudadas. Os maiores teores de ferro e cobre foram verificados no mexilhão e na ostra. A cocção provocou perdas de 50% de cobre no mexilhão e praticamente não alterou as concentrações do referido nutriente no caranguejo. Esperamos que estes resultados contribuam para bancos de dados que auxiliarão na melhor estimativa de consumo de nutrientes em inquéritos dietéticos.

Total Lipid, Cholesterol, and Fatty Acids of Farmed Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and Wild Marine Shrimp (Penaeus brasiliensis, Penaeus schimitti, Xiphopenaeus kroyeri)

Total lipid, cholesterol, and fatty acids were determined in freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and in wild marine shrimp (Penaeus brasiliensis, Penaeus schimitti, Xiphopenaeus kroyeri). The concentration of total lipid was 0.9–1.0 g/100 g in the marine species and 1.1 g/100 g in freshwater M. rosenbergii. No significant difference was observed in terms of origin of samples and size. Cholesterol levels ranged from 114 in Penaeus brasiliensis to 139 mg/100 g in M. rosenbergii. Size had a significant influence in P. brasiliensis but not in P. schimitti. Shrimp (same species and size) from two states did not differ significantly. The principal fatty acids in the marine shrimp were C16:0, C20:5n-3, C22:6n-3, C18:1n-9, C18:0, 16:1n-7, 20:4n-6, and 18:1n-7. In the freshwater prawn M. rosenbergii, the major fatty acids were C16:0, C20:5n-3, C18:1n-9, C18:0, C22:6n-3, C18:2n-6, C17:0, and C18:1n-7. Quantitatively, M. rosenbergii differed markedly from the other species, followed by Xiphopenaeus kroyeri. In general, origin of samples and size did not have a significant influence.

Oceanographic Characteristics of a Multi‐Specific Fishing Ground of the Central South Brazil Bight

In the Central South Brazil Bight, a multispecific demersal trawl fishery is conducted by trawlers licensed for the industrial pink shrimp (Penaeus paulensis and Penaeus brasiliensis) fishery. In addition to the pink shrimp, many by‐catch species have become increasingly valued in the last two decades. In spite of the importance of this multispecific fishery, the oceanographic characteristics of the inner continental shelf, onshore the 100 m isobath, are poorly known. In this paper we present, for the fist time, monthly oceanographic records taken from December 1995 to May 1997 with the R/V ‘Diadorim’ at two of the main fishing grounds of this region. Water temperature data showed the formation of a strong thermocline during summer, from November to April. This thermal gradient, due to the South Atlantic central water (SACW) intrusion that reaches these shallow waters, disappeared with the homogenization of the water column during autumn and winter, from May to September. This cold and low salinity water does not originate from local river discharges, but also represents an advection of sub‐Antartic water mass. After this and during spring, a new thermocline develops, reaching its maximal expression from February to March. A maximal gradient was registered in February 1997, when the temperature dropped from 26°C at 7 m to 16°C at 14 m depth. This result shows that the SACW intrusion is a large‐scale phenomenon that regularly influences the whole inner continental shelf up to 20 m. Demersal fishing grounds located in this area were covered during summer by a cold and nutrient‐rich mass of water that resulted in an unusual maximum of chlorophyll a values near the bottom (30 m). The homogenization of the water column and the presence of another cold water mass during winter resulted in a strong semi‐annual thermal cycle on the bottom. The role of this important oceanographic process in fishery production and dynamics deserves further investigation, but the data presented here show evidence for the importance of this phenomenon.

Structural features and anticoagulant activities of a novel natural low molecular weight heparin from the shrimp Penaeus brasiliensis

A natural low molecular weight heparin (8.5 kDa), with an anticoagulant activity of 95 IU/mg by the USP assay, was isolated from the shrimp Penaeus brasiliensis. The crustacean heparin was susceptible to both heparinase and heparitinase II from Flavobacterium heparinum forming tri- and di-sulfated disaccharides as the mammalian heparins. 13C and 1H NMR spectroscopy revealed that the shrimp heparin was enriched in both glucuronic and non-sulfated iduronic acid residues. The in vitro anticlotting activities in different steps of the coagulation cascade have shown that its anticoagulant action is mainly exerted through the inhibition of factor Xa and heparin cofactor II-mediated inhibition of thrombin. The shrimp heparin has also a potent in vivo antithrombotic activity comparable to the mammalian low molecular weight heparins.

Stages of Gonadal Development in the Spotted Pink Shrimp Penaeus brasiliensis

Stages of Gonadal Development in the Spotted Pink Shrimp Penaeus brasiliensis

Otimização da determinação de colesterol por clae e teores de colesterol, lipídios totais e ácidos graxos em camarão rosa (Penaeus brasiliensis)

A produção de camarões no Brasil é expressiva com condições propícias para expansão. Apesar de ser bem apreciado em termos culinários e ser uma fonte rica de proteínas, o camarão é apontado como um alimento de alto conteúdo de colesterol. Considerando que o nível de colesterol sangüíneo humano é dependente não só do teor de colesterol, mas também da quantidade de gordura e do tipo de ácidos graxos na dieta, um estudo integrado destes três constituintes foi realizado em camarão rosa (Penaeus brasiliensis), tamanho médio proveniente de São Paulo. A extração e a determinação do teor de lipídios totais foram realizadas de acordo com método de Folch, Less & Stanley. O método para determinação de colesterol por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, com coluna C18 e detector por conjunto de diodos, foi estabelecido no nosso laboratório. Este método mostrou-se eficiente, rápido e simples. A composição de ácidos graxos foi obtida por cromatografia gasosa com coluna capilar de sílica fundida com DB-WAX. Os teores de colesterol e lipídios totais para camarão rosa médio foram 127 ± 9mg/100 g e 1,0 ± 0,1 g/100 g, respectivamente. Foram detectados oitenta e sete ácidos graxos, sendo 20:5w3 (EPA), 16:0, 22:6w3 (DHA), 18:0, 18:1w9, 16:1w7, 20:4w6 e 18:1w7 os principais. O teor de colesterol encontrado no camarão analisado é alto. Por outro lado, o teor de gordura é baixo e os níveis de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados, especialmente EPA e DHA, são altos.

Seasonal variation of iron, copper and zinc in Penaeus brasiliensis from two areas of the Caribbean Sea

The levels of iron, copper and zinc and their seasonal variation among shrimps of the genus Penaeus, from two areas of the Caribbean Sea of northeastern Venezuela are reported. The shrimps studied were between 10 and 26 cm in length. Significant seasonal variations in the concentrations of copper and iron were observed among shrimps of both sexes, while that of zinc remained virtually unchanged throughout the year. The concentration of iron was very different between the areas.

Observations on the courtship of Penaeus brasiliensis

Adult wild pink shrimp were captured for spawning; unripe and spent ones were kept at the laboratory for further studies. Fortuitously, we observed the courtship of Penaeus brasiliensis, although mating was not accomplished. We discuss the possible influence on reproduction of the excessive size difference between partners.