Pelvic Thrusting Research Articles

Mechanical environment influences muscle activity during infant rolling

An infant's musculoskeletal and motor development is largely affected by their environment. Understanding how different mechanical environments affect an infant's movements and muscle use is necessary to inform the juvenile products industry and reduce incidents involving inclined nursery products each year. The purpose of this study was to determine how the coordinated movements and corresponding muscle activation patterns are affected by different mechanical environments, specifically the back incline angle. Thirty-eight healthy infants (age: 6.5 ± 0.7 months; 23 M/15 F) were enrolled in this IRB-approved in-vivo biomechanics study. Surface electromyography sensors recorded muscle activity of the erector spinae, abdominal muscles, quadriceps, and hamstrings while infants rolled in five different mechanical environments: a flat surface and four device configurations representing a range of inclines infants are commonly exposed to. Coordinated movements were determined using video. In all configurations featuring an inclined seatback angle, infants experienced significantly higher erector spinae muscle activation and significantly lower abdominal muscle activation compared to the flat surface. Infants also exhibited a different coordinated movement featuring spinal extension and a pelvic thrust in the inclined device configurations that was not previously observed on the flat surface alone. Understanding how infants coordinate their movements and use their muscles during rolling in different inclined environments provides more insight into motor development and may inform the juvenile products industry. Many factors impact an infant's movements, therefore future work should explore how other environmental interactions influence an infant's movements and muscle activation, particularly for rolling.

Examining postmounting grooming in male golden snub-nosed monkeys to investigate the functions of same-sex mounts.

Same-sex mounting behavior has been documented across primate species and several biological functions, that are often difficult to differentiate, have been proposed. Postmounting affiliative behaviors (e.g., embracing and grooming) have been partly overlooked and their performance may more clearly reveal the function of same-sex mounts for different age-sex classes. Here, considering postmounting grooming behaviors (PMG), we tested the affiliation hypothesis for same-sex mounts in an all-male unit (AMU) of captive golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) (n = 7-8) and the needing to learn hypothesis in the juveniles of the AMU (n = 4) and the juvenile male from the neighboring one-male unit in Shanghai Wild Animal Park, China from November 2014 to June 2015. A total of 1986 same-sex mounts were recorded from the AMU individuals and the juvenile of the neighboring one-male unit. We found that neither dyadic proximity-based association nor grooming-based affiliation predicted the occurrence of mounts in the AMU, and PMG was more likely to occur in nontense than tense social contexts, providing no support for the affiliation hypothesis. Although dyadic grooming-based affiliation predicted the occurrence of PMG, it exerted no influence on the occurrence of mounts, which was necessary to support the hypothesis. However, consistent with the needing to learn hypothesis, from ages two to four, juveniles' mounting duration increased and they performed pelvic thrusting during mounting more and more often as they grew older. Reciprocated series mounts were much more common among juveniles than other mounting dyads, providing learning opportunities for both participants. The mounter was more likely to groom the mountee at the end of a mount among juveniles than other mounting dyads, suggesting that juvenile mounters may profit from mounting and groom mountees in return for providing them with opportunities to learn copulatory skills. A hypothesis that merits further investigation.

Do the EEG and behavioral criteria of NREM arousal disorders apply to sexsomnia?

To establish whether the recent EEG and behavioral criteria of arousal disorders apply to sexsomnia. EEG and behavioral markers upon N3 sleep interruptions in videopolysomnography were retrospectively compared in 24 participants with sexsomnia, 41 participants with arousals disorders, and 40 healthy controls. The specificity and sensitivity of previously suggested EEG and behavioral cutoffs for supporting arousal disorders diagnosis were measured in the sexsomnia vs. control groups. Participants with sexsomnia and arousals disorders showed a higher N3 fragmentation index, slow/mixed N3 arousal index, and number of eye openings during N3 interruptions than healthy controls. Ten (41.7%) participants with sexsomnia (vs. one sleepwalker and no control) displayed an apparently sexual behavior (masturbation, sexual vocalization, pelvic thrusting, and hand within the pajama) during N3 arousal. An N3 sleep fragmentation index ≥6.8/h of N3 sleep and two or more N3 arousals associated with eye opening was 95% specific but poorly (46% and 42%) sensitive for diagnosing sexsomnia. An index of slow/mixed N3 arousals ≥2.5/h of N3 sleep was 73% specific and 67% sensitive. An N3 arousal with trunk raising, sitting, speaking, showing an expression of fear/surprise, shouting, or exhibiting sexual behavior was 100% specific for a diagnosis of sexsomnia. In patients with sexsomnia, videopolysomnography based markers of arousal disorders are intermediate between healthy individuals and patients with other arousal disorders, supporting the concept of sexsomnia as a specialized, but less neurophysiologically severe, NREM parasomnia. Previously validated criteria for arousal disorders partially fit in patients with sexsomnia.

Sperm Competition Risk: The Connections That Partner Attractiveness and Infidelity Risk Have with Mate Retention Behaviors and Semen-Displacing Behaviors.

The present studies investigated the relationships between men's perceived risk of experiencing sperm competition (i.e., when the ejaculates of two or more men simultaneously occupy the reproductive tract of a single woman), and their use of strategies to detect, prevent, and correct their partner's sexual infidelity. We investigated these associations using self-reports provided by men (Study 1, n = 113), partner-reports provided by women (Study 2, n = 136), and dyadic reports (Study 3, n = 103 couples). The results of these studies indicated that the attractiveness of women was consistently associated with men's use of benefit-provisioning mate retention behaviors (e.g., buying expensive gifts for one's partner, showing signs of physical affection) and semen-displacing behaviors (e.g., deeper copulatory thrusting, more thrusts during copulation), whereas the infidelity risk of women was often associated with men's use of cost-inflicting mate retention behaviors (e.g., threatening to end the relationship, monopolization of partner's free time). Discussion addresses the evolutionary implications of these results, including the possibility that men use both benefit-provisioning mate retention behaviors and semen-displacing behaviors when they perceive their partner to be more attractive, ostensibly as a way to mitigate their risk of sperm competition. Discussion also explores the extent to which these results extend those of previous studies concerning sperm competition risk.

Correlation of White Blood Cells Level in Semen with Endometritis in Subfertile Couples

Introduction
 Over the past decades, infertility has become a serious health problem worldwide and until nowadays numerous studies have shown it can be a negative prognostic factor for infertility.1 During, natural intercourse, ejaculation of seminal fluid into vagina may deposit spermatozoa, contaminants, and bacteria into the uterus by pelvic or penile thrusting and belling of the glans penis during coitus. In that case, the risk factor of infection in both women and man will happen post natural intercourse. So, the relationship between endometritis and increasing white blood cells level in sperm with infertility such as repeated implantation failure and recurrent miscarriage has recently emerged as an area of inquiry.
 Aims
 Aims this study, Correlation of endometritis that found in hysteroscopy examination and increasing white blood cell level in semen in sub fertile couples.
 Methods
 This study was conducted from 492 Infertility couple who underwent hysteroscopy from January 2021 to December 2021. The semen analysis was performed at least twice with range two weeks one from the other based on WHO guideline. Hysteroscopy was performed during endometrial proliferation phase. All data analysis performed using IBM SPSS 23.
 Results
 The result showed that mean leucocyte level range difference was significant in patient non-endometritis was 0.25 and endometritis patient was 0.66. The leucocyte number had correlation with the result of the pH level and slow progressive motility in semen specimen.
 Conclusion
 This research result showed the correlation women with resulted endometritis in hysteroscopy and white blood cell in semen specimen and had correlation with pH level and slow progressive motility in semen specimen.
 Keywords: White blood cells count in semen, endometritis, subfertil.

Original Research: TikTok's 'Dancing Nurses' During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Content Analysis.

Amid the challenges of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, health care workers are using social media to publish increasing numbers of posts, memes, and videos. On TikTok, a rapidly growing and widely used social networking platform, videos labeled "dancing nurses" have recently been trending. Whether nurses or the general public consider such videos to breach professional ethical standards is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze and describe the use of the social media platform TikTok by nurses whose videos featured dancing nurses during the ongoing pandemic. Between March 1 and December 31, 2020, we conducted a search on TikTok using terms such as dancing nurse and hashtags such as "#dancingnurse." For each identified video, the numbers of followers, views, likes, concurrent COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates, and other data were collected. For videos meeting the inclusion criteria, content analysis was performed to evaluate dancing nurse behaviors and apply the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements, ANA social networking principles, and National Council of State Boards of Nursing social media guidelines. A total of 52 videos met all inclusion criteria and were included for analysis. These videos had a mean of 1.51 million views each. Among these videos, there were 356 violations of Code of Ethics provisions, social networking principles, and social media guidelines. Forty of the videos (77%) included a choreographed dance; 24 (46%) contained twerking and three (6%) featured dance moves such as pelvic thrusts and gyrations. The findings offer insight into how nurses are using TikTok, specifically with regard to posting videos that feature dancing nurses. Some of the analyzed videos included content that could be construed, in our view, as inappropriate and even sexually suggestive. The concern is that such videos could damage the professional image of nurses and downplay the seriousness of the current pandemic. It's essential that nurses who use social media consider the content and presentation of what they post. There is an urgent need for nurses to understand professional and workplace guidelines and policies regarding the use of social media, and how these may apply to content developed and posted on platforms such as TikTok.

Prof M. Murugappan Poster Award

Background:Patients with psychogenic non epileptic seizures (PNES) tend to have more frequent and disabling seizures than those which true epilepsy and are often misdiagnosed as epilepsy due to lack of clear diagnostic criteria and variations in clinical semiology.Aims & Objectives:To understand the type of clinical manifestations seen in patients of PNES and the cultural beliefs regarding their symptoms.Material & Methods:71 patients who consented were enrolled in the study after institutional ethics committee approval. They were diagnosed by the neurologist to be having psychogenic seizures on the basis of their clinical presentation and a 2 hours VEEG recording which was normal. The details of the psychogenic seizure viz. clinical manifestation, duration of the episode, loss of consciousness, incontinence and injuries were recorded on a proforma. Patient’s history was taken in detail to understand areas of conflicts, interpersonal problems, discord or any other stressors. The cultural attributions of the patients were also recorded in open and closed ended questions.Results:Clinical manifestations included verbal unresponsiveness (74%), whole body rigidity (72%), upper limb (55%) and lower limb movements (39%), vocalisations and head movements in less than 25% and automatisms in only 6 patients. Pelvic thrusting as a manifestation was seen in only 1 patient. 38 patients attributed their symptoms to being possessed by God/ghost/evil spirit; 9 to black magic being done on them; 24 patients did not relate symptoms to religious beliefs. 62 patients had visited faith healers.Conclusions:This study is first of its kind which looks at the various clinical presentations of PNES patients in order to assess if there is any cultural basis for the symptoms.

Abstract- Poster

• Background:Patients with psychogenic non epileptic seizures (PNES) tend to have more frequent and disabling seizures than those which true epilepsy and are often misdiagnosed as epilepsy due to lack of clear diagnostic criteria and variations in clinical semiology.• Aims & Objectives:To understand the type of clinical manifestations seen in patients of PNES and the cultural beliefs regarding their symptoms.• Material & Methods:71 patients who consented were enrolled in the study after institutional ethics committee approval. They were diagnosed by the neurologist to be having psychogenic seizures on the basis of their clinical presentation and a 2 hours VEEG recording which was normal. The details of the psychogenic seizure viz. clinical manifestation, duration of the episode, loss of consciousness, incontinence and injuries were recorded on a proforma. Patient’s history was taken in detail to understand areas of conflicts, interpersonal problems, discord or any other stressors. The cultural attributions of the patients were also recorded in open and closed ended questions.• Results:Clinical manifestations included verbal unresponsiveness (74%), whole body rigidity (72%), upper limb (55%) and lower limb movements (39%), vocalisations and head movements in less than 25% and automatisms in only 6 patients. Pelvic thrusting as a manifestation was seen in only 1 patient. 38 patients attributed their symptoms to being possessed by God/ghost/evil spirit; 9 to black magic being done on them; 24 patients did not relate symptoms to religious beliefs. 62 patients had visited faith healers.Conclusions:• This study is first of its kind which looks at the various clinical presentations of PNES patients in order to assess if there is any cultural basis for the symptoms.

Clinical manifestations and cultural correlates of psychogenic nonepileptic seizure symptoms: An Indian perspective.

Patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) tend to have more frequent and disabling seizures than those which true epilepsy and are often misdiagnosed as epilepsy due to lack of clear diagnostic criteria and variations in clinical semiology. This study was an attempt to improve the understanding and type of clinical manifestations seen in patients of PNES and the cultural beliefs regarding their symptoms. In this cross-sectional observational study, 71 patients diagnosed with PNES by neurologists on the basis of their clinical presentation and a two hours normal VEEG recording were enrolled in the study after ethics approval. The clinical manifestations of PNES were recorded in detail along with details of various cultural attributions of the patients to the symptoms which were recorded in open- and closed-ended questions. Clinical manifestations included verbal unresponsiveness (74%), whole body rigidity (72%), upper limb (55%) and lower limb movements (39%), vocalizations and head movements in less than 25%, and automatisms in only 6 patients. Pelvic thrusting as a manifestation was seen in only one patient. Thirty-eight patients attributed their symptoms to being possessed by God/ghost/evil spirit; nine to black magic being done on them; twenty-four patients did not relate symptoms to religious beliefs. Sixty-two patients had visited faith healers. This study is the first of its kind which looks at various clinical presentations of PNES patients in order to assess if there is any cultural basis for the symptoms.

PD28-08 NUMBER OF INTRAVAGINAL THRUSTS BEFORE EJACULATION (NITBE): A CONVENIENT AND RELIABLE TOOL FOR PREMATURE EJACULATION ASSESSMENT

You have accessJournal of UrologySexual Function/Dysfunction: Evaluation I (PD28)1 Apr 2020PD28-08 NUMBER OF INTRAVAGINAL THRUSTS BEFORE EJACULATION (NITBE): A CONVENIENT AND RELIABLE TOOL FOR PREMATURE EJACULATION ASSESSMENT Dong Fang*, Yiming Yuan, Jing Peng, and Zhichao Zhang Dong Fang*Dong Fang* More articles by this author , Yiming YuanYiming Yuan More articles by this author , Jing PengJing Peng More articles by this author , and Zhichao ZhangZhichao Zhang More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000000892.08AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) is important in the evaluation of premature ejaculation (PE). However, the stopwatch-measured IELT (SW-IELT) is inconvenient in clinics while the self-estimate IELT (E-IELT) is inaccurate. This study is to evaluate the number of intravaginal thrusts before ejaculation (NITBE) in the assessment of PE. METHODS: A prospective study which included PE patients (204 couples) and comparatives (106 couples) was performed from Sep 2015 to Mar 2016. SW-IELT, E-IELT and NITBE were collected and evaluated. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were similar between two groups. The median SW-IELT was 47.6s vs 187.2s between PE patients and comparatives (p<0.001), and the median NITBE was 41.8 vs 152.4 (p<0.001). It’s interesting that the average time of one thrust was similar (1.1±0.2 s/time vs 1.2±0.2 s/time, p>0.05) between the two groups. As for E-IELT, although patients with PE also exhibited much worse results (94.4s vs 447.5s, p<0.001), there’s significant difference between E-IELT and SW-IELT (p<0.001) and NITBE was more correlated with SW-IELT with a person correlation of 0.989. By ROC curve, 75 times would be the best cut-off value with sensitivity of 81.1% and specificity of 88.2%. CONCLUSIONS: NITBE could be used as a convenient and reliable tool for PE assessment. Source of Funding: None © 2020 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 203Issue Supplement 4April 2020Page: e615-e615 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2020 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Dong Fang* More articles by this author Yiming Yuan More articles by this author Jing Peng More articles by this author Zhichao Zhang More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Efficacy of dapoxetine treatment in Chinese patients with premature ejaculation and possible factors affecting efficacy in the real-world practice

BackgroundThe treatment effect of dapoxetine in real-world practice is not well established. This study was to investigate the factors influencing efficacy of dapoxetine for the treatment of Premature ejaculation (PE) in the real-world setting.MethodsAltogether 154 patients were followed up between Jan 2015 and Dec 2015. The clinical global impression of change (CGIC), premature ejaculation profile (PEP), the estimated intravaginal ejaculation latency time (eIELT) and estimated number of intravaginal thrusts before ejaculation (NITBE) were collected. The clinical characteristics of patients with CGIC = 0 and CGIC≥1 were compared.ResultsAfter 4 weeks treatment, an obvious improvement compared with the baseline was found regarding mean eIELT (2.4 ± 1.6 min vs 1.0 ± 0.7 min, P < 0.001) and mean NITBE (85.9 ± 61.9 times vs 37.4 ± 28.6 times, P < 0.001). The proportion of patients with a self-evaluation of at least “slightly better” and were categorized into “CGIC≥1” group was 70.1%. There were significant differences between patients in the “CGIC = 0” and “CGIC≥1” groups regarding mean NITBE (P = 0.010) and PEDT (P = 0.009) score at baseline. The adverse effects were acceptable.ConclusionDapoxetine was well-tolerated and improved the sexual satisfaction of patients with PE. The severity of PE based on PEDT and NITBE suggest that there could be an effectiveness change with dapoxetine use in real-world practice.

The development of socio-sexual behavior in belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) under human care

Although a catalog of beluga socio-sexual behavior has been established, to date, little is known about the development of beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) socio-sexual behavior. The present study explored how socio-sexual behavior developed in belugas under human care by recording the behavior of 5 belugas between years 4 and 10 of life. Overall, the presence of young male conspecifics was the most influential predictor of whether or not the subjects engaged in socio-sexual behavior, and social networks particularly emphasized the relationships between males in the social group. The subjects of the present study were also more likely to be involved in socio-sexual behavior as they matured and were more likely to be involved if they were male. Additionally, specific socio-sexual behaviors of the repertoire, including horizontal s-postures and pelvic thrusts, increased in prevalence throughout development. These findings have implications for conservation efforts as social group composition may contribute to the development of socio-sexual behavior, which in turn may influence the reproductive success of beluga populations. Furthermore, because socio-sexual behavior composes a substantial portion of a beluga’s activity budget and the majority of the time spent socializing, it is likely crucial for social bonding and well-being in belugas, especially males.

Copulation calls in wild Mueller’s gibbons (Hylobates muelleri)

AbstractMating activity of a wild Mueller’s gibbon group (Hylobates muelleri) was observed in the Danum Valley Conservation Area, Sabah, Malaysia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the function of copulation calls in gibbons. The female emitted copulation calls at the time of intromission and pelvic thrusting. Copulation calls were composed of two notes and one of them was sung only while mating. Approximately half of copulation calls were sung near the range boundary. Mating with copulation calls sometimes occurred while singing. According to the model that female copulation calls have evolved under the selective pressures of risk of infanticide and sperm competition, copulation calls should be rare in species with little female promiscuity. As gibbons usually live in pair-living social organization and have a monogamous mating system, no vocal signals by female gibbons are considered to be needed. However, clear copulation calls were emitted by the female. It suggests that the relationship between paired gibbons is unstable. Copulation calls by the female Mueller’s gibbon may function to increase mate guarding and strengthen the pair bond.

Method and design of drug treatment research of subjective premature ejaculation in men differs from that of lifelong premature ejaculation in males: proposal for a new objective measure (part 1).

As lifelong premature ejaculation (PE) and subjective PE are two different PE subtypes, the measurement of their characteristic features requires different objective measures. In this article, we address the differences between lifelong PE and subjective PE, in terms of the extent of variation of sexual performance and propose a new objective measure for research of subjective PE. By considering lifelong PE as a mainly "male" sex disorder and subjective PE as a mainly "man" sex disorder, we show that stopwatch-mediated intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) measurement is most adequate for research of lifelong PE, but inadequate for research of subjective PE. Subjective PE needs another objective measure to capture its key characteristics. Arguments are provided to show that the characteristics of subjective PE are different from the key features of lifelong PE. The core issue in lifelong PE is the very short IELT with a very small variation in sexual performance. Subjective PE is characterized by a higher variation of sexual performance. Stopwatch-mediated IELT measurement is essential in case of small variation of sexual performance. In contrast, measurement of various parameters of penile intravaginal thrusting is suggested to be more appropriate in case of high variation of sexual performance observed in subjective PE. In conclusion, research of lifelong PE should be performed by stopwatch measurement of the IELT whereas research of subjective PE should be performed by movement tracker devices, designed to be bound to the males body and/or inserted into the women's vagina with robust software to measure intravaginal thrusting variation performance. Future studies are warranted to provide scientific data to support this hypothesis.

Biomechanical Studies of the Inflatable Penile Prosthesis: A Review.

The penile prosthesis remains the primary surgical treatment for refractory erectile dysfunction. Over the decades, inflatable penile prostheses' mechanical reliability, patient satisfaction, safety, and functional erectile restoration have greatly improved. During this time, many studies of biomechanical properties of the prosthesis have been conducted to better understand their biomimicry to the erect human phallus. To review all current literature on the biomechanical properties of the penile prosthesis, including prosthesis biomechanical function, and variability in model-related performance. A Medline PubMed search was used to identify all articles of interest related to subjects involving the penile prosthesis and its related biomechanical properties. The following were included in the search for articles of interest: "biomechanics," "mechanics," "mechanical properties," "axial rigidity," "penile implant," and "penile prosthesis." Articles were further screened for content and English language. Here we perform a literature review of the bio-mechenical function, performance, and patient satisfaction of penile implants. Axial rigidity helps determine the ability of an erect penis to complete vaginal intromission and pelvic thrusting without buckling. Recent cadaveric data show that at maximum inflation, Coloplast and American Medical Systems (AMS) implants had comparable performance. Variability was seen at various lower fill pressures, where more severe buckling was observed. Coloplast Titan showed a tendency toward better resistance to longitudinal and horizontal forces. The AMS CX device showed similar performance to the Titan, and the AMS LGX device was shown to be most sensitive to fill pressure variation. Additionally, rear tip extenders (RTEs) appear to negatively affect axial loading, especially in settings of larger implants. Current research suggests that circumferentially expanding devices, such as AMS CX and Coloplast Titan, show better resistance to longitudinal (penetration) and horizontal (gravity) forces and, unlike the AMS LGX device, are less sensitive to device fill pressure. Additionally, RTEs have been shown to negatively impact axial loading, especially in larger cylinder inflatable penile prostheses >20 cm in length. Madiraju SK, Wallen JJ, Rydelek SP, etal. Biomechanical Studies of the Inflatable Penile Prosthesis: A Review. Sex Med Rev 2019;7:369-375.

Gender-Related Differences in Semiology of Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures.

The aim of the study is to detect possible gender-related differences in the semiology of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES). One hundred fifty-five patients (male: female=63:92) aged 13 to 67 years, who were diagnosed with PNES by video-monitoring electroencephalogram (EEG) between 2010 and 2017, were included in this retrospective study. Patients were grouped according to their gender. The primary semiological characteristics of PNES for each case were defined, standardized, and categorized by an epileptologist during video-monitoring EEG. The chi-square test and the Fisher exact test were used statistically. An age histogram showed peaks at ages 20 to 23 and at ages 40 to 43, which were more prominent in the female gender. Whereas major motor activity (p=0.032), lateralizing motor activity (p=0.017), and opisthotonic posture and pelvic thrust motion (p=0.017) were significantly related to the male gender, weeping (p<0.001) was significantly related to the female gender. Our study showed that there are some semiological differences between the genders in PNES. In male patients, lateralized motor findings are more prominent and not accompanied by ictal crying in seizures, which may lead to further confusion with epileptic seizures. It is important to know the semiological characteristics for early and accurate diagnosis.

Male-Male Mounting Behaviour in Free-Ranging Golden Snub-Nosed Monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana)

An all-male band of golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) was observed for 3 months in the Qinling Mountains of China, in order to collect data on the frequencies and contextual significance of male-male mounting behaviour. Mounts occurred in a variety of affiliative, dominance-related and sexual contexts, which differed depending upon the ages of the males involved. Mounting behaviour in this group was mainly initiated by adults. Juveniles mounted each other in affiliative contexts (during play and prior to grooming). Adult males mounted subadult and juvenile partners in a greater variety of sociosexual contexts (dominance/rank-related interactions; reconciliation following agonistic encounters, and sometimes as a prelude to receiving grooming). However, subadults and juveniles were never observed to mount adults. In one dyad, involving an adult male and a subadult partner, mounting was more frequent and prolonged, and included bouts of deep pelvic thrusting. Two mounts resulted in anal intromissions and, in 1 case, the subadult partner exhibited seminal emission. Given that the study took place during the annual mating peak period of R. roxellana, it is possible that this unusual male-male sexual activity was related to the absence of mating opportunities for those adults that were excluded from 1-male units.

PS-08-005 Number of intravaginal thrusts before ejaculation (NITBE), a convenient and reliable tool for premature ejaculation assessment

Intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) is an important tool for the assessment of premature ejaculation (PE), not only in diagnosis, but also in clinical trials for PE. The IELT can be measured by stopwatch which it is not practical for patients to provide in clinical practice, or can be measured by self-estimate, which is different from stopwatch-measured IELT (SW-IELT). In the current analysis, we focused Number of Intravaginal thrusts before ejaculation (NITBE), which was mentioned two decades ago but not widely used, to assess the influence of those measures in identifying PE. Data were from half a year, single center, observational study of men with (204) and without (106) premature ejaculation (diagnosed using complains from human subjects combined with questionnaire of Chinese Index of Premature Ejaculation (CIPE)), as well as their female partners. Estimated IELT (E-IELT), SW-IELT and NITBE, age, and responses to multiple item of CIPE were evaluated with stepwise logistic regression analysis.

118 Number of Intravaginal Thrusts Before Ejaculation (Nitbe), A Convenient and Reliable Tool for Premature Ejaculation Assessment

118 Number of Intravaginal Thrusts Before Ejaculation (Nitbe), A Convenient and Reliable Tool for Premature Ejaculation Assessment

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures in the post-anesthesia recovery unit

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES or "pseudoseizures") remain an obscure topic in the peri-operative setting. They are sudden and time-limited motor and cognitive disturbances, which mimic epileptic seizures, but are psychogenically mediated. Pseudoseizures occur more frequently than epilepsy in the peri-operative setting. Early diagnosis and management may prevent iatrogenic injury. 48 year-old female with a history of depression and "seizures" presented for gynecologic surgery. She described her seizure history as "controlled" without anticonvulsant therapy. The patient underwent uneventful general anesthesia and recovered neurologically intact. During the first two postoperative hours, the patient experienced 3 episodes of seizure-like activity with generalized shaking of extremities and pelvic thrusting; her eyes were firmly closed. No tongue biting or incontinence was noted. The episodes lasted approximately 3min each, one of which resolved spontaneously and the other two following intravenous lorazepam. During these episodes, the patient had stable hemodynamics and adequate ventilation such that endotracheal intubation was deemed unwarranted. Post-ictally, the patient was neurologically intact. Computed axial tomography of the head, metabolic assay, and electroencephalogram showed no abnormalities. A presumptive diagnosis of PNES was made. Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures mimic shivering, and should be considered early in the differential diagnosis of postoperative shaking, as they may be more likely than epilepsy in this setting. Pseudoseizure patterns include asynchronous convulsive episodes lasting more than 90s, forced eye closure with resistance to opening, and retained pupillary responses. Autonomic manifestations such as tachycardia, cyanosis and incontinence are usually absent. A psychiatric background is common. Knowledge and correct diagnosis of pseudoseizures is of great importance for anesthesiologists to prevent morbidity and iatrogenic injury such as respiratory arrest caused by anticonvulsant therapy, in addition to the risks associated with endotracheal intubation and prolonged hospital stays. The diagnosis of pseudoseizures must be thoroughly documented and relayed in transfer of care to avoid misdiagnosis and iatrogenic complications. Treatment recommendations are anecdotal; psychiatric interventions are the hallmark of treatment. Anesthetic recommendations include techniques involving the minimum required short-acting agents, along with high levels of peri-operative psychological support and reassurance.