Pelvic Rotation Angle Research Articles

Analysis of movements involved in raising lower garments during toileting in patients with stroke and hemiplegia: An analysis focused on manipulation on the paretic side

BackgroundMovements to raise lower garments in patients with stroke and hemiplegia consist of downward reach, non-paretic-side manipulation, and paretic-side manipulation. In this study, we focused on paretic-side manipulation, which is particularly difficult, and investigated the factors that make it challenging. MethodsForty-eight patients with stroke and hemiplegia (23 and 25 patients in independent and dependent groups, respectively) participated in this study. First, we investigated the difficulty of each manipulation using a visual analog scale to confirm the usefulness of focusing on paretic-side manipulation. Characteristics of the paretic side manipulation were compared between the dependent and independent groups using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. FindingsThe dependent group showed greater difficulty in manipulation on the paretic side compared to manipulation on the non-paretic side. The dependent group had a lower paretic limb loading ratio (p < 0.01), greater pelvic rotation angle (p < 0.01), and longer paretic side manipulation time (p < 0.01) than those in the independent group. InterpretationThe factors that contributed to greater difficulty in manipulating the paretic side were a lower limb loading rate and larger pelvic rotation angle toward the paretic side. These factors make it difficult to reach the lower garment and result in inefficient manipulation of the paretic side.

Differences in spinal axial rotation angles during the lumbar-locked rotation test between hyper and normal thoracic rotation groups: A cross-sectional study.

Trunk rotation is important in many sporting activities The thoracic spine has reciprocal relationships with the lumbar and pelvic spines, such that reduced flexibility in the lumbar or thoracic spine can lead to abnormal patterns of trunk movement and pain. However, few studies have investigated the relative trunk rotation mobilities of the thorax, lumbar, and pelvis. To compare thoracic, lumbar, and pelvic rotation angles during the lumbar-locked rotation test between hyper and normal thoracic rotation groups. Thirty-two young, active participants were enrolled in this study. After the attachment of inertial measurement units at the T1, T7, T12, L3, and S2 levels, the participants were required to stand in a comfortable upright posture for 5s to allow postural measurements before performing the lumbar-locked rotation test. The participants were then divided into hyper thoracic rotation and normal thoracic rotation groups based on T1 angle measurements obtained during the lumbar-locked rotation test. The hyper thoracic rotation group had significantly higher thoracic rotation angles on both the right (p< 0.05) and left (p< 0.05) sides compared with the normal thoracic rotation group. Furthermore, we observed flat lumbar lordosis in the hyper thoracic rotation group compared with the normal thoracic rotation group, particularly in the lower lumbar region in standing posture. Our data suggest that evaluations of thoracic mobility should consider relative thoracic, lumbar, and pelvic motions, rather than the T1 angle alone. This study provides a basis for health professionals to evaluate movement dysfunctions associated with thoracic hypermobility.

Effects of Pelvic Floor Muscle Contraction on Abdominal Muscle Activity and Pelvic Rotation Angle during Active Straight Leg Raise: Cross-Sectional Study

Effects of Pelvic Floor Muscle Contraction on Abdominal Muscle Activity and Pelvic Rotation Angle during Active Straight Leg Raise: Cross-Sectional Study

Effects of peak ankle dorsiflexion angle on lower extremity biomechanics and pelvic motion during walking and jogging.

Ankle dorsiflexion during walking causes the tibia to roll forward relative to the foot to achieve body forward. Individuals with ankle dorsiflexion restriction may present altered movement patterns and cause a series of dysfunction. Therefore, the aim of this research was to clearly determine the effects of peak ankle dorsiflexion angle on lower extremity biomechanics and pelvic motion during walking and jogging. This study involved 51 subjects tested for both walking and jogging. The motion capture system and force measuring platforms were used to synchronously collect kinematics and kinetics parameters during these activities. Based on the peak ankle dorsiflexion angle during walking, the 51 subjects were divided into a restricted group (RADF group, angle <10°) and an ankle dorsiflexion-unrestricted group (un-RADF group, angle >10°). Independent-Sample T-tests were performed to compare the pelvic and lower limb biomechanics parameters between the groups during walking and jogging test on this cross-sectional study. The parameters that were significantly smaller in the RADF group than in the un-RADF group at the moment of peak ankle dorsiflexion in the walking test were: ankle plantar flexion moment (p < 0.05), hip extension angle (p < 0.05), internal ground reaction force (p < 0.05), anterior ground reaction force (p < 0.01), pelvic ipsilateral tilt angle (p < 0.05). In contrast, the external knee rotation angle was significantly greater in the RADF group than in the un-RADF group (p < 0.05). The parameters that were significantly smaller in the RADF group than in the un-RADF group at the moment of peak ankle dorsiflexion in the jogging test were: peak ankle dorsiflexion angle (p < 0.01); the anterior ground reaction force (p < 0.01), the angle of pelvic ipsilateral rotation (p < 0.05). This study shows that individuals with limited ankle dorsiflexion experience varying degrees of altered kinematics and dynamics in the pelvis, hip, knee, and foot during walking and jogging. Limited ankle dorsiflexion alters the movement pattern of the lower extremity during walking and jogging, diminishing the body's ability to propel forward, which may lead to higher injury risks.

Interlimb and trunk asymmetry in the frontal plane of table tennis female players.

An interesting and little-reported problem in the literature is the scale of asymmetry in table tennis players, the magnitude of which should perhaps be treated as a risk for injury. Determining the degree of asymmetry in table tennis players can indicate the need to appropriately manage the training process, including compensatory or corrective exercises in the training program, especially since recent studies confirm that training interventions can reduce sporting asymmetries and improve performance. This study aimed to assess the amount of asymmetry in the trunk regarding the frontal plane and the difference between limb circumferences in female table tennis players compared to the control group (non-athletes). Twenty-two women took part in the study. Ten of them were table tennis professionals with an average training experience of 7±4.3 years (the exclusion criterion of the study was a minimum of 3 years of training experience). As a comparison group, the study included 12 female students who did not participate in competitive sports. Body posture was assessed in all subjects using equipment for computer analysis of asymmetry in the torso using the photogrammetric method. Additionally, all the subjects had their upper and lower limb circumferences measured. The results of the conducted research showed asymmetry in the frontal plane in the table tennis player group. As many as six parameters-regarding the pelvic rotation angle, angle of trunk inclination, the height of the angles of the lower shoulder blades and their distance from the spine, as well as the waist triangles, difference in the width and height of the waist triangles and the angle of trunk inclination-indicated asymmetry in this group but significantly differed from the control group (p≤0.05) only in the first parameter given above. The calculated differences in circumference between the right and left sides in the individual groups were statistically different in several cases (p≤0.05). This concerned the circumferences of the arms, forearms, elbows, and knees of table tennis players. The research carried out in this study allowed us to determine the occurrence of asymmetry in the frontal plane of the trunk and between the limbs of table tennis players. According to some studies, this may be a risk factor for injury. However, despite the lack of uniform views in the literature on the importance and threats resulting from asymmetries, it appears that, if only for aesthetic reasons, table tennis would require compensatory or corrective training aimed at developing symmetry of the body structure.

Predictors of Changes in Pelvic Rotation after Surgery with or without Femoral Derotational Osteotomy in Ambulatory Children with Cerebral Palsy.

Asymmetry of pelvic rotation affects function. However, predicting the post-operative changes in pelvic rotation is difficult as the root causes are complex and likely multifactorial. This retrospective study explored potential predictors of the changes in pelvic rotation after surgery with or without femoral derotational osteotomy (FDRO) in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy (CP). The change in the mean pelvic rotation angle during the gait cycle, pre- to post-operatively, was examined based on the type of surgery (with or without FDRO) and CP distribution (unilateral or bilateral involvement). In unilaterally involved patients, pelvic rotation changed towards normal with FDRO (p = 0.04), whereas patients who did not undergo FDRO showed a significant worsening of pelvic asymmetry (p = 0.02). In bilaterally involved patients, the changes in pelvic rotation did not differ based on FDRO (p = 0.84). Pelvic rotation corrected more with a greater pre-operative asymmetry (β = -0.21, SE = 0.10, p = 0.03). Sex, age at surgery, GMFCS level, and follow-up time did not impact the change in pelvic rotation. For children with hemiplegia, internal hip rotation might cause compensatory deviation in pelvic rotation, which could be improved with surgical correction of the hip. The predicted changes in pelvic rotation should be considered when planning surgery for children with CP.

Pelvic Rotation Is Associated With Asymmetry in the Knee Extensor Moment During Double-Leg Squatting After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Asymmetry in knee extensor moment during double-leg squatting was observed after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, even after the completion of the rehabilitation program for return to sports. The purpose of this study was to clarify the association between asymmetry in the knee extensor moment and pelvic rotation angle during double-leg squatting after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Twenty-four participants performed double-leg squatting. Kinetics and kinematics during squatting were analyzed using a 3-dimensional motion analysis system with 2 force plates. The limb symmetry index of knee extensor moment was predicted by the pelvic rotation angle (R2 = .376, P = .001). In addition, the pelvic rotation and the limb symmetry index of the vertical ground reaction force independently explained the limb symmetry index of the knee extensor moment (R2 = .635, P < .001, β of pelvic rotation = -0.489, β of vertical ground reaction force = 0.524). Pelvic rotation toward the involved limb was associated with a smaller knee extensor moment in the involved limb than in the uninvolved limb. The assessment of pelvic rotation would be useful for partially predicting asymmetry in the knee extensor moment during double-leg squatting. Minimizing pelvic rotation may improve the asymmetry in the knee extensor moment during double-leg squatting after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Differences in Physical Examination Outcomes between Sacroiliac Joint Motion Restricted and Painful Groups in Patients with Lumbopelvic Pain

Background Among sacroiliac joint (SIJ) special tests, motion palpation tests (MPT) are commonly used to assess possible SIJ motion dysfunction. Pain provocation tests (PPT) attempt to assess whether or not the stressed structure is a source of pain. Pain and dysfunction are dissimilar concepts and should be differentiated from each other in clinical practice. Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare differences in physical examination outcomes (hamstring muscle length, isometric gluteus maximus strength, pelvic rotation angle during active straight leg raise (ASLR) and visual analog scale (VAS) between motion-restricted and painful groups of patients with low back pain (LBP). Methods Thirty-two patients between the ages of 18 and 45 participated. Four MPT (Gillet, standing flexion, sitting flexion, and supine to sit) and five PPTs (compression, distraction, Gaenslen's, thigh-thrust, and sacral-thrust) were used for distinguishing subjects with SIJ dysfunction. Independent t-test analysis was used to compare physical examination outcomes between the two groups. Results Results showed that SIJ PPT groups were significant changes (p = 0.028) in hamstring length compared to the SIJ MPT groups, and the subjective pain level (VAS) also showed a significant result. (p < 0.001) In the measurement of the pelvic rotation angle during the ASLR, the MPT group showed a more significant change in pelvic rotation angle than the PPT group (p = 0.043) However, our data did not show a significant difference in the isometric gluteus maximus strength of the two groups. (p = 0.882) Conclusions Based on these results, therapeutic interventions for SIJ dysfunction should be appropriately and harmonized by identifying the differences and unique features of the two test methods, and new evaluation methods combining these two methods are required.

The Effects of Abdominal Hollowing and Bracing Maneuvers on Trunk Muscle Activity and Pelvic Rotation Angle during Leg Pull Front Pilates Exercise

Pilates methods use mats for trunk muscles stabilization exercises, and leg pull front (LPF) is one of the traditional Pilates mat exercises. Abdominal hollowing (AH) and Abdominal bracing (AB) maneuvers are recommended to stabilize the trunk muscles and prevent unwanted pelvic movement during motion. This study aimed to explore the effects of AH and AB on electromyography (EMG) activity of the trunk muscles and angle of pelvic rotation during LPF. A total of 20 healthy volunteers participated in the study. AH, AB, and without any condition (WC) were randomly performed during LPF exercise. Each was repeated three times for 5 s. The trunk muscle activities were measured using EMG and rotation of pelvis was measured using a Smart KEMA device. The activities of the transversus abdominis/obliquus internus abdominis (TrA/IO) and right obliquus externus abdominis (EO) muscles were highest in LPF-AH compared to the other conditions. Multifidus (MF) activity was significantly greater in LPF-AH and LPF-AB compared to that of without any condition. The pelvic rotation angle was significantly smaller in LPF-AB. Therefore, AH maneuver during LPF for trunk muscle stabilization exercises is suitable for selective activation of the TrA/IO, and AB maneuver during LPF is recommended for the prevention of unwanted pelvic rotation.

Effects of a Bridge Exercise with Added Motion on Muscle Activity and Pelvic Angle in Young Male Adults with Uncontrolled Lumbopelvic Rotation

This study aimed to investigate the effect of a bridge exercise with added motion on muscle activity and pelvic angle in young male adults with uncontrolled lumbopelvic rotation. Twenty young male adults with uncontrolled lumbopelvic rotation were randomly assigned to a bridge exercise group with hip abduction and a bridge exercise group with pelvic rotation. The subjects participated in the designated training for 20 min a day, five times a week. The intervention lasted two weeks, and both groups were instructed to refrain from exercise other than training during the two-week intervention period. The muscle activity of the internal oblique muscle and the rectus abdominis muscle was measured on the leg lifting side, and the external oblique muscle on the supporting side. Data were collected from the subjects. The results showed that both groups significantly increased the muscle activity of the internal oblique muscle and the external oblique muscle, and that the pelvic rotation angle significantly decreased. Similar to the existing one-leg bridge exercise with hip abduction, the one-leg bridge exercise with pelvic rotation increased the activity of the muscles related to rotation and decreased the rotation angle of the pelvis. Therefore, the one-leg bridge exercise with pelvic rotation can be an effective method for reducing lumbopelvic instability.

Sagittal Parameters of Spine-Pelvis-Hip Joints in Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis.

To explore sagittal compensation characteristics, including extra spinal-pelvic parameters and distal hip parameters, for analysis in middle-aged to the older patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) without spinal deformity and clarify the fitting relationship between the main sagittal parameters. This retrospective single-center study included 205 patients with LSS in our department from January 2016 to December 2018, including 153 women (74.6%), with an average age of 67.6 ± 7.1 years. Sagittal parameters were obtained on the whole spinal lateral radiograph. Spinal parameters include thoracic kyphosis (TK), thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK), and lumbar lordosis (LL). Pelvic parameters include pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), and sacral slope (SS). Hip parameters include pelvic rotation (PR) and hip inclination angle (HIA). Spine-pelvic parameter is spino-sacral angle (SSA). Sagittal balance parameter is sagittal vertical axis (SVA). PI-LL, PT, SVA, HIA, and TLK were regarded as primary results, and the others were secondary outcomes. The independent sample t-test was used to compare gender. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between primary results and secondary results. We take PI-LL, PT, SVA, and TLK as dependent variables and include relevant factors for analysis. In the case of gender, PI, PI-LL, and PT were found smaller in men than women, but TK is greater in men than women (27.3° ± 6.1° vs 23.3° ± 7.7°, p=0.033). PI-LL was positively correlated with PT (r=0.608, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with HIA (r=-0.193, p=0.010); PT was negatively correlated with HIA (r=-0.289, p < 0.01). As to the relationship between primary and secondary results, HIA was positively correlated with SS and PR (p < 0.01). SVA was positively correlated with SSA (r=0.341, p=0.010). The positive influencing factors and risk factors of SVA were SSA, and PI-LL played a negative regulatory role through proximal TK, the distal PT plays a positive regulatory role. The regulation of PI-LL was compensated through both TK and PT, with a fitting relationship of PI-LL=0.5 × PT - 0.2 × TK. There was a close interaction among spine-pelvic-hip sagittal parameters. We found the matching of PI-LL in the domestic middle-aged and elderly LSS population is regulated by thoracic spine and pelvis.

Comparison of Pelvic Rotation Angle and Electromyography Activity of the Trunk and Gluteus Maximus Muscles during Four Pilates Exercises

Background The Pilates method has recently been recommended as the best way to improve spinal stability by strengthening the trunk and gluteus maximus (GM) muscles. Purpose In this study, we compared trunk and GM muscle activities and pelvic rotation angles during four traditional Pilates exercises. Study design Cross-sectional study Methods Twenty healthy volunteers were recruited for this study. During the four exercises, the activity of the trunk and GM muscles were measured via electromyography and pelvic rotation was measured using a smart phone-based measurement tool. Results The activities of the transverse abdominis/internal oblique and external oblique muscles were highest during the leg pull front (LPF) compared to the other exercises. GM activity was significantly higher during the LPF compared to the shoulder bridge and swimming (SW), but not during the one leg kick (OLK). Multifidus (MF) activity was significantly higher during SW than during the other exercises. There were no significant differences in MF activity between the SW and OLK exercises. Pelvic rotation angle was significantly reduced during the OLK compared to the LPF (<italic>p</italic>=0.004). Conclusions We recommend the LPF exercise if the goal is increased trunk and GM muscle activity and the SW exercise if you target for increased MF activity. The OLK exercise is useful for activating the trunk and GM muscles while reducing uncontrolled pelvic movements.

Effects of the abdominal drawing-in maneuver on hamstring rotational activity and pelvic stability in females.

The medial hamstring (MH) and lateral hamstring (LH) can be selectively trained through tibial internal and external rotation during prone knee flexion. However, no study has identified how a combined tibial rotation and lumbo-pelvic stability strategy influences MH and LH muscle activities. To investigate the combined effects of tibial rotation and the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) on MH and LH muscle activities as well as pelvic rotation during prone knee flexion. Fifteen female volunteers performed prone knee flexion with tibial internal and external rotation, with and without the ADIM. Under each condition, MH and LH muscle activities were measured by surface electromyography (EMG), and the pelvic rotation angle by a smartphone inclinometer application. The results showed increased MH (without the ADIM: p< 0.001, effect size (d) = 2.05; with the ADIM: p< 0.001, d= 1.71) and LH (without the ADIM: p< 0.001, d= 1.64; with the ADIM: p= 0.001, d= 1.58) muscle activities under internal and external tibial rotation, respectively. However, addition of the ADIM led to increased MH (internal tibial rotation: p= 0.001, d= 0.67; external tibial rotation: p= 0.019, d= 0.45) and LH (internal tibial rotation: p= 0.003, d= 0.79; external tibial rotation: p< 0.001, d= 1.05) muscle activities combined with reduced pelvic rotation (internal tibial rotation: p< 0.001, d= 3.45; external tibial rotation: p< 0.001, d= 3.01) during prone knee flexion. These findings suggest that the ADIM could be useful for reducing compensatory pelvic rotation and enhancing selective muscle activation in the MH and LH, according to the direction of tibial rotation, during prone knee flexion.

Spatial-temporal parameters, pelvic and lower limb movements during gait in individuals with reduced passive ankle dorsiflexion

BackgroundProper ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ADF-ROM) allows the anterior roll of the tibia relative to the foot during the midstance phase of gait, which contributes to forward movement of the body. Individuals with reduced passive ADF-ROM may present altered movement patterns during gait due to an inefficient anterior tibial roll over the support foot during the stance phase.Research question: What is the influence of reduced passive ADF-ROM on the pelvic and lower limb movements and spatiotemporal parameters during gait? MethodThirty-two participants divided into two groups according to the degree of passive ADF-ROM—less than 10° (lower ADF-ROM group) or greater than 15° (higher ADF-ROM group) —were subjected to gait assessment using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. Independent t-tests were used to compare the pelvic and lower limb movements and spatiotemporal gait parameters between the groups on this cross-sectional study. ResultsThe lower ADF-ROM group had shorter step length, lower peak of pelvic ipsilateral rotation angle, and lower hip and knee maximum flexion angles in the stance phase (p < 0.05). In addition, the peaks of the ankle and forefoot-rearfoot dorsiflexion angles were smaller in the reduced ADF-ROM group (p < 0.05). The between-group differences presented effect sizes varying from moderate to large. SignificanceIndividuals with reduced passive ADF-ROM presented reduced foot and ankle dorsiflexion, knee and hip flexion, and pelvis rotation movements and shorter step length during gait. However, no differences in foot pronation were noted between groups. Therefore, individuals with reduced passive ADF-ROM present alterations in the lower limb and pelvic movements during gait.

New Strategies for Controlling Pelvic Transverse Rotation and Selective Activation of Hip Muscles during Prone Hip Extension with Knee Flexion

Background : Prone hip extension with knee flexion (PHEKF) is a commonly used exercise for strengthening the gluteal muscles. However, PHEKF exercise is associated with a risk of increased hamstring and erector spinae activities, lumbar rotation to compensate for gluteal muscle weakness. Therefore, PHEKEF with isometric hip 30 abduction was evaluated in this study using Thera-Band to reduce pelvic transverse rotation compensation and effectively strengthen gluteal muscle strength. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the activity of the gluteus maximus (GMax), gluteus medius (GMed), erector spinae (ES) and hamstring (HAM) muscles and pelvic transverse rotation during PHEKF in three conditions. Methods : Fifteen healthy women participated in the study. The pelvic transverse rotation was measured using a smart phone-based measurement tool. The surface electromyography was attached the GMax, GMed, ES and HAM muscles. Then, the maximum voluntary isometric contraction was measured. The PHEKF exercise was performed in three different conditions (PHEKF, PHEKF with 30º hip abduction, and PHEKF with 30º isometric hip abduction [IHA]) by randomly. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed to determine the difference in pelvic transverse rotation angle and muscle activity between the condition. Results : The GMax and GMed amplitudes were highest in PHEKF with 30° IHA, followed by 30º and 0° hip abduction during PHEKF (GMax, p < 0.001; GMed, p < 0.001). HAM and ipsilateral ES amplitudes were not significantly different among the three conditions (ipsilateral ES, p = 0.268; HAM, p = 0.577). In the pelvic transverse rotation angle and contralateral ES, the PHEKF with 30° IHA showed significantly lower than PHEKE with 30° abduction (the pelvic transverse rotation angle, p < 0.05; contralateral ES, p < 0.05). Conclusions : The results of these studies can examine that the PHEK with 30º IHA was effective to control pelvic transverse rotation and increase the contribution of the selective muscles activities of GMax and GMed muscles.

Effects of the Biofeedback Units during PNF Pattern on the Abdominal Muscle Activity and Pelvic Rotation Angle in Patients with Chronic Back Pain

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide clinical information by comparing abdominal muscle activity and lumbopelvic rotation angle according to proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) lower pattern with pressure biofeedback unit or PNF lower pattern without pressure biofeedback unit in patients with chronic back pain. Methods: In this study, 20 patients with low back pain were instructed to perform PNF lower pattern with biofeedback unit and PNF lower pattern without biofeedback unit. Surface electromyography data were collected from the ipsilateral internal oblique (IIO), contralateral external oblique (CEO), ipsilateral rectus abdominal (IRA) muscles, and lumbopelvic rotation angle were measured using the motion analysis device. Results: The activation of all abdominal muscles was found greater in PNF lower pattern with biofeedback unit than that PNF lower pattern without biofeedback unit. The degree of lumbopelvic rotation angle in PNF lower pattern with biofeedback unit was found lower than that PNF lower pattern without biofeedback unit(p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that PNF lower pattern with biofeedback unit is effective in increasing abdominal muscle activity and decreasing unwanted lumbopelvic rotation in patients with chronic low back pain. Therefore, if you want to apply the PNF lower pattern to patients with chronic low back pain, it is considered effective to control the pelvis using the biofeedback unit.

Effect of Muscle Energy Technique in Patients with Non-traumatic Lumbo-pelvic Pain in the Age Group of 30-40 Years

Purpose: Pelvic girdle and low back pain have fallen under the diagnostic umbrella of non-specific low back pain (NSLBP). It is true that low back pain can have it’s etiology in pelvic girdle mal-alignment, and similarly low back pain with neural irritation can lead to in co-ordination of muscles causing pelvic malalignment, it is important to understand that motor in co-ordination in the pelvic girdle can be the result of peripheral and/or central mechanisms. Peripheral mechanisms include reflexogenic muscle spasms whilst central mechanisms include cortical inhibition of muscles and/or delayed central transmission due to noxious input affecting intra-cortical synergistic control between various regions of the central nervous system (CNS). Muscle energy technique (MET) is a common conservative treatment for pathology around the spine, particularly lumbopelvic pain (LPP). MET is a gentle manual therapy for restricted motion of the spine and extremities and is an active technique where the patient, not the clinician, controls the corrective force. MET of the low back has decreased pain, increased range of motion, decreased muscle tension and spasm, and increased strength when used with supervised neuromuscular re-education and resistance exercise training. At present, the treatment effect and the outcome of one or two MET session is undefined. This study is designed to determine the effectiveness of brief MET sessions on posterior innominate/ Pelvic pain when used on subjects with non-traumatic pelvic pain. Materials and method: 20 male patients of convenient random sampling based on the inclusion criteria were included in the study and were given muscle energy technique- anterior rotation of Innominate bone for single session once a day for two days and the pre and post treatment outcome were recorded using VAS score and Pelvic inclinometer (PALM) measure. Results: The pre and post treatment effects using paired t-test and the correlation on VAS, shows a decrease of mean and SD from baseline (4.7 ± 1.03) to (1.95 ± 1.14) with (t=14.457, p =.001) indicating a very high level of significance. The pre and post treatment effects using paired t-test and the correlation on PALM, shows a decrease of mean and SD from baseline (10.5 ± 1.50) to (7.1 ± 1.07) with (t=12.803, p =.004) indicating a high level of significance. Conclusion: The results showed that Muscle Energy Technique is as effective as any other manual therapy techniques in the treatment of lumbo-pelvic pain or posterior innominate considered in this study, suggests that MET was highly effective in managing pain and neutralising the pelvic rotation angles with LPP. The treatment is evidenced, and provided as much benefit as any other manual therapy techniques for LPP. Some objective outcomes showed a trend which suggested that there might have been a great interaction if the sample size was larger. Thus the conclusion from this research is that there was a high statistical significance between the pre and post treatment with brief MET sessions in acute LPP.

방향전환 동작에서 접근속도와 발 디딤형태가 하지분절에 미치는 영향

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of the change of approaching speed and foot strike patterns on the lower extremities in a side cutting. In addition, it is to observe the relationship between the foot strike pattern and the pelvic rotation.<BR> Method: The subjects were 11 healthy male college students. Kinematic and kinetic variables were analyzed by 3D cinematography in the weight support phase during the 90°side cutting. The side cutting was performed under the conditions of speed change (preferred and maximum speed) and foot strike pattern change (forefoot and rearfoot strike).<BR> Results: The pelvic rotation angle at the touch-down was increased in the preferred speed and rearfoot strike. The maximum ground reaction force significantly differed only in the vertical axis, and this value increased as the approaching speed increased. There were some significant differences in the flexion and medial rotation of the hip and knee joints under the two conditions, but there was no difference in the frontal plane movement. The ratio of the coupling angle consisting of ankle flexion and pelvic rotation did not show any difference in the four phases.<BR> Conclusion: This study shows that even if the foot strike patterns are intentionally performed differently in the side cutting, it does not affect variables related to injuries, such as knee valgus angle and moment, and the relationship between the ankle and pelvic movement.

Comparison of pelvic rotation angle in the transverse plane in the supine position and during active straight leg raise between people with and without nonspecific low back pain

BackgroundFaults in postural alignment and movement of the pelvis are associated with non-specific low back pain. However, limited studies have investigated the differences in pelvic rotation angle in the transverse plane in the supine position and during active straight leg raise between subjects with and without non-specific low back pain. MethodsThirty-one subjects with non-specific low back pain and 31 subjects without non-specific low back pain were examined. Angular measures of the pelvic rotation angle in the transverse plane were obtained in the supine position and during active straight leg raise using a Smart KEMA measurement system. FindingThe pelvic rotation angle in the transverse plane during active straight leg raise was significantly greater in subjects with non-specific low back pain than in healthy subjects (p < 0.05). However, the pelvic rotation angle in the transverse plane in the supine position and asymmetry index of the pelvic rotation angle during active straight leg raise were not significantly different between subjects with and those without non-specific low back pain. InterpretationThis indicates that a greater pelvic rotation angle in the transverse plane during active straight leg raise could be contributing factors to the development of a non-specific low back pain related to lumbopelvic instability.

The effects of abdominal hollowing and bracing on abdominal muscle thicknesses and pelvic rotation during active straight leg raise

BACKGROUND: Active straight leg-raise (ASLR) is often performed to strengthen abdominal muscles. The correct execution and maximum benefit of the ASLR can be achieved using abdominal hollowing (AH) and abdominal bracing (AB) exercises. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of AH and AB on transverse abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) thicknesses, as well as on the pelvic rotation angle, in healthy women during active ASLR. METHODS: The participants in this study were assigned randomly to either the AH (n= 15) or AB groups (n= 15). During ASLR, abdominal muscle thickness was measured using ultrasound and pelvic rotation was measured using a Smart KEMA device. Each trial was repeated three times for 5 s each. RESULTS: The thickness of the TrA was significantly greater during ASLR with AH than during ASLR with AB (p&lt; 0.001). In contrast, there was no respective significant change in the thickness of the EO (p&gt; 0.311) or IO (p&gt; 0.818). Pelvic rotation angle was significantly reduced during ASLR with AB, compared with ASLR with AH (p&lt; 0.018). CONCLUSIONS: We recommend that AH be performed for the selective contraction of TrA during ASLR, and that AB be performed for the prevention of the pelvic rotation during ASLR. Therefore, AH and AB should be separately done in stabilization exercises.