Pelleting Machine Research Articles

Penerapan Mesin Pencetak Pelet Untuk Pakan Ternak Di Desa Sambigede Pakisaji Malang

Sambigede Village, District. Pakisaji is one of the areas that has high potential in the livestock sector in Malang Regency, the potential is around 20 thousand poultry, 100 cattle, and there are also 3 fish farming groups. So far, the animal feed pellets given by breeders are natural feed in the form of bran and other grains. Animal feed pellets, which are often referred to as pellets, are one of the most important things to pay attention to in the livestock industry, Pellets are a source of nutrition that has a huge impact on livestock, especially poultry breeders, but breeders in this village still have difficulty producing pellets because limited knowledge and technology. So it is necessary to implement an animal feed pellet printing technology machine to provide animal feed pellets in the form of feed pellets independently. The aim of this community service is to diffuse Appropriate Technology for animal feed pellet printing machines by providing knowledge and skills about how to make feed pellet products, and operation and maintenance of animal feed pellet printing machines to partners. Based on the implementation that has been carried out, production increases can be actualized to increase the production of feed pellets 40 kg/hour, so that the implementation of an animal feed pellet printing machine can provide a relatively large contribution to increasing productivity, quality, and turnover for community groups in Sambigede Village, Pakisaji, Malang.. Kata Kunci: pellet machine, pellet press machine, appropriate technology

Modification and Performance Evaluation of a Biomass Pelleting Machine

Modification and Performance Evaluation of a Biomass Pelleting Machine

PELLET PRODUCTION MACHINE DESIGN USING THE AXIOMATIC HOUSE OF QUALITY (AHOQ) METHOD AT NABOLAK FISHERY

In fish farming, the most significant operational cost is the cost of feed or pellets. Nabolak Fisheries is one of the fish farms in Toba Regency. Nabolak Fisheries can process fish harvests directly into packaged derivative products such as fish meat processed into nuggets, fish bones processed into crackers, and dregs from processing residues used as catfish feed. Nabolak fisheries have the potential to produce fish pellets to reduce operational costs and increase revenue. With their own pellet production machine, fish farmers in the Nabolak Fishery can produce their feed and add derivative products. The design of pellet production machines that are effective, efficient, and follow the needs of fish farmers in order to increase farmer productivity. The Axiomatic House of Quality (AHOQ) method is an effective method for solving pellet machine design problems. This method determines what machine specifications are needed by involving customer requirements, functional requirements, and other elements. After obtaining the design and specifications, modeling was carried out using Solidwork software. Solidwork will feature a three-dimensional design. The three-dimensional design produced by SolidWorks is then given to the blacksmith to make the pellet production machine.

Effects of binders and die geometry on quality of densified rice bran using a screw-type laboratory scale pelleting machine

Cellulosic biomass could solve environmental challenges posed by utilization of fossil fuels. Biomass needs to be processed through densification to ease handling, transport and storage. This study considered the densification of rice bran into pellets using a screw-type pelleting machine. Investigations determined the effect of the starch binder quantity, compression ratio and die configuration on the properties of the pellets. The bulk density, pellet length, pellet density, compressive strength, durability and higher heating value of the rice bran pellets ranged between 254 and 367 kg/m3, 16.85 to 39.90 mm, 283.42 and 793.87 kg/m3, 1.68 and 8.31 N/mm2, 89.06 and 98.32 %; and 16.54 to 17.30 MJ/kg. The binder quantity significantly determined the length of the rice bran pellets. The bulk density was significantly influenced by binder quantity, die type and compression ratio. The higher heating value of the rice bran pellets was significantly influenced by the compression ratio and binder quantity. The study established that interactions of the variables considered had influence on the pellet length and bulk density of pellets.

Effect of preconditioning and die thickness on pelleting of livestock feed

ABSTRACT Pelleting has been identified as a means of improving animal performance by limiting selective feeding of livestock. However, it is a complex process that has a number of input variables that must be routinely monitored and adjusted. The interaction between the operational parameters may also give more knowledge of the process. In this study, a screw-type livestock feed pelleting machine was designed and fabricated having a maximum throughput of 0.43 kg/min. Using a full factorial design with three levels of die thickness (5, 7 and 9 mm) and two preconditioners (water and cassava starch), average density of pellets produced was greater than 1g/cm3 For the determination of the density and pellet length, and consequently the durability, the die thickness, plasticiser and interaction of die thickness with plasticiser were significant (p < 0.05). Using starch as preconditioner and increasing the die thickness improved the durability of pellets.

The Impact of Screw Pitch Types on Screw Feeder Performance on Floating Fish Feed Machine

One of the important parts of the floating pellet machine, a tool often used in Indonesia to produce fish feed, is the screw press. The largest contributor to the overall production cost in fish farming is fish feed. Floating pellet machines usually require two motors and have large machine dimensions due to the use of two constant-pitch screw feeders. The purpose of this study was to optimize the performance of the floating fish feed machine with one screw press and one drive motor, with the screw feeder selected as the variable-pitch type. The simulation method was used to compare the mass flow rate produced by each screw pitch and the pressure value parameters on the screw. Based on the results of the study, by using the same fish feed machine base, changing the screw pitch type from the constant type to the variable type, provides an increase in the quality of the fish feed produced to be denser and not easily destroyed, and its buoyancy increases.

Design of laboratory pellet press: Measurement and control system for load and temperature

For the structural design and dimensioning of all parts of the pellet machine, including the pressing tools, it is necessary to know in detail their force or pressure load, stress course, working conditions and exact function. A detailed knowledge of the load is crucial for the correct structural design and functionality of the tools and the entire machine. The contribution is devoted to the structural design of an experimental pellet press with a flat die and the design and implementation of a system for measuring and regulating selected parameters of the pressing process. Such experimental research finds application in the structural design, dimensioning and optimization of individual structural nodes of the pellet machine based on different principles.

Analisis Statistika Tingkat Kepuasan Pengguna Sistem Monitoring Mesin Cetak Pelet Pakan Ternak Berbasis IoT

The aim of this research is to analyze the processing of user satisfaction data on the IoT-based feed pellet machine monitoring system using the Blynk application among visitors of the IT Fest at the School of Vocational IPB University, majoring in Software Engineering Technology (TPL), Computer Engineering Technology, and Industrial Management from batches 57, 59, and 60. The research method employed in this study is quantitative research using descriptive statistics. The sampling technique utilized is a survey method, and the instrument for data collection is a questionnaire. Subsequently, the analysis of all data is conducted by performing testing stages using measures of central tendency, including mean, median, and mode. Using the Likert scale, conclusions can be drawn from the respondents' answers.

The impact of slag on the process of geopolymerization and the mechanical performance of mine-tailings-based alkali-activated lightweight aggregates

Alkali-activated lightweight aggregates (LWAs) made of alkali-activated aluminosilicate-rich mine tailings (MTs) offer a promising alternative to natural lightweight aggregates. The comprehensive investigation of lightweight aggregate production using aluminosilicate-rich MTs in combination with commercial slag as a reactive aluminosilicate remains largely unexplored. In this study, mixtures of MTs and slag were pelletized through the application of a pan pelletizer machine. The study focused on examining the impact of different slag concentrations on the chemical, physical, mechanical, mineralogical, and morphological properties of the produced LWAs. Furthermore, a comparison was made between the physical and mechanical characteristics of the resulting LWAs and those of flay-ash (FA)-based LWAs. The results revealed that the inclusion of slag in LWAs, as compared to FA, led to the production of LWAs with superior physical and mechanical properties. Specifically, as the slag content increases, the water absorption, dissolution, and porosity of LWAs significantly decreased, while the bulk density and compressive strength increased. It is important to note that these changes occur without affecting the specific gravity of the LWAs. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images clearly showed that the addition of slag, similar to FA, especially at concentrations of more than 20% and higher, promoted uniform geopolymerization within the specimens. Furthermore, the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis revealed that all LWAs with concentrations of 20% slag and higher exhibited a Si:Al ratio exceeding three, indicating a higher likelihood of geopolymer backbone formation. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses revealed that the alkali activation process led to the depletion of gypsum, originally present in the MTs, and the emergence of sodalite and zeolite in the LWAs. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tests provided additional confirmation of the ongoing geopolymerization process in slag-based LWAs, particularly those containing 20% slag or higher.

Applications of Local Microorganism (MOL) in The Processing of Waste Leaves and Twig with On Site Solid Waste Processing Technology (TOSS)

The On-Site Solid Waste Processing Technology (TOSS) revolutionized organic and biomass waste conversion into fuel pellets. In this study, we compared outcomes when bio-drying leaf and twig waste with added local microorganisms (MOL) from tuna and bagasse waste, alongside the AR124 bio-activator. Biomass pellet quality was assessed against SNI 8966:2021 standards and previous research. Microorganism identification determined the activator’s constituents. TOSS involved three phases: enumeration, bio-drying, and pelletization. Initially, waste was chopped, and MOL facilitated bio-drying. Subsequently, waste transformed into biomass pellets using a pellet machine. Incorporating AR124 and MOL bio-activators yielded similar quality outcomes, effectively reducing water content and enhancing calorific value compared to variations without activators. Microorganisms identified in MOL and AR124 bio-activators were Candida sp. and Bacillus sp. Compliant with SNI regulations, all biomass pellets met quality standards. Moisture content ranged from 7.67 ± 0.58% to 11.33 ± 2.08%, volatile content from 65 ± 1.00% to 69.33 ± 6.66%, ash content from 13.00 ± 3.61% to 13.67 ± 4.93%, fixed carbon from 5.67 ± 2.08% to 14 ± 5.29%, and heating value from 268.09 ± 2.82 kcal/kg to 3512.17 ± 298.95 kcal/kg.

Experimental investigation of chestnut shells gasification

Fossil fuels substitution with renewable energy sources is necessary for an effective decarbonization. Biomass can represent a valid alternative to fossil fuels, reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, bioenergy generation avoids costs and problems related to biomass disposal. This study presents the energetic valorisation of chestnut shells, a byproduct of the chestnut transformation processes. Through a thermo-conversion system based on gasification, this material was considered not as a waste, but as a resource to be exploited to produce bioenergy and biochar. The fuel gas produced through the gasification process can partially replace the LPG currently used to meet the energy required for the brulage and steam peeling processes. Experimental gasification tests were carried out to evaluate this biomass by means of a laboratory scale micro-gasifier (Imbert downdraft type). Chestnut shells were pelletized with a pelletizer machine to avoid the bridging effect inside the gasifier and increase its energy density. The fuel gas obtained was sampled and analyzed to measure its composition and HHV. In addition, the gasification efficiency was calculated obtaining a value of 70%, a result in line with the ones obtained with higher quality biomasses.

Design of organic fertilizer pellet machine with a capacity of 170.90 Kg/Hour using verein deutcher ingenieure 2222 method

Due to population expansion and heavy consumption, there has been an increase in household garbage in recent years. One of the waste processing techniques that is kind to the environment is turning organic waste into organic fertilizer. Pellets created from organic fertilizer will be more convenient to use and effective. This study aims to construct an organic fertilizer pellet printing machine using the VDI 2222 method to turn organic fertilizer into pellets. this design approach is used to make sure the finished product or system satisfies defined technical requirements and customer needs. A variation of the design for an organic fertilizer pellet machine has been created based on the research, and the design evaluation is based on a survey. The third machine variation was picked as the best machine variant based on the design's outcomes. This machine is made of materials that are generally accessible on the market, has a solid construction, and a simpler manufacturing procedure. The organic fertilizer pellet mill can produce 8 mm x 22 mm pellets at a rate of 170.90 kilograms per hour. An electric motor and coupler acting as a gearbox transmission link power this machine. UNP Steel was used to construct the framework to increase strength and lessen vibration

Effect of Feed Materials on Pellet Properties, Capacity and Energy Consumptions Values

In this study, it was aimed to determine the power consumption, work capacity and some properties of the pellet feed of the pelletizing machine used in the pelleting of animal feeds consisting of small and granular mixtures.&#x0D; A pellet machine with a die hole inlet diameter of 8 mm, an outlet diameter of 5 mm and a flat die with a diameter of 195 mm was used to pellet the feeds. In the experiments, two different feed materials consisting of mixed feed and barley only were used. The bulk weight of the pellets (kg m-3), durability (%), compression resistance (N mm-2), pellet moisture (%) were determined. In addition, hourly pelleting capacity (kg h -1), required energy consumption (kW), specific energy consumption (kW kg -1) of the pelletizing machine were determined.As a result of the trials, the capacity of the pellet feed making machine was 172.80 kg h-1 in the pelleting process from barley and 170 kg h-1 in the pelleting process from mixed feed. The required electrical energy consumption was 7.63 kW, in barley pelleting and 9.18 kW in mixed feed pelleting. Specific energy consumption 0.044 kW kg-1 in barley pelleting, 0.054 kW kg-1 in mixed feed pelleting

Design, Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of a Poultry Feed Pelleting Machine

The poultry industry plays a crucial role in meeting the global demand for animal protein. To ensure optimal growth and productivity of poultry, the formulation and processing of high-quality feed are essential. Feed pelleting is a common method employed to enhance the nutritional value, digestibility, and handling characteristics of poultry feed. The machine which meant for the production of poultry feed pellets in good quantities, was designed, fabricated and its performance evaluation was carried out accordingly. The independent dual operated Poultry Feed Pelleting Machine permits constant production line since the prime mover (diesel engine) would be plunged into operation as at when due, that is, when electricity power supply failed. The materials used were locally sourced which included; mild steel, high carbon steel, aluminum, 3hp electric motor, prime mover and axle. The base materials are corn, soybean, wheat, rice bran, wheat bran, herbs, fish meal, groundnut cake etc. The machine functioned reliably at the throughput capacity of 95kg per hour and up to 800kg per day with 95% efficiency proved its high performing rate. Moreover, the study showed that useful information in designing pelleting machine that produced pellet optimally when the appropriate moisture condition for feed materials is considered ranging from 20% - 30% with temperature range of 500C-700C. The results indicate that the developed machine offers significant advantages in terms of pellet quality, production efficiency, and energy consumption compared to conventional pelleting methods. The developed machine is recommended to facilitate the production of poultry feed pellets for small scale and medium scale farmers.

Design and fabrication of a fish feed mixing cum pelleting machine for small-medium scale aquaculture industry

Abstract The study developed a compact, single unit of fish feed mixing and pelleting machine. In this work, a compact fish feed mixing and pelleting machine was designed, fabricated, and evaluated for its performance efficiency. The basic units of the machine are the processing unit, structural support, and the prime mover. The major component of the feed substrates used were maize, fish meal, soya bean cake, blood, and bone meal in their varied proportions blended with wet cassava starch to establish the machine performance and efficiency. The results showed that the varied proportions of starch inclusion in the blended substrate have influence on the investigated machine performance parameters. The performance outputs from the machine revealed the highest pelleting efficiency of 80.36%, pellet durability of 98.74%, throughput capacity of 4.16 kg/h, and the least labour requirement of 0.23 man-hour per kg at a starch inclusion of 0.125 kg, while the highest pellet bulk density of 0.302 g/cm3 was recorded at 0.20 and 0.125 kg starch addition. Machine economic analysis revealed that it can be of benefit for small- to medium-scale fish feed farmers.

Environmental and Socio-Economic Assessment of Biomass Pellets Biofuel in Hazara Division, Pakistan

A thorough life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to determine whether wood pellets were a viable substitute for non-renewable fuels like oil and gas, especially for heating. To evaluate the properties of wood pellets and their effects on the environment, the study was conducted in the Hazara division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A few factors were investigated, including the carbon and water footprints and the identification of potential growth opportunities in the production of wood pellets. One kilogram of wood pellets served as the analysis reference unit. Raw materials were obtained from sawmills and furniture stores to make the wood pellets. Sawdust, a bio binder, and lubricating oil were used in the production process along with the pelletizer machine. SimaPro 9.2 software was used in the environmental footprint assessment to evaluate several environmental effects, including eutrophication, ozone depletion, abiotic depletion, rusting, human toxicity, and aquatic ecotoxicity. The highest contribution was shown by the wood pellets produced from the softwood sawdust as 149.8558 in marine aquatic ecotoxicity. The study’s findings showed that using lubricating oil during the production of wood pellets significantly affected the overall environmental results. The characterization of wood pellets showed that the Higher heating Values (HHV) resulted from burning wood pellets made from sawdust of Melia azedarach as 24.79 MJ/kg. Softwood mixed species recorded the highest water footprint and damage assessment impact and the highest carbon footprint of 0.186 CO2 e. With a 3.84 × 10−7 DALY (disability-adjusted life years) measurement, softwood mixed species showed the highest contribution to human health damage among the damage categories. In terms of cost, producing one kilogram of wood pellets from softwood mixed species was priced at 22 PKR, the lowest among the assessed species. The highest cost of 26 PKR was associated with producing wood pellets from Parthenium hysterophorus and Diospyros lotus.

Multiparametric optimization and statistical modelling of pelletization process: Effect of independent variables on physicochemical properties of soybean straw pellets

The main objectives of present experimental wok are to perform the statistical optimization, physicochemical characterization and economic analysis of soybean straw pellets obtained from tractor driven pelleting machine. In physicochemical characterization a detailed proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, thermal efficiency, Thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic, and scanning electron microscopy analysis of soybean straw pellets were performed. Considering the Box-Behnken design findings, the pellet density, durability, compressive strength and power required were found to be 615.23 kg/m3, 91.47 %, 39.86 N/mm2 and 7.39 kWh respectively. Based on characterization results soybean straw pellets had an ash content of 5.20 %, a calorific value of 18.81 MJ/kg and a thermal efficiency of 19.46 %, respectively. TGA analysis indicates the maximum mass loss in the active zone due to the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose. The pelleting machine for soybean straw, the benefit-cost ratio and the payback period were recorded to be around 1.18 and 2.10 years, respectively.

Production and Characterization of Pellets from Agricultural Residue: Cotton, Tur, and Soybean

Substituting biomass for conventional sources of fuel can help to provide cleaner energy. Woody biomass pellets are gaining popularity in the primary energy industry. Agricultural biomass is either burned on the farm or used as fodder for animals recently, which releases toxic chemicals in environment. Locally cultivated crop waste has potential to be more environmentally benign than imported biomass. As a result, residues of locally grown Cotton, Tur, and Soybean crops were used for pelleting in this study. The collected residues were sundried and shredded to particle sizes ranging between 2.36 mm to 4.75mm. The pellets were prepared without binder by using pelleting machine. The proximate and ultimate analysis of crop residue and pellet samples was carried out to check characteristics and applicability of pellets as bioenergy source. The thermogravimetric analysis was conducted to check thermal behaviour and SEM-EDS analysis was carried out to detect the inorganics present in ash sample. The obtained calorific values of cotton, tur, and soybean pellets are 3696.57, 3487.83, and 3281.65 Kcal/Kg respectively and moisture content is below 10% for all three types of pellets. The findings showed that crop residue pellets as an alternative to conventional fuel sources provide superior economic and environmental outcomes.

Effect of Thermal Overload Relay (TOR) as Overheating Protection on BSR-10 Type Biofuel Pelletizer Molding Machine

BSR-10 type biofuel pellet forming machine is widely used in renewable energy industry to produce high quality biofuel pellets. However, prolonged operation and heavy loads on these engines can cause their temperature to rise excessively and potentially damage the electric motors. To overcome this problem, this study aims to investigate the effect of using a Thermal Overload Relay (TOR) as a protection against overheating in a BSR-10 type biofuel pellet forming machine. This research involves measuring temperature and engine performance when operated with and without TOR. Motor temperature and engine ambient temperature are observed and recorded during normal operation and heavy load situations. In addition, engine performance in terms of rotational speed, energy consumption and pellet production were also evaluated with and without TOR. The results showed that the use of TOR significantly reduced the motor temperature in the BSR-10 type biofuel pellet forming machine. When given a heavy load, the engine that is protected by TOR shows a more stable and controlled temperature compared to the engine without TOR. In addition, TOR-equipped machines also show improvements in overall performance, including more stable rotational speeds, more efficient energy consumption and consistent pellet production. In conclusion, the use of Thermal Overload Relay (TOR) as protection against overheating in the BSR-10 type biofuel pellet forming machine is effective in controlling motor temperature, improving engine performance, and preventing damage caused by excess temperature. This research provides a better understanding of the use of TOR in the context of biofuel pelletizing machines and can provide useful guidance to the renewable energy industry in improving the operational efficiency and reliability of their machines..

Design of a prototype of a sweet mesquite pelletizing machine for feeding cattle and pigs

The present work consisted in designing a pelletizing machine for the production of animal feed from sweet mesquite. The designof the machine responded to the request of the clients, consisting of a small machine with a productivity of 640 kg day⁻¹in 8 hoursof work. During the machine design, the corresponding resistance calculations, sizing and selection of the appropriate materials forthe structure and other systems that make up the machine were made, such as: transmission system, transmission shaft, conditioningand pelletizing systems.The machine receives a pre-elaborated and crushed mixture, which is processed through the distribution, compression, cutting,unloading and packaging systems. The granulation system of the machine begins with the entry of food into the hopper, beingsubsequently distributed from the vanes towards the rollers in the compression system and traveling towards the face of a die. Therollers apply a compression force that forces the food to pass through the holes. Once the feed has been extruded, the pellets are cutby blades and stored at the bottom of the machine, where a container is placed. The average size of the pellet to be produced by theproposed design is: 10.55 mm in length with a diameter of 4.13 mm.