Pelargonium Graveolens Essential Oil Research Articles

Bridging fungal resistance and plant growth through constitutive overexpression of Thchit42 gene in Pelargonium graveolens.

Thchit42 constitutive expression for fungal resistance showed synchronisation with leaf augmentation and transcriptome analysis revealed the Longifolia and Zinc finger RICESLEEPER gene is responsible for plant growth and development. Pelargonium graveolens essential oil possesses significant attributes, known for perfumery and aromatherapy. However, optimal yield and propagation are predominantly hindered by biotic stress. All biotechnological approaches have yet to prove effective in addressing fungal resistance. The current study developed transgenic geranium bridging molecular mechanism of fungal resistance and plant growth by introducing cassette 35S::Thchit42. Furthermore, 120 independently putative transformed explants were regenerated on kanamycin fortified medium. Primarily transgenic lines were demonstrated peak pathogenicity and antifungal activity against formidable Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium oxysporum. Additionally, phenotypic analysis revealed ~ 2fold increase in leaf size and ~ 2.1fold enhanced oil content. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms for genotypic cause, de novo transcriptional profiles were analyzed to indicate that the auxin-regulated longifolia gene is accountable for augmentation in leaf size, and zinc finger (ZF) RICESLEEPER attributes growth upregulation. Collectively, data provides valuable insights into unravelling the mechanism of Thchit42-mediated crosstalk between morphological and chemical alteration in transgenic plants. This knowledge might create novel opportunities to cultivate fungal-resistant geranium throughout all seasons to fulfil demand.

Antimicrobial activity of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) essential oil and its encapsulation in carioca bean starch ultrafine fibers by electrospinning

Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) is known for being an aromatic plant rich in bioactive compounds with antibacterial properties. In this study, geranium essential oil (GEO) was extracted and encapsulated in ultrafine bean starch fibers produced by electrospinning as an antibacterial agent. GEO revealed a composition rich in volatile compounds, including citronellol, cis-geraniol, β-linalool, citronellyl formate, and linalool formate. In its free form, GEO exhibited high antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria strains (L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, and E. coli). The bean starch fibers, produced with and without the addition of GEO, were uniform and continuous, with an average diameter ranging from 249 to 373 nm. Confocal analysis indicated a uniform distribution of GEO in the fibers, with a loading capacity of 54.0 %, 42.9 %, and 36.5 % for 20 %, 30 %, and 40 % GEO concentrations, respectively. Remarkably, fibers containing 40 % GEO showed a significant reduction in tested bacteria (L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, and E. coli), suggesting promising applications in preventing losses and extending the shelf life of food through active packaging.

Investigation of the Antibacterial Activity of Different Pelargonium Graveolens Essential Oils Sold in the Market

Investigation of the Antibacterial Activity of Different Pelargonium Graveolens Essential Oils Sold in the Market

Inhalation of Pelargonium graveolens Essential Oil Alleviates Pain and Related Anxiety and Stress in Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis and Moderate to Severe Pain.

Pain in lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) patients is closely associated with psychological factors, including anxiety, stress, and depression, and is a critical determinant of patient daily functionality and overall quality of life. The present study evaluated the effects of inhalation of Pelargonium graveolens (geranium) essential oil (GEO) on pain and related psychological factors in LSS patients. Fifty-nine patients, categorized as having mild or moderate to severe pain based on pain visual analog scale (VAS) scores, were randomly assigned to inhalation of 1% GEO or placebo control (PC). No significant differences between GEO and PC were observed in patients with mild pain, whereas differences in anxiety-VAS and stress-VAS scores were observed in patients with moderate to severe pain. Anxiety-VAS and stress-VAS scores decreased significantly after GEO but not after PC inhalation. Regardless of the severity of pain, post-intervention pain-VAS scores were significantly lower in the GEO group than in the PC group. In summary, GEO reduced pain and improved anxiety and stress, particularly among patients with moderate to severe pain. These findings suggest that GEO inhalation may have potential as an adjunct therapy for improving pain management and alleviating anxiety and stress in LSS patients with insufficient responses to pharmacological pain control.

Evaluation of Pelargonium graveolens essential oil to prevent gray mold in rose flowers

Evaluation of Pelargonium graveolens essential oil to prevent gray mold in rose flowers

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil of Pelargonium graveolens and its fractions

This work aims to study the chemical composition and evaluate the antibacterial activity of Pelargonium graveolens essential oil and its fractions collected in the Er-Rachidia region of Morocco. GC-MS analysis of Pelargonium graveolens essential oil and its fractions yielded majority compounds such as; epi-γ-Eudesmol (16.67 %), Geraniol (12.54 %), β-Citronellol (12, 34 %), Citronellyl formate (7.70 %) and Geranyl tiglate (5.21 %), for the crude essential oil of Pelargonium graveolons, while the fractions that is obtained by preparative plate chromatography gave the following compounds, fraction 1 consists mainly of β-Citronellol (35. 83 %) Geraniol (38.78 %), fraction 2 is dominated by epi-γ-Eudesmol (55. 10 %) and α-agorofuran (8.41 %)), as well as fraction 3 is revealed the presence of Geranylgeraniol (23.70 %) and epi-γ-Eudesmol (17.53 %) and Phenylethyl tiglate (12.01 %), fraction 4 consists mainly of Phenylethyl tiglate (58.19 %) and α-agorofuran (8.49 %), then the fraction 5 is represented by the compound majorities such as Geranyl tiglate (30.75 %) and Geranyl butanoate (10.94 %), while the fraction 6 is characterized mainly by 1-Isopropyl-4,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,8a-hexahydronaphthalene (12.08 %). Concerning the antibacterial activity of the essential oil and its fractions 1, 2, 3, and 4 showed bactericidal power against all tested bacteria: Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhimurium, also fractions 5 and 6 have bactericidal power against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and no power against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes.

Comparative In Vitro and In Silico Enzyme Inhibitory Screening of Rosa x damascena and Pelargonium graveolens Essential Oils and Geraniol.

The present work aims to evaluate Rosa x damascena Herrm. and Pelargonium graveolens L'Hér. essential oils, and the major constituent geraniol for their in vitro and in silico inhibitory activities against 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), cyclooxygenase (COX), acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), butyryl cholinesterase (BuChE), and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2) enzymes. Geraniol most potently inhibited the ACE2 relative to other enzymes. R. damascena essential oil moderately inhibited the cancer cell lines with no toxic effects on healthy HEK 293 cells. P. graveolens essential oil inhibited a number of cancer cell lines including A549, MCF7, PC3, and HEK 293 that are reported here for the first time. The molecular docking of geraniol with the target enzymes revealed that it binds to the active sites similar to that of known drugs. Geraniol carries the potential for further drug development due to its drug-like binding mode for the target enzymes. Our work confirms that these essential oils possess similar biological activities due to their similar phytochemistry in terms of the major constituents of the plants. The promising biological activities reported in this work further warrant the inclusion of in vivo studies to establish safe use of the target essential oils and their constituents.

Antifungal activity of the essential oil of Pelargonium graveolens. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics, DFT, and in silico ADMET studies of five derivatives

In order to valorize Algerian aromatic and medicinal plants, this study focused on both the evaluation of the antifungal activity of Pelargonium graveolens essential oil against the citrus fungus Fusarium proliferatum and the in-silico study of its fractions. Moreover, the results showed a strong antifungal potential of all tested essential oil (EO) concentrations compared to the commercial fungicide Agriconazole. Five major molecules that, to our knowledge, have not been the subject of any theoretical study are selected to perform the in-silico study. The stability and molecular reactivity of these five molecules were computed using the HOMO-LUMO energies, energy gap, chemical potential (μ), electronegativity (χ), hardness (η), and softness (S) values. In silico analysis through molecular docking and pharmacokinetic evaluation was used to assess its antifungal activity and drug-likeness property. The in silico DFT, ADMET, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics studies confirm that the results have a greater affinity with the in vitro tests carried out for the selection of new antifungal products of natural origin.

The effect of Aromatherapy with Pelargonium graveolens (P. graveolens) on the fatigue and sleep quality of critical care nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic: A randomized controlled trial

ObjectivesMeasures to reduce nurses' fatigue are necessary to improve the patient's care and the nurse's health and well-being. This study investigated the effectiveness of aromatherapy with Pelargonium graveolens (P. graveolens) essential oil on fatigue and sleep quality of nurses working in intensive care units (ICU). MethodsIn this double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial, 84 nurses working in the ICU of Covid-19 patients were assigned to two groups of P. graveolens and placebo by the stratified block method. The intervention group inhaled one drop of pure P. graveolens. The placebo group inhaled one drop of pure sunflower oil in three consecutive shifts (morning or evening) and each shift twice for 20 min. Using the Visual Analog Fatigue Scale (VAS-F), fatigue was measured 30 min before the intervention, immediately, and 60 min later. Also, on the morning of the intervention days, sleep quality was assessed with the Verran and Snyder-Halpern (VSH) Sleep Scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS, version 24. Independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square tests, and MANOVA, were used. ResultsThe mean score of fatigue immediately and 60 min after aromatherapy in the P. graveolens group was lower than in the control group (P ˂ 0.05). There was no significant difference between the mean sleep scores of nurses in the P. graveolens group before and after the intervention (P > 0.05). ConclusionInhalation aromatherapy with P. graveolens essential oil can reduce nurses' fatigue in the ICU. The findings of this study can make nurses interested in using aromatherapy as a self-care method.

Pelargonium graveolens Essential Oil Nanoencapsulated into Beta-Cyclodextrin Loaded in Chitosan: A Way to Enhance Storage Stability and Control Release

Pelargonium graveolens Essential Oil Nanoencapsulated into Beta-Cyclodextrin Loaded in Chitosan: A Way to Enhance Storage Stability and Control Release

Examination of the Effect of Aromatherapy Applications on Perceived Stress Level: Geranium (pelargonium graveolens) Essential Oil

Öz
 Bu araştırma ıtır (pelargonium graveolens) uçucu yağının aromaterapi uygulamalarıyla algılanan stres düzeyi üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma İstanbul ilinde yaşayan, aktif olarak çalışan, 25 yaş üstü, üniversite mezunu toplam 93 kadın ve erkek katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada ön test son test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın verileri Demografik Bilgi Formu ve Algılanan Stres Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmada uygulama 30 gün boyunca düzenli olarak sabah ve akşam olmak üzere günde iki kez olacak şekilde baş(şakaklar) ve boyun bölgesine yavaş ve dairesel hareketlerle masaj yağıyla 5 dakika süresince masaj ve ardından 10 dakika inhaler ile koklama şeklinde 2 aşamalı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Algılanan Stres Ölçeğiyle elde edilen veriler değerlendirildiğinde ıtır uçucu yağı ile yapılan aromaterapi uygulamalarının, Algılanan Stres Ölçeği Yetersiz Özyeterlik Algısı ve Algılanan Stres Ölçeği Stres\Rahatsızlık Algısı alt boyutu ile Algılanan Stres Ölçeği toplam puanına deney grubu ön test ile son test ikili karşılaştırma ortalama puan farkının istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir (p

Chemical Markers and Pharmacological Characters of Pelargonium graveolens Essential Oil from Palestine.

Pelargonium graveolens leaves are widely used in traditional medicine for relieving some cardiovascular, dental, gastrointestinal, and respiratory disorders. They are also used as food and tea additives in Palestine and many other countries. Consequently, this investigation aimed to describe the chemical markers, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, metabolic, and cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes inhibitory characteristics of P. graveolens essential oil (PGEO) from Palestine utilizing reference methods. There were 70 chemicals found in the GCMS analysis, and oxygenated terpenoids were the most abundant group of the total PGEO. Citronellol (24.44%), citronellyl formate (15.63%), γ-eudesmol (7.60%), and iso-menthone (7.66%) were the dominant chemical markers. The EO displayed strong antioxidant activity (IC50 = 3.88 ± 0.45 µg/mL) and weak lipase and α-amylase suppressant effects. Notably, the PGEO displayed high α-glucosidase inhibitory efficacy compared with Acarbose, with IC50 doses of 52.44 ± 0.29 and 37.15 ± 0.33 µg/mL, respectively. PGEO remarkably repressed the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), even more than Ampicillin and Ciprofloxacin, and strongly inhibited Candida albicans compared with Fluconazole. The highest cytotoxic effect of the PGEO was noticed against MCF-7, followed by Hep3B and HeLa cancer cells, with IC50 doses of 32.71 ± 1.25, 40.71 ± 1.89, and 315.19 ± 20.5 µg/mL, respectively, compared with doxorubicin. Moreover, the screened EO demonstrated selective inhibitory activity against COX-1 (IC50 = 14.03 µg/mL). Additionally, PGEO showed a weak suppressant effect on COX-2 (IC50 = 275.97 µg/mL). The current research can be considered the most comprehensive investigation of the chemical and pharmacological characterization of the PGEO. The results obtained in this study demonstrate, without doubt, that this plant represents a rich source of bioactive substances that can be further investigated and authenticated for their medicinal potential.

Chemical Profiling and Biological Activities of Pelargonium graveolens Essential Oils at Three Different Phenological Stages.

The aim of this work was the determination of Pelargonium graveolens (aerial parts) volatile compounds at three developmental stages and the evaluation of their antioxidant, antidiabetic, dermaprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects. The aerial parts of Pelargonium graveolens were collected at three stages, namely the vegetative, beginning, and full flowering. Pelargonium graveolens essential oils were extracted from the dried materials of these aerial parts by hydrodistillation. The volatiles were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry GC-MS, and the antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH, ABTS, H2O2, and FRAP assays. The in vitro antidiabetic effect was evaluated by the inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase enzymes, while the antibacterial activity was assessed against six bacterial strains using an agar well diffusion assay and a microdilution method. The main constituents were menthol, menthene, eremophilene, isoborneol, isogeraniol, α-pinene, linalyl acetate, and 3-carene, with quantitative differences at the three phenological stages. The essential oil at the full flowering stage showed the best antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 83.26 ± 0.01, 116.42 ± 0.07, 132.25 ± 0.11, and 48.67 ± 0.04 μg/mL for DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and H2O2 assays, respectively. This oil also exhibited significant effects against α-amylase (IC50 = 43.33 ± 0.01 μg/mL), α-glucosidase (IC50 = 19.04 ± 0.01 μg/mL), lipase (IC50 = 24.33 ± 0.05 μg/mL), 5-lipoxygenase (IC50 = 39.31 ± 0.01 μg/mL), and tyrosinase (IC50 = 124.49 ± 0.07 μg/mL). The essential oil extracted at the full flowering stage showed the best antibacterial effect against a panel of microorganisms with diameter inhibition zones ranging between 11.00 ± 0.17 mm and 17.30 ± 0.17 mm and MIC values from 0.25% to 2% v/v. Overall, the results presented here suggest that the full flowering stage is the best optimal harvest time of Pelargonium graveolens for food and pharmaceutical applications.

Formulation and Evaluation of Antifungal Pelargonium graveolens Soap

Skin disorders are most serious public health issues because they affect both peoples and communities. Fungi grows as a yeasts, molds or a combination of both. Antifungal medicines treat fungal infections. Fungus in the soil, air and on your skin can cause yeast infections, ringworm, and nail and skin infections. Antifungal medication includes soaps, creams, ointments, gels, powders and oral medications which can treat fungal infection of our skin. The herbal medication like Pelargonium graveolens essential (Geranium) oil are used for Research project because it relieve itchy, dry, flaky skin. Antifungal soaps are formulated with the Geranium oil which helps to prevent the fungal infections. It contains ingredients that make your skin resistant to infections. It is having property of Antifungal which can reduce the growth of fungus and treat fungal infections. This formulation applying easily on our affected area of our body. Geranium oil contains Geraniol and citronellol oil in it which can be give effective results on infectious tissues. Using procedure we formulate the antifungal geranium soap and perform the physical parameter and evaluation tests. After all we can concluded that, the P. graveolens can influence the yield of oils, their chemical composition as well as their Antifungal, Antioxidant and Antibacterial activities.

From biosynthesis in plants to post-biosynthetic enzymatic conversion. Generation of odor-impact rose oxides from citronellol-rich essential oils

ABSTRACT Citronellol is a monoterpene alcohol biosynthesized by various plant species belonging to different families of Angiosperm. Bioinspired by the metabolism of Rosa sp., able to produce (–)-cis-rose oxide from citronellol, we have studied and optimized a laccase-catalyzed oxidation of (±)-, (R)-, and (S)-citronellol into rose oxide diastereomers in the presence of mediators. The reaction was found to be diastereomerically cis-selective but completely non-enantioselective. The laccase-mediator system was then applied on citronellol-containing essential oils such as lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) essential oils in order to modify their composition beyond the plant metabolism and increase their rose oxides content, thereby tuning their olfactory properties.

Extraction and Formulation of Perfume from Pelargonium Graveolens Essential Oil

Essential oils are found in different plants these are different from fatty oils because they evaporate on contact with air and they possess a pleasant taste and strong aromatic odour. The main compounds of geranium is citronellol (24.54%) Geraniol (15.33%) Citronellyl formate (10.66%) and linalool (9.80%) The essential oil of Pelargonium Graveolens from the areial parts obtained by steam distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and this oil are used in high grade perfumery.perfume industries are growing demand as the living standards improving day by day.The increasing demand of perfume they mask the body odour.various methods of oil extraction such as solvent extraction,hydrodistillation, expression and steam distillation can be used for oil extraction.Distillation based processes steam and vacuum distillation preferred for the extraction of essential oils from the Pelargonium Graveolens plants. The extracted essential oils was formulated into perfume using a fixative and carrier solvent.

Nano-formulation of Pelargonium graveolens Essential Oil: Physicochemical Characterization and its Bioactivity Against Rice Weevil Sitophilus Oryzae on Stored Wheat Grain

Nano-formulation of Pelargonium graveolens Essential Oil: Physicochemical Characterization and its Bioactivity Against Rice Weevil Sitophilus Oryzae on Stored Wheat Grain

Concerns with Male Infertility Induced by Exposure to Titanium Nanoparticles and the Supporting Impact of Pelargonium graveolens Essential Oil: Morphometric Records in Male-Wistar Rats.

Background: Due to the increased use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), the risks of their reprotoxic effect arise. This study anticipated examining the potential protective effects of GEO (geranium essential oil) components screened via GC/MS analysis against the reprotoxic impacts of TiO2 NPs on male rats. Methods: Thirty-two adult male rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control, GEO (75 mg/kg bwt/orally/day/60 days), TiO2 NPs (100 ppm/rat/IP/day/60 days), and TiO2 NPs + GEO. After 60 days, hormonal assay, semen appraisal, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes, testis and prostate morphometry, and the steroidogenesis-related genes’ mRNA expressions were assessed. Results: The TEM and DLS results demonstrated that synthesized TiO2 NPs are spherical with minimal aggregations polydispersed and varying in size from 50 to 100 nm. TiO2 NPs IP injection-induced sperm abnormalities decreased the percent of motile sperms in the sperm count, reduced sex hormone levels, altered the testicular oxidant/antioxidant status and mRNA expression of steroid-related genes, and induced architectural alterations in testicular, epididymal, and prostate gland tissues. GEO significantly rescued the TiO2 NPs-altered spermiogram, sex hormones, and antioxidant capacity, restored the tissue architectures, and enhanced steroidogenesis-related gene mRNA expression. Conclusions: These findings may significantly contribute to developing combinatorial treatments for infertility associated with various environmental and industrial xenobiotic exposures.

Phytotoxicity of Cedrus and Pelargonium essential oils on selected weeds

The inhibitory effects of Cedrus atlantica and Pelargonium graveolens essential oils on seed germination and seedling growth of three weed species were investigated. The oils were applied in three different concentrations (10, 20 and 30 µg/mL) in laboratory conditions, with four replications. Applied oils demonstrate a strong inhibitory effect on Taraxacum officinale in the tested concentrations with a germination inhibition percentage ranging from 50-100%. The tested oils were considerably less effective on Chenopodium album and Daucus carota seeds, suggesting their usage as natural herbicidal products for some weed species.

Comparative study of the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of the essential oil of Pelargonium graveoiens from the four regions of Morocco

Pelargonium graveoiens (rose-scented pelargonium) is a plant that belongs to the Geraniaceae family native to South Africa. It is recognized for its aroma and essential oil which is widely used in the cosmetic industry, aromatherapy and as a food flavoring agent. It is also known for its antifungal, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties. For this, it is interesting to study the chemical composition of the essential oil of Pelargonium graveolens from the four regions of Morocco (Er-Rachidia, Meknes, Rabat, Tetouan) by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and determine the similarities and dissimilarities of the chemical composition of these four essential oils by carrying out an analysis on the one hand in main composition (ACP) and on the other hand, evaluating their antioxidant activities by two methods DPPH and CAT. The results showed that the essential oil of Pelargonium graveoiens (rose-scented pelargonium) from the four regions mainly contains p-Citronellol, geraniol, citronellyl formate, epi-y-eudesmol, geranyl tiglate and linalool. On the other hand, the antioxidant activity of Pelargonium graveolens essential oil by the measured DPPH method showed that the IC50 values of the Meknes region are lower than the IC50 values found in the Er-Rachidia, Tetouan and Rabat regions.