Peer Self-esteem Research Articles

Ethnic identity commitment and socioemotional well-being among Latinx-origin college students: The influence of maternal and peer relationships

Purpose: Considerable research has noted the association between ethnic identity commitment, which refers to a positive affirmation, sense of belonging and heightened level of engagement to one’s ethnic group, and indices of well-being, but less is known in terms of factors that can explain this link. Research Design: The current study explored the relationship between ethnic identity commitment and indices of well-being, the mediating role of social relationships, and the moderating roles of gender and immigrant generation status. Study Sample: A sample of 707 Latinx college students (79% female, 21% male, M age = 19.08 years, SD age = 1.17, Range: 17.00–25.00) reported on ethnic identity commitment, maternal and peer relationship quality, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and anxiety. Results: Results suggested that ethnic identity commitment was positively associated with socioemotional well-being. Although both types of relationships were significant mediators on their own, maternal relationship quality had a greater influence. Furthermore, gender and immigrant generation status were not significant moderators of these indirect effects. Conclusions: Findings indicate that committing to one’s ethnic identity enhances socioemotional well-being. They also demonstrate the complex interplay of social relationships and the enduring influence of maternal relationships during early adulthood. Results support the development of efforts geared toward facilitating ethnic identity commitment as well as leveraging the impact of social relationships in a manner that supports Latinx individuals.

PEER INFLUENCE AND SELF ESTEEM AS PREDICTORS OF SELF-MEDICATION AMONG THE YOUTH IN THE MIDDLE BELT REGION OF NIGERIA

Over the years, individuals have been visiting the drug stores intending to treat their respective illnesses without expert consultation. Self-medication has been defined as self-prescription and self-administration of drugs by an individual without consulting a medical expert. It is a public health concern. Research has established several predictor variables in self-medication. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the predictive role of peer influence and self-esteem on self-medication practice among the youth in the middle-belt region of Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey was adopted. Two hundred and sixteen youth pooled from four large public health institutions in Kogi and Benue State participated in the study. The participant completed a self-report measure,and a multiple regression model was used to test the hypothesis. The result showed that peerinfluence statistically significantly predicted self-medication practice, while self-esteem did not. The study recommends a robust anti-self-medication campaign.

The ups and downs of mentoring relationship formation: What to expect

The current study examines the development of formal youth mentoring relationships over time in a sample of female mentors. While benefits of youth mentoring have been shown across a variety of domains, research suggests that qualities of the mentoring relationship, including duration and satisfaction, are instrumental in determining mentee outcomes. Despite the central role of the relationship in mentoring, there is a paucity of research examining how mentoring relationships develop over time. Mentors were participants in a school-based mentoring program that is curriculum driven and includes both a group and a one-on-one component. Weekly reports of relationship satisfaction were collected from mentors. Multilevel modelling was used to analyze relationship quality over time. Relationship development was best modeled by a random-effects, random-slopes model. Satisfaction generally started high and grew slightly over the academic year. The intercept, slope and their interaction was not associated with mentee outcomes (e.g., mentee relationship satisfaction or peer self-esteem). This study is a first step towards understanding the developmental pattern of mentoring relationships as measured by mentor reports of relationship strength. Results from this study provide important information to aid in mentor training and to advance the mentoring field. Limitations of the research design include inability to make causal claims, small sample size, and lack of generalizability.

여자 청소년의 비만도가 대인관계역량에 미치는 영향: 또래관계와 자아존중감의 이중 매개효과

여자 청소년의 비만도가 대인관계역량에 미치는 영향: 또래관계와 자아존중감의 이중 매개효과

Self-esteem, symptom severity, and treatment response in adolescents with internalizing problems

BackgroundAdolescents with low self-esteem often experience internalizing psychopathology (i.e., anxiety, depression). Self-esteem may therefore be a clinically relevant construct for assessment and treatment outcomes. We examined whether general and domain-specific (family, peer, academic) self-esteem are related to adolescents’ internalizing symptom severity and response to cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). MethodParticipants were 89 adolescents ages 14 to 18 years (M = 16.3, 70% females) from an outpatient clinic who were referred for CBT. Adolescents completed measures of self-esteem at baseline and measures of internalizing symptoms at baseline and at the end of a manualized group CBT intervention. ResultsLower peer and family self-esteem, but not academic self-esteem, were associated with more internalizing symptoms at baseline, after controlling for general self-esteem. However, only higher general self-esteem, and not any of the specific self-esteem domains, predicted lower internalizing symptoms at posttreatment. Follow-up analyses revealed differential associations between family and peer self-esteem domains and anxious and depressive symptoms. LimitationsOnly self-report measures were used. The relatively small sample size may have limited power to detect small effects. ConclusionsSelf-esteem in domains regarding family and peer relationships may be important in the evaluation of adolescents with internalizing problems. Adolescents with low general self-esteem may benefit less from CBT than other adolescents. Addressing negative self-perceptions may be necessary to reduce internalizing symptoms for adolescents with low self-esteem.

Relationship Between Peer Pressure and Self Esteem in Adolescents

When entering adolescence, adolescents are expected to be able to know their own worth and their worth towards others. This means that adolescents should be able to assess themselves positively by the extent to which adolescents are able to show that they are capable, meaningful, successful and valuable. The reality that occurs in the field are still many teenagers who are found there are teenagers who do not believe in their own abilities, do not dare to appear in front of the class, feel afraid and anxious when faced with a challenge, become victims of bullying, and are isolated from peer groups, etc. This study aims to describe peer pressure and adolescent self-esteem and to examine the relationship between peer pressure and adolescent self-esteem in Adabiah Padang High School. This type of research used in this research is descriptive quantitative correlational. The sample in this study amounted to 219 students. The results of the study revealed that: (1) peer pressure experienced by Adabiah Padang high school students was in the high category, (2) self-esteem possessed by Adabiah Padang high school students was in the low category, (3) there is a significant negative relationship between peer pressure and adolescent self-esteem at Adabiah Padang High School.

Effectiveness of the comprehensive intervention package on the psychological variables among adolescents

The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the comprehensive intervention package on psychological variables of adolescents. The research approach adopted for the study was quantitative evaluative approach and the research design was true experimental design. The adolescents 76 in the control and 76 in the experimental group were selected randomly and included in the study. A significant change was identified in the experimental group between the pre-test and post-test scores of psychological variables (p < 0.001) when compared to the control group. Assertiveness and self-esteem, peer relationship and self-esteem, self-esteem and coping showed a significant correlation (p < 0.001). A significant negative correlation was observed between stress and self-esteem (r =-0.417; p < 0.001). Stress and coping showed a significant correlation at P < 0.05. Thus education and training using comprehensive intervention package was very effective in improving assertiveness, reducing stress, enhancing coping, peer relationship and self-esteem of the adolescents.

Effectiveness of Planned Series of Activity Sessions on Peer Relationship and Self-Esteem among Adolescents

Effectiveness of Planned Series of Activity Sessions on Peer Relationship and Self-Esteem among Adolescents

An Evaluation of the Positive Action Program for Youth Violence Prevention: From Schools to Summer Camps

New Orleans has experienced some of the highest per capita rates of homicide in the nation. In response, the City of New Orleans developed the NOLA FOR LIFE murder reduction strategy, one aspect of which is the implementation of Positive Action, a character building program for youth. The Positive Action program has offered promising results for curbing youth violence when implemented in school-based settings. However, given the city’s mostly charter-based school system, summer camps are among the few entry points available through which to implement city-wide youth initiatives. During the 2016 summer camp session, an evaluation was conducted to determine whether incorporating the Positive Action curriculum into a 6-week summer camp results in youth experiencing positive changes in peer self-esteem, the ability to get along with others, bullying behavior, and normative beliefs about aggression. This evaluation compares youth that received the Positive Action curriculum during summer camp with those that received the traditional summer camp curriculum. A multi-method approach of quantitative pre-and post-surveys of youth and focus group interviews with camp teachers were employed. Results from the quantitative data suggest few statistically significant findings, while qualitative data suggests that Positive Action may be effective at reducing violent norms and behavior. Implications for social workers and the need for adapting school-based violence reduction interventions for non-traditional settings are discussed.

Youth with chronic health problems: how do they fare in main-stream mentoring programs?

BackgroundYouth with chronic physical health problems often experience social and emotional problems. We investigate the relationship between participation in the Big Brothers Big Sisters of Canada community-based mentoring programs (BBBS) and youth social and mood outcomes by youth health status.MethodsYouth newly enrolled in BBBS were classified by health status (one or more chronic physical health problems without activity limitation, n = 191; one or more chronic physical health problems with activity limitation, n = 94; no chronic health problem or activity limitation, n = 536) and mentoring status (yes/no) at 18 month follow-up. Youth outcomes measured at follow-up were social anxiety, depressed mood, and peer self-esteem.ResultsYouth with chronic health problems and activity limitation were more likely to live with two biological parents, use mental health or social services, and have parents who reported difficulties with depressed mood, social anxiety, family functioning and neighbourhood problems. At 18 month follow-up, mentored youth in this health status group experienced fewer symptoms of social anxiety and higher peer self-esteem compared to non-mentored youth. Mentored youth with chronic health problems without activity limitation and mentored youth with no health problems or limitations did not show significant improvements in social anxiety and peer self-esteem. Regardless of their health status, mentored youth reported fewer symptoms of depressed mood than non-mentored youth.ConclusionsYouth with chronic health problems, particularly those with activity limitation as well, demonstrate a capacity to experience social and mood benefits associated with mentoring.

Relationship of Peer Victimization, Psychological Distress and Self Esteem among Teenagers

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; This study was designed to estimate the relationship of peer victimization, psychological distress and self-esteem among teenagers. The sample consisted of 233 teenager’s age range from 11 to 20 years. Data was collected from Kot Addu and Multan District. Convenient Sampling method was used to collect the data. Illinois Bully scale developed by (Espelage, D. L. &amp; Holt, 2001) consisted of 18 items was used to check the rate of Peer Victimization. A 20 item state Self Esteem scale developed by (Heatherton, T. F. &amp; Polivy, 1991) was taken to check the level of self-esteem among teenagers. Another 10 item Kessler psychological Distress scale (K10) developed by (Kessler &amp; Mroczek, 1992) was used to check the level of distress among teenagers. The results were analyzed through SPSS. The findings of the study show that peer victimization leads to psychological distress and victimized teenagers have low level of self-esteem. It was also found that rate of peer victimization is high among school going teenagers as compared to college or university. Result further exposed that there is no significance difference in peer victimization on the basis of demographic variables like age group, gender, parent’s qualification, no of siblings and family system.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Relationship Between Peer Popularity and Self-Esteem Among Young Pregnant Out of Wedlock

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; This study examined the relationship between peers popularity and self-esteem within the attitude towards sexual behaviour among young pregnant out of wedlock. A total of 130 teenagers pregnant out of wedlock aged between 14 years and 19 years from 4 welfare institutions in the states of Selangor, Perak, Johor and Kelantan participated in this research. Respondents were selected using stratified random sampling technique. This study utilises the three questionnaires of the Inventory Peer Pressure, Popularity, and Conformity Scale (Santor, Messervey &amp; Kusumakar, 2000), the Rosenberg Self- Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965) and Brief Sexual Attitudes Scale (Hendrick &amp; Reich, 2006). All instruments used had yielded a Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient value ranging from 0.82 to 0.90. Findings revealed that the level of peers popularity is high, level of self esteem also high and respondents indicated a high level of attitude sexual behavior. Results of Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that there were significant relationships between peers popularity and attitudes toward sexual behavior (r= .801, p&lt;.05) and a significant correlation between self esteem and attitude sexual behavior (r = .708, p &lt;.05). Bootstrapping analysis revealed the role of self esteem as a mediator variables of peers popularity and self esteem with sexual attitude behavior. From the theoretical implications, this study describes the role of self esteem as a mechanism that effect the popularity of peer sexual behavior and attitude. In conclusion, peers popularity and self esteem related to sexual attitude and behavior. The study showed that risk factors such as the acceptance by the peer group have a significant direct effect on sexual behavior At the same time, this study also suggests several alternatives in order to curb sexual misconduct among the teenagers today.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

The Longitudinal Reciprocal Predictability of Peer Attachment, Self-Esteem, and Life Satisfaction among Early Adolescence: Focusing on Gender Differences

이 연구는 한국아동청소년 초4 패널자료를 활용하여 삶의 만족과 개인 내적 변인인 자존감과 환경 변인인 또래애착의 인과관계 분석을 목적으로 수행되었다. 초4 시점과 중1 시점 사이의 2년 간격에서 또래애착, 자존감, 삶의 만족 사이의 종단적 관계를 알아보기 위하여 자기회귀 교차지연 효과 모형을 적용한 구조방정식 모형을 검증하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 또래애착은 자존감과 삶의 만족을 유의하게 예측하지 못하였다. 둘째, 자존감에서 또래애착으로 가는 교차지연효과 계수는 이전 시점의 자존감이 높을수록 이후 시점의 또래애착이 높았고, 자존감에서 삶의 만족으로 가는 교차지연효과 계수는 이전 시점의 자존감이 높을수록 이후 시점의 삶의 만족이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 삶의 만족에서 또래애착으로 가는 교차지연효과 계수는 유의하지 않았으나, 이전 시점에서 삶의 만족이 높을수록 이후 시점의 자존감이 높았다. 관련 변인들의 교호적 관계에 대한 다집단 분석을 실시한 결과, 통계적으로 유의한 성별의 차이는 나타나지 않았다.

Prediction of Teenager Depression Based on Social Skill, Peer Attachment, Parental Attachment and Self-esteem

&lt;p&gt;The study examined prediction of teenager depression based on social skill, peer attachment, parental attachment and self-esteem. The type of this study is descriptive-corolation. Data from survey of 382 high school daughter students in basis of morgan sampling table were used. At this study we used Multistage Cluster Method for sampeling. Information of this study collecting by Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (2002), Social Skills Inventory and Foster teen Ayndrbytzn TISS (1992), Test Adolescent Attachment to Parent and Peer (IPPA-R) (1978) and Ruchester Self-Esteem Scale (1998). The Statistical method used for data analysis in the study is Multivariable regression and Pearson correlation. The results indicated that there was reversed significant relation between teenager Depression and Social Skills. There was also reverse significant realation between Depression, Peer and Parent Attachment and Self-Esteem. Furthermore it revealed that between mother attachment and father attachment, mother attachment had more share on prediction of adolescence depression. Among three variables of social skills, parental attachment, peer attachment and self-esteem the social skill had the least effect on prediction of adolescent depression but others had a significant effect.&lt;/p&gt;

The reciprocal relationship between peer alienation and self-esteem among South Korean middle school students

The reciprocal relationship between peer alienation and self-esteem among South Korean middle school students

The Mediating Effects of Peer Attachment and Self-esteem on the Relationships between Parenting Attitude and School Adjustment

The Mediating Effects of Peer Attachment and Self-esteem on the Relationships between Parenting Attitude and School Adjustment

The effectiveness of using expressive art to integrating the sense of self of children with cancer

Background: Only limited studies highlighted the effectiveness of expressive art program to integrating the sense of self of children with cancer. The painting process of expressive art is a kind of inner intentionality. Children can use painting materials to return to their inner world through intentionality process. It is worthy to develop a caring-healing process to integrating child's self-esteem who was experiencing suffering. Objective: A quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate an expressive art program provided to children with cancer to integrating sense of self. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used. Generalized estimation equations (GEE) was used to compare changes over time among groups for outcomes to ensure the effectiveness of the intervention. Experimental group (N = 17) received two or three times expressive art activities in related to their positive experience, and placebo group (N = 35) who received regular nursing care. The Children Self-esteem scale and Quality of Life scale were used to collect the data. To examine the effectiveness of the intervention, child's self-esteem and quality of life were measured, using a pretest, 2 weeks, 1- and 2-month follow-up assessment. Results: Children who received expressive art program had a higher mean self-esteem scores and higher quality of life scores than control group. After adjusting the age of children, there was a significant effect in child's school self-esteem, peer self-esteem, and family self-esteem, as well as quality of life for the experimental group on the one and half months follow-up. Discussion: Results suggest that the expressive art program may contribute to child's integrating of self and improved quality of life. Conclusion: It is important to create a caring environment for children with cancer regarding integrating their embodiment of the experience in prognosis of their dysfunction of body to provide enhancement of their self-esteem as well as better quality of life.

Perceptions of health care services and HIV-related health-seeking behavior among Uganda adolescents

Youth represent almost half of all new HIV infections globally. Although condom use is an effective method of HIV prevention among sexually active youth in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), they face substantial barriers in obtaining condoms in environments where adults hold attitudes condemning premarital sex. More research is needed to better understand the multitude of factors that affect SSA youths' behaviors regarding safe sex practices, including factors that may influence their ability to obtain condoms, and decisions to be tested for HIV. In this study of Uganda youth (n = 1503) from five secondary schools, logistic regression models highlight factors that influence perceptions regarding respect and confidentiality at health centers, condom acquisition, and HIV testing. Family support appears to be an especially important factor that affects youth perceptions about how they will be treated when seeking condoms and HIV testing. Condom acquisition and HIV-testing behaviors are also associated with peer influence, self-esteem, and demographic characteristics, such as age.

Understanding sense of neighbourhood community in Korean adolescents: its relation to adolescent well-being and the role of parents

This study examined whether Korean adolescents' sense of neighbourhood community would be related to their peer relations and self-esteem and the role of parent-related variables (e.g., mother's sense of neighbourhood community and perceived relationship closeness with parents) among a sample of 229 Korean adolescents and their mothers. Hierarchical regression analyses showed a positive association of Korean adolescents' sense of neighbourhood community with peer relations and self-esteem. In addition, having a close relationship with parents emerged as the ultimate predictor of their sense of neighbourhood community above and beyond the variance accounted for by socio-demographic characteristics and school adaptation. Results suggest that parents play a significant role in Korean adolescents' sense of neighbourhood community. Fostering close relationships with parents and improving mothers' sense of neighbourhood community may be particularly effective for strengthening Korean adolescents' sense of neighbourhood community.

Predictors of victimisation across direct bullying, indirect bullying and cyberbullying

Cyberbullying may sometimes be an extension of traditional bullying. However, some particular features of cyberbullying suggest that it may have a distinct causal pathway, due to the social context of a virtual environment within which peer social processes occur. Moreover, boys and girls may perceive and respond differentially to their social context, which may heighten the risk for victimisation. This study aimed to describe how the perceived relational context (school, peers and family) may influence the probability of becoming a victim, in both offline and virtual contexts, among boys and girls. A questionnaire, measuring school climate; global, family and peer self-esteem; loneliness in relationship with parents and peers; and victimisation in traditional direct, traditional indirect and cyberbullying, was completed by 2326 Italian adolescents (mean age 13.9 years). For traditional victimisation, significant predictors were loneliness in relations with peers and a negative perception of school climate, in both males and females, while younger age (for direct victimisation) and lower global self-esteem (for indirect victimisation) were predictors for males only. For cybervictimisation, involvement as either a direct or an indirect victim was a very strong predictor for both males and females, but with an element of distinction compared to traditional victimisation, as lower self-esteem in family relationships was a predictor of cybervictimisation for males, while parent loneliness was a predictor for females. Implications for understanding the continuity/discontinuity between traditional bullying and cyberbullying, and for the development of intervention strategies, taking into account some differences by gender, are discussed.